Cell fate specification and maintenance in the female gametophyte
... gametic cells within the embryo sac and on double fertilization. This double fertilization event is initiated by fusion of the central cell with one of the two sperm cells as well as fusion of the egg cell with the other sperm cell, which gives rise to the endosperm and the embryo, respectively. How ...
... gametic cells within the embryo sac and on double fertilization. This double fertilization event is initiated by fusion of the central cell with one of the two sperm cells as well as fusion of the egg cell with the other sperm cell, which gives rise to the endosperm and the embryo, respectively. How ...
HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND
... phloroglucinol-HCl (66). For large organs such as stems of Arabidopsis, free-hand sections stained with the dyes often give satisfactory anatomical images (92). For high resolution, thin or ultrathin sections should be sought (66). For observation of leaf venation pattern, leaves can be cleared with ...
... phloroglucinol-HCl (66). For large organs such as stems of Arabidopsis, free-hand sections stained with the dyes often give satisfactory anatomical images (92). For high resolution, thin or ultrathin sections should be sought (66). For observation of leaf venation pattern, leaves can be cleared with ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of
... that of the cytoplasmic streaming in the pollen tubes. This was later found to be a fragment of myosin formed during isolation by the action of proteases. Yokota and Shimmen (1994) succeeded in purifying intact myosin from lily pollen tubes by improving the purification procedure. One of the most im ...
... that of the cytoplasmic streaming in the pollen tubes. This was later found to be a fragment of myosin formed during isolation by the action of proteases. Yokota and Shimmen (1994) succeeded in purifying intact myosin from lily pollen tubes by improving the purification procedure. One of the most im ...
Multiple post-translational modifications regulate E
... to WGA agarose. As expected, treatment with TN prevented Nlinked glycosylation of E-cadherin and therefore decreased the molecular mass of the mature protein (Fig. 1A, lane 2, N). Although TN treatment abolished the binding of 120 kDa Ecadherin (Fig. 1A, lane 2, m) to WGA, a substantial fraction of ...
... to WGA agarose. As expected, treatment with TN prevented Nlinked glycosylation of E-cadherin and therefore decreased the molecular mass of the mature protein (Fig. 1A, lane 2, N). Although TN treatment abolished the binding of 120 kDa Ecadherin (Fig. 1A, lane 2, m) to WGA, a substantial fraction of ...
Cell behaviour and cleft palate in the mutant mouse
... 12-5 days, when they appear as a pair of parallel ridges growing down from either side of the roof of the buccal cavity (Fig. 1 a). That these are ridges can be seen at their posterior end where the knife has cut a glancing transverse section through the tissue. By the 14th day of development (14-5 ...
... 12-5 days, when they appear as a pair of parallel ridges growing down from either side of the roof of the buccal cavity (Fig. 1 a). That these are ridges can be seen at their posterior end where the knife has cut a glancing transverse section through the tissue. By the 14th day of development (14-5 ...
Multiple Functions of Kip-Related Protein5
... (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additional roles together with their function in the regulation of CDK activity. This hypothesis is supported by data obtained on CKI in mammals; it is now clear that these proteins fulfill many functions during development and r ...
... (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additional roles together with their function in the regulation of CDK activity. This hypothesis is supported by data obtained on CKI in mammals; it is now clear that these proteins fulfill many functions during development and r ...
Dual role of autophagy in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis Open Access
... * Correspondence: scott.killian@ucsf.edu Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 1270, 513, Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA ...
... * Correspondence: scott.killian@ucsf.edu Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 1270, 513, Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA ...
copyrighted material - Edinburgh Cell Wall Group
... identical to hemicelluloses but not hydrogen-bonded to cellulose can sometimes be solubilized with hot neutral water – for example, the bulk xyloglucan present in some seeds as ‘food reserves’. Another problem is that some hemicelluloses are covalently attached to pectins, resulting in hybrid polysa ...
... identical to hemicelluloses but not hydrogen-bonded to cellulose can sometimes be solubilized with hot neutral water – for example, the bulk xyloglucan present in some seeds as ‘food reserves’. Another problem is that some hemicelluloses are covalently attached to pectins, resulting in hybrid polysa ...
Neural control of hepatic lipid metabolism: A (patho - UvA-DARE
... noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord, but the individual contribution of each of these populations to the regional innervation of the spinal cord remains controversial. We have used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector encoding green fluorescent protein under an artificial dopamine beta-hy ...
... noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord, but the individual contribution of each of these populations to the regional innervation of the spinal cord remains controversial. We have used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector encoding green fluorescent protein under an artificial dopamine beta-hy ...
Dynamics of the Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Sizers, and Timers
... depends strongly on the strength of the feedback, whereas the period of limit cycle depends strongly on the time delay of negative feedback. The cell cycle checkpoint in this model is thus a Hopf bifurcation point, rather than a saddle-node bifurcation as in the models by Tyson and colleagues (Tyson ...
... depends strongly on the strength of the feedback, whereas the period of limit cycle depends strongly on the time delay of negative feedback. The cell cycle checkpoint in this model is thus a Hopf bifurcation point, rather than a saddle-node bifurcation as in the models by Tyson and colleagues (Tyson ...
Life, Death, and Cell Proliferation
... Programmed cell death or Apoptosis is a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The term apoptosis, from the Greek word for “falling off” of leaves from a tree, is used to describe a process in which a cell actively particip ...
