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Review for Final Semester Exam
Review for Final Semester Exam

... 6. If you cross 2 parent plants that are both heterozygous for a trait, what percentage of the offspring will express the dominant trait? A. 100% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% 7. If you cross 2 parent plants that are both heterozygous for a trait, what percentage of the offspring will express the recessive t ...
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... Vertebrate animals have their unique backbone with the spinal cord. The backbone is a column of vertebrae, which are parts of their internal skeleton. The skeleton could be either bony or cartilaginous. Among members of the Chordates, they are the largest group including Birds, Mammals, Fish, Amphib ...
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...  Composed of tubular filaments (hyphae, nucleus=haploid), which form a network (mycelium). Some mycelium differentiate into fruiting bodies = mushrooms/puffballs/etc that we see. Purpose= provide protection, a durable enclosure, and a dispersal device for haploid spores.  Sexual reproduction: 1. P ...
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Science FCAT Review 2010 - Mr. Martin's 8th Grade Science

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... develop without being fertilized • Called Parthenogenesis • New offspring will be all female Parthenogenesis occurs in some fishes, several kinds of insects, and a few species of frogs and ...
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... INTERACTIONS IN ANIMALS These same animals can also reproduce through fragmentation, in which an organism’s body is broken into pieces, and some or all of these become separate individuals. The animal must be able to regenerate, or grow back, lost body parts, for fragmentation to occur. Parthenogen ...
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essential vocabulary for biology staar

... organs like the heart Tissue in animals that acts as a barrier on the exterior of the body or around an internal organ Deoxyribonucleic acid – the molecule that carries genetic information and instructions for the function of all cells Ribonucleic acid – a molecule similar to DNA that can be used in ...
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... Tissues and Organs continued •Conduction of Nerve Impulses While simple animals have little coordination among their nerve cells, complex animals have nerve cords and a brain with associated sensory structures. •Support While simple animals have a hydrostatic skeleton, complex animals have either an ...
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... form and tissues remain healthy • Leeches were used hundreds of years in medicine to take blood out of patients whose diseases were mistakenly believed to be caused by excess blood • Freshwater leeches live as external parasites and suck their blood • Earthworms are a source of food for numerous ani ...
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... After the menstrual stage ( menstration) lasts from first 4 to 5 days, the pituitary gland secretes a hormene, FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone). It stimulates the ovaries to develop an egg and to release certain hormones. The various hormones released during the menstrual cycle and the changes ta ...
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Sex



Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits: specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits from each parent. Gametes can be identical in form and function (known as isogamy), but in many cases an asymmetry has evolved such that two sex-specific types of gametes (heterogametes) exist (known as anisogamy). By definition, male gametes are small, motile, and optimized to transport their genetic information over a distance, while female gametes are large, non-motile and contain the nutrients necessary for the early development of the young organism. Among humans and other mammals, males typically carry XY chromosomes, whereas females typically carry XX chromosomes, which are a part of the XY sex-determination system. Other animals have a sex-determination system as well, such as the ZW sex-determination system in birds, and the X0 sex-determination system in insects. The gametes produced by an organism are determined by its sex: males produce male gametes (spermatozoa, or sperm, in animals; pollen in plants) while females produce female gametes (ova, or egg cells); individual organisms which produce both male and female gametes are termed hermaphroditic. Frequently, physical differences are associated with the different sexes of an organism; these sexual dimorphisms can reflect the different reproductive pressures the sexes experience.
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