6 chapter 4 Holocene - Edinburgh Research Archive
... approximately 11 thousand years before present (kyr BP), when the summer solstice was aligned with perihelion, to a minimum today. The tropical seasonal monsoons are highly influenced by precessional variations in insolation, resulting in a wetter tropical climate as monsoon intensity increases (Cle ...
... approximately 11 thousand years before present (kyr BP), when the summer solstice was aligned with perihelion, to a minimum today. The tropical seasonal monsoons are highly influenced by precessional variations in insolation, resulting in a wetter tropical climate as monsoon intensity increases (Cle ...
tasmania - The Tasmanian Polar Network
... and TERSS (the Tasmanian Earth Resource Satellite Station), as well as other global observing programs. The Southern Surveyor will be replaced in 2012 by an 85-metre state-of-the-art ocean-going research vessel. More than 300 staff and visiting scientists at CMAR make up Australia’s leading regional ...
... and TERSS (the Tasmanian Earth Resource Satellite Station), as well as other global observing programs. The Southern Surveyor will be replaced in 2012 by an 85-metre state-of-the-art ocean-going research vessel. More than 300 staff and visiting scientists at CMAR make up Australia’s leading regional ...
Climate change and Pacific islands: Indicators and impacts: Report
... engaging federal, state, and local government agencies, non-government organizations, academia, businesses, and community groups to inform and prioritize their activities in the face of a changing climate. The immediate focus has been on bringing together almost 100 scientific experts and practition ...
... engaging federal, state, and local government agencies, non-government organizations, academia, businesses, and community groups to inform and prioritize their activities in the face of a changing climate. The immediate focus has been on bringing together almost 100 scientific experts and practition ...
GEOTRACES National Reports - Scientific Committee on Oceanic
... atmospheric iron solubility over tropical northern Australia, the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic snowfall. These locations were used to investigate iron in aerosols transported over continental and marine areas at different spatial scales relative to sources. The results of the study suggest that a ...
... atmospheric iron solubility over tropical northern Australia, the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic snowfall. These locations were used to investigate iron in aerosols transported over continental and marine areas at different spatial scales relative to sources. The results of the study suggest that a ...
Contaminants in the arctic marine environment
... The distinguishing characteristic of the Arctic is its comparatively low temperature. Because low temperatures reduce volatilization, semi-volatile compounds can be preferentially transported to the Arctic by a ‘‘global distillation’’ process in much the same way as there exists a net transport of h ...
... The distinguishing characteristic of the Arctic is its comparatively low temperature. Because low temperatures reduce volatilization, semi-volatile compounds can be preferentially transported to the Arctic by a ‘‘global distillation’’ process in much the same way as there exists a net transport of h ...
Pacific Island Mangroves in a Changing Climate and Rising Sea
... sensitive to sea level rise (photo by J. Ellison). increases in sea level and other climate change effects. Many of the low islands do not exceed 4 m above current mean sea level, and even on islands with higher grounds, most development is located on narrow coastal plains. The small land mass, high ...
... sensitive to sea level rise (photo by J. Ellison). increases in sea level and other climate change effects. Many of the low islands do not exceed 4 m above current mean sea level, and even on islands with higher grounds, most development is located on narrow coastal plains. The small land mass, high ...
Assessment Report on the Potential Effects of Climate Change on
... and sea ice exchanges with neighboring regions. Sea ice thickness and concentrations of multi-year ice are decreasing especially along the slope and deeper offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea and adjacent regions. These reductions are mainly a result of losses of older multi-year ice. There is also ...
... and sea ice exchanges with neighboring regions. Sea ice thickness and concentrations of multi-year ice are decreasing especially along the slope and deeper offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea and adjacent regions. These reductions are mainly a result of losses of older multi-year ice. There is also ...
AAR-Ch11 - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... perturbation in the energy budget, amplifying warming in the Arctic. This warming is transferred globally and, at the same time, feeds back regionally to further reduce snow and ice extent. Concurrently, as temperature rises the air is able to hold more moisture which increases the greenhouse effect ...
... perturbation in the energy budget, amplifying warming in the Arctic. This warming is transferred globally and, at the same time, feeds back regionally to further reduce snow and ice extent. Concurrently, as temperature rises the air is able to hold more moisture which increases the greenhouse effect ...
Frontline Observations on Climate Change and
... Preliminary results suggest that the IMTA pilot should be expanded throughout the YSLME and into other Asian LMEs, where applications could provide job opportunities and food security. The pilot IMTA project proved to be highly energy efficient and optimized the carrying capacity of coastal embaymen ...
... Preliminary results suggest that the IMTA pilot should be expanded throughout the YSLME and into other Asian LMEs, where applications could provide job opportunities and food security. The pilot IMTA project proved to be highly energy efficient and optimized the carrying capacity of coastal embaymen ...
The Cryosphere
... masses (varying from small cirque glaciers, valley glaciers, to the outlets of large ice caps and ice fields), except for the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. We also include glaciers on Greenland and Antarctica that are not part of, or attached to, the main ice sheets. Because the main goal ...
... masses (varying from small cirque glaciers, valley glaciers, to the outlets of large ice caps and ice fields), except for the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. We also include glaciers on Greenland and Antarctica that are not part of, or attached to, the main ice sheets. Because the main goal ...
illuminating earth`s
... fundamental problems, as summarized below. Climate and Ocean Change targets one of society’s most pressing questions—how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Even at the decadal scale, climate trends are difficult to predict. If, as some say, huma ...
... fundamental problems, as summarized below. Climate and Ocean Change targets one of society’s most pressing questions—how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Even at the decadal scale, climate trends are difficult to predict. If, as some say, huma ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.