Connecting signaling and cell cycle progression in growth
... A widely used model system to investigate cell proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling, which occurs im ...
... A widely used model system to investigate cell proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling, which occurs im ...
Slide 1
... Apoptosis also occurs in the mature organism in cells that are infected, damaged, or at the end of their functional lives ...
... Apoptosis also occurs in the mature organism in cells that are infected, damaged, or at the end of their functional lives ...
Impact of the cell lifecycle on bacteriophage T4 infection
... and the influence the cell cycle has on phage infection (Fig. 1). The cell age has been normalized such that 0 represents recently divided cells beginning their growth cycle and 1 indicates that all cells have completed their growth cycle (interdivision cycle + binary fission). The cell age was norm ...
... and the influence the cell cycle has on phage infection (Fig. 1). The cell age has been normalized such that 0 represents recently divided cells beginning their growth cycle and 1 indicates that all cells have completed their growth cycle (interdivision cycle + binary fission). The cell age was norm ...
Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy
... 1990). It has been demonstrated that at birth the ganglion cell layer of the rat retina is constituted almost entirely of ganglion cells (Perry et al., 1983; Rabacchi et al., 1994a). As the retina matures, an increasing proportion of the neurons in this layer is represented by amacrine cells, which ...
... 1990). It has been demonstrated that at birth the ganglion cell layer of the rat retina is constituted almost entirely of ganglion cells (Perry et al., 1983; Rabacchi et al., 1994a). As the retina matures, an increasing proportion of the neurons in this layer is represented by amacrine cells, which ...
Conjecture: Can Continuous Regeneration Lead to Immortality
... as the head, tentacles, and the foot and make up around 20% of the tissue, or are lost through their incorporation into newly forming buds4 making up 80% of the lost cell mass, as can been seen in Figure 1. Therefore, it is obvious that “old” cells do not persist for any length of time in the hydra ...
... as the head, tentacles, and the foot and make up around 20% of the tissue, or are lost through their incorporation into newly forming buds4 making up 80% of the lost cell mass, as can been seen in Figure 1. Therefore, it is obvious that “old” cells do not persist for any length of time in the hydra ...
A Long Twentieth Century of Review the Cell
... and partitioning of the hereditary material, that is replicating the chromosomal DNA during S phase and separating the replicated chromosomes during mitosis. Controls operate that regulate onset of these events and compensate for errors in their execution. The molecular basis of these controls is hi ...
... and partitioning of the hereditary material, that is replicating the chromosomal DNA during S phase and separating the replicated chromosomes during mitosis. Controls operate that regulate onset of these events and compensate for errors in their execution. The molecular basis of these controls is hi ...
Cell polarity in early C. elegans development
... The blastomere repositioning experiments of Priess and Thompson (1987) and Wood (1991) discussed above suggested that AB cell fates are established largely via inductions. Induction has also been found to be required for establishment of gut fate in the E lineage, via an induction which functionally ...
... The blastomere repositioning experiments of Priess and Thompson (1987) and Wood (1991) discussed above suggested that AB cell fates are established largely via inductions. Induction has also been found to be required for establishment of gut fate in the E lineage, via an induction which functionally ...
Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Au
... fibroblasts was sufficient to induce the onset of constitutive autophagy as well as the development of senescence [22]. On the contrary, it was also found that autophagy impairment induced premature senescence in primary human fibroblasts [23]. Most researches focused on the relationship of between ...
... fibroblasts was sufficient to induce the onset of constitutive autophagy as well as the development of senescence [22]. On the contrary, it was also found that autophagy impairment induced premature senescence in primary human fibroblasts [23]. Most researches focused on the relationship of between ...
Supplementation of Animal Cell Culture Media
... basic factors include the source animal species; age of animals at the time of collection; geographic origins; the means of blood collection and processing; and a number of postproduction quality control (QC) and lot-designation considerations. For specific cell line and culture purposes, factors to ...
... basic factors include the source animal species; age of animals at the time of collection; geographic origins; the means of blood collection and processing; and a number of postproduction quality control (QC) and lot-designation considerations. For specific cell line and culture purposes, factors to ...
The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in Regulating Cell Wall Function1
... the largest group of RLKs encoded by higher plant genomes. The Arabidopsis LRR-RLK family is composed of 216 genes distributed among 13 different subfamilies (Shiu and Bleecker, 2001). In animals, LRR proteins are important signaling components of many developmental and host defense pathways. Howeve ...
... the largest group of RLKs encoded by higher plant genomes. The Arabidopsis LRR-RLK family is composed of 216 genes distributed among 13 different subfamilies (Shiu and Bleecker, 2001). In animals, LRR proteins are important signaling components of many developmental and host defense pathways. Howeve ...
The FRA1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule
... with decreased anisotropy, we first examined pith cells in the apical (growing) region of the inflorescence stem. Note that while the epidermis is argued to play a starring role in controlling the rate of stem elongation, pith cells command the spotlight for anisotropy (Baskin and Jensen, 2013). The ...
... with decreased anisotropy, we first examined pith cells in the apical (growing) region of the inflorescence stem. Note that while the epidermis is argued to play a starring role in controlling the rate of stem elongation, pith cells command the spotlight for anisotropy (Baskin and Jensen, 2013). The ...
Universal Quantifier Derived from AFM Analysis Links Cellular
... using a plate reader (Synergy HT Multi-Mode, Biotech, Winooski, VT). Immediately after centrifuging at 650 × g for 2 min, the optical density of the carefully pipetted supernatant was measured again as ODs. The aggregation index is defined as ...
... using a plate reader (Synergy HT Multi-Mode, Biotech, Winooski, VT). Immediately after centrifuging at 650 × g for 2 min, the optical density of the carefully pipetted supernatant was measured again as ODs. The aggregation index is defined as ...
A Membrane-Bound NAC Transcription Factor Regulates Cell
... growth hormone signaling and cell cycling (Deshaies, 1999; Hellman and Estelle, 2002; Risseeuw et al., 2003; Vierstra, 2003). Auxins direct the degradation of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA) proteins that act as auxin signaling repressors. The SCF complex containing the TIR1 F-box protein provo ...
... growth hormone signaling and cell cycling (Deshaies, 1999; Hellman and Estelle, 2002; Risseeuw et al., 2003; Vierstra, 2003). Auxins direct the degradation of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA) proteins that act as auxin signaling repressors. The SCF complex containing the TIR1 F-box protein provo ...
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and Peptide
... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
Ch07a_EHAP
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis in Plant Cells
... 20 min, the oligogalacturonide had accumulated on the cell surface (Figures 2c and 2d), and by 2 hr, most of the elicitor was internalized (Figures 2g and 2h). This similar behavior, despite the probable differences in chemical nature between the two elicitors, suggests that plant cells may remove d ...
... 20 min, the oligogalacturonide had accumulated on the cell surface (Figures 2c and 2d), and by 2 hr, most of the elicitor was internalized (Figures 2g and 2h). This similar behavior, despite the probable differences in chemical nature between the two elicitors, suggests that plant cells may remove d ...
Ran on tracks – cytoplasmic roles for a nuclear regulator
... direct binding of Ran to the VAB1 intracellular domain (Cheng et al., 2008). In T. gondii, Ran is distributed throughout the parasite cytoplasm, rather than concentrating in and around the nucleus (Frankel and Knoll, 2008). Thus, Ran and Ran-binding proteins are directly implicated in diverse cytopl ...
... direct binding of Ran to the VAB1 intracellular domain (Cheng et al., 2008). In T. gondii, Ran is distributed throughout the parasite cytoplasm, rather than concentrating in and around the nucleus (Frankel and Knoll, 2008). Thus, Ran and Ran-binding proteins are directly implicated in diverse cytopl ...
growth polarity and cytokinesis in fission yeast: the role of the
... position (Bush et al. 1974; Horisberger & Rouvet-Vauthey, 1985). In fungi this requires the mobilization of vesicles containing wall precursors to the growing region (M cClure et al. 1968; Grove, 1978). Vesicles associated with the poles and septa of S.pombe cells have been reported (OuleveyeZ al. 1 ...
... position (Bush et al. 1974; Horisberger & Rouvet-Vauthey, 1985). In fungi this requires the mobilization of vesicles containing wall precursors to the growing region (M cClure et al. 1968; Grove, 1978). Vesicles associated with the poles and septa of S.pombe cells have been reported (OuleveyeZ al. 1 ...
TSO1 functions in cell division during Arabidopsis flower development
... mutants develop carpels in whorl 1 characterized by stigmatic tissues and thick carpel walls (Fig. 4D; Bