KNMI`14: Climate Change scenarios for the 21st Century – A
... Climate, defined as the “average weather including its statistical distribution”, varies spatially and is variable at all time scales. The origin of these variations varies strongly, ranging from fluctuations in the solar radiance, the Earth-Sun geometry, volcanic disturbances of the atmospheric aer ...
... Climate, defined as the “average weather including its statistical distribution”, varies spatially and is variable at all time scales. The origin of these variations varies strongly, ranging from fluctuations in the solar radiance, the Earth-Sun geometry, volcanic disturbances of the atmospheric aer ...
Antarctic life: Highly diverse, unusually structured
... improved understanding of the evolution of unusual groups such as the acorn worms. Individuals collected along the West Antarctic Peninsula and in the Ross Sea live in secreted translucent tubes, making them similar to acorn worms of the Middle Cambrian, demonstrating conservation of this behaviour ...
... improved understanding of the evolution of unusual groups such as the acorn worms. Individuals collected along the West Antarctic Peninsula and in the Ross Sea live in secreted translucent tubes, making them similar to acorn worms of the Middle Cambrian, demonstrating conservation of this behaviour ...
CURRICULUM VITAE Andrew Dale Ashton Coastal Geomorphologist
... climates. Coastal Sediments ’07, New Orleans, Louisiana, ASCE, p. 351-363. List, J.H. and Ashton, A.D. A circulation modeling approach for evaluating the conditions for shoreline instabilities. Coastal Sediments ’07, New Orleans, Louisiana, ASCE, p. 327-340. Littlewood, R., Murray, A.B., and Ashton, ...
... climates. Coastal Sediments ’07, New Orleans, Louisiana, ASCE, p. 351-363. List, J.H. and Ashton, A.D. A circulation modeling approach for evaluating the conditions for shoreline instabilities. Coastal Sediments ’07, New Orleans, Louisiana, ASCE, p. 327-340. Littlewood, R., Murray, A.B., and Ashton, ...
PACES II Programme - Helmholtz
... The selection of research programmes mirrors the respective challenges. With regard to the regions analysed, these are on the one hand those substantially shaped by humanity, e.g. coastal regions, emission centres, areas with crucial functions in food production or in which people are exposed to spe ...
... The selection of research programmes mirrors the respective challenges. With regard to the regions analysed, these are on the one hand those substantially shaped by humanity, e.g. coastal regions, emission centres, areas with crucial functions in food production or in which people are exposed to spe ...
11. landscape control of high latitude lakes in a changing climate
... proglacial lakes (eg lakes Agassiz and Barlow-Ojibway) formed during the last deglaciation in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in areas surrounding Hudson Bay, Canada. Glacial retreat beyond certain threshold areas often resulted in catastrophic floods (eg the 8.2 ka event, Barber et al. 1999) th ...
... proglacial lakes (eg lakes Agassiz and Barlow-Ojibway) formed during the last deglaciation in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in areas surrounding Hudson Bay, Canada. Glacial retreat beyond certain threshold areas often resulted in catastrophic floods (eg the 8.2 ka event, Barber et al. 1999) th ...
The Glaciers of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region
... (Wake 1989). Hewitt and Young (1993) note that a very significant source of nourishment for many Himalayan glaciers is avalanche snow from the surrounding slopes. Reported trends in air temperature over recent decades vary across the region. In the central/eastern Himalayas, Shrestha et al. (1999) r ...
... (Wake 1989). Hewitt and Young (1993) note that a very significant source of nourishment for many Himalayan glaciers is avalanche snow from the surrounding slopes. Reported trends in air temperature over recent decades vary across the region. In the central/eastern Himalayas, Shrestha et al. (1999) r ...
Rising Waters Confab
... As a barrier island, Captiva will tend to change form and migrate under natural conditions, probably moving toward the mainland shore. This may happen in any event but there is much that we can do to postpone or even change this scenario. Of course we need to act, reducing emissions and finding ways ...
... As a barrier island, Captiva will tend to change form and migrate under natural conditions, probably moving toward the mainland shore. This may happen in any event but there is much that we can do to postpone or even change this scenario. Of course we need to act, reducing emissions and finding ways ...
Advancing Managed Retreat in New Zealand
... Sea level rise projections up until 2100 range from 0.5 to 1 metre4, but rises well in excess of 1 metre are still possible during this period5, particularly if accelerated polar ice sheet loss continues.6 Sea level rise will also continue beyond 2100, at a scale determined by the level of climate c ...
... Sea level rise projections up until 2100 range from 0.5 to 1 metre4, but rises well in excess of 1 metre are still possible during this period5, particularly if accelerated polar ice sheet loss continues.6 Sea level rise will also continue beyond 2100, at a scale determined by the level of climate c ...
Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean
... dramatic changes, with record low sea ice extent in summer, including a new record minimum set in 2012 (NSIDC, 2012), and the significant reduction of multiyear ice (Maslanik et al., 2011; NRC, 2012). Atmospheric warming is a dominant force in the melting of ice, but melting by warming from underlyi ...
... dramatic changes, with record low sea ice extent in summer, including a new record minimum set in 2012 (NSIDC, 2012), and the significant reduction of multiyear ice (Maslanik et al., 2011; NRC, 2012). Atmospheric warming is a dominant force in the melting of ice, but melting by warming from underlyi ...
Spatial Planning in Coastal Regions
... coastal managers, planners, land professionals, practitioners and academics who are confronted with the problem of coastal adaptation to climate change. It acknowledged the pressure climate change places upon coastal zones and the urgent need for sustainable adaptation strategies to deal with the ef ...
... coastal managers, planners, land professionals, practitioners and academics who are confronted with the problem of coastal adaptation to climate change. It acknowledged the pressure climate change places upon coastal zones and the urgent need for sustainable adaptation strategies to deal with the ef ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.