... Programmed cell death or Apoptosis is a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The term apoptosis, from the Greek word for “falling off” of leaves from a tree, is used to describe a process in which a cell actively particip ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Dedicated to the memory of Andreas Müller (1935–1992), pioneer of genetic research on Arabidopsis embryogenesis. ...
... Dedicated to the memory of Andreas Müller (1935–1992), pioneer of genetic research on Arabidopsis embryogenesis. ...
Sucrose Cleavage Pathways in Aspen Wood
... In summary, localization studies in different species so far have revealed the association of SUS proteins with plasma membrane (Amor et al., 1995), cell wall (Brill et al., 2011), mitochondria, cytosol, nuclei (Subbaiah et al., 2006), plastid (Nunez et al., 2008), tonoplast (Etxeberria & Gonzalez, ...
... In summary, localization studies in different species so far have revealed the association of SUS proteins with plasma membrane (Amor et al., 1995), cell wall (Brill et al., 2011), mitochondria, cytosol, nuclei (Subbaiah et al., 2006), plastid (Nunez et al., 2008), tonoplast (Etxeberria & Gonzalez, ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... which they usually tightly bind onto the surface of cellulose via hydrogen bonds. Galactoglucomannan, glucomannan, arabinoglucoronoxylan, glucuronoxylan and xyloglucan (XG) are examples of common and abundant plant cell wall hemicelluloses [17]. In primary walls of dicotyledonous plants, XG is the m ...
... which they usually tightly bind onto the surface of cellulose via hydrogen bonds. Galactoglucomannan, glucomannan, arabinoglucoronoxylan, glucuronoxylan and xyloglucan (XG) are examples of common and abundant plant cell wall hemicelluloses [17]. In primary walls of dicotyledonous plants, XG is the m ...
cIAP-1 Controls Innate Immunity to C. pneumoniae Pulmonary
... function of IAPs in vivo is still unknown. XIAP is probably the only potent direct inhibitor of caspase-3, 7 or 9 [19], but an apoptosis related phenotype has not yet been identified in XIAP knockout mice [20]. A recent report suggests that IAPs are multifunctional signaling devices that influence i ...
... function of IAPs in vivo is still unknown. XIAP is probably the only potent direct inhibitor of caspase-3, 7 or 9 [19], but an apoptosis related phenotype has not yet been identified in XIAP knockout mice [20]. A recent report suggests that IAPs are multifunctional signaling devices that influence i ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... the stimulation of the conjugation of LC3-I to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to generate LC3-II. Expansion of the autophagosomal membrane is probably dependent on the supply of lipids by Atg9 that cycles between a peripheral pool and the growing isolation membrane or phagophore. The anti-apoptotic p ...
... the stimulation of the conjugation of LC3-I to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to generate LC3-II. Expansion of the autophagosomal membrane is probably dependent on the supply of lipids by Atg9 that cycles between a peripheral pool and the growing isolation membrane or phagophore. The anti-apoptotic p ...
Genetic Control of Fusion Pore Expansion in the Epidermis of
... al., 2002; Shemer and Podbilewicz, 2002, 2003; Witze and Rothman, 2002). Cell fusion functions to sculpt organs and to accomplish defined body shapes (Sharma-Kishore et al., 1999; Witze and Rothman, 2002; Shemer and Podbilewicz, 2003). eff-1 (epithelial fusion failure) was identified as a gene encod ...
... al., 2002; Shemer and Podbilewicz, 2002, 2003; Witze and Rothman, 2002). Cell fusion functions to sculpt organs and to accomplish defined body shapes (Sharma-Kishore et al., 1999; Witze and Rothman, 2002; Shemer and Podbilewicz, 2003). eff-1 (epithelial fusion failure) was identified as a gene encod ...
c-Myc Overexpression Increases Cell Size and Impairs Cartilage
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
6.3. La supervivencia de las motoneuronas espinales de pollo mantenidas
... The members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors (GDNF, neurturin, persephin, and artemin) are able to promote in vivo and in vitro survival of different neuronal populations, including spinal cord motoneurons. These factors signal via multicompone ...
... The members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors (GDNF, neurturin, persephin, and artemin) are able to promote in vivo and in vitro survival of different neuronal populations, including spinal cord motoneurons. These factors signal via multicompone ...
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?
... ghost-cell fusion and release from micropinocytotic vesicles [2, 22, 33, 44, 451. Others have also developed methods based on reversible cell swelling and special permeabilization media [46,47]. In contrast, the fluorescent indicators invented by Tsien (Fig. 1)are added to cells as their membrane pe ...
... ghost-cell fusion and release from micropinocytotic vesicles [2, 22, 33, 44, 451. Others have also developed methods based on reversible cell swelling and special permeabilization media [46,47]. In contrast, the fluorescent indicators invented by Tsien (Fig. 1)are added to cells as their membrane pe ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... designated it "theta cell" following the terminology of Romeis (16). In light microscope studies (17), theta cells were characterized by an eccentrically located nucleus, a cap-like limb showing marked basophilia at the cell periphery, and an extensive supranuclear region suggestive of the Golgi zon ...
... designated it "theta cell" following the terminology of Romeis (16). In light microscope studies (17), theta cells were characterized by an eccentrically located nucleus, a cap-like limb showing marked basophilia at the cell periphery, and an extensive supranuclear region suggestive of the Golgi zon ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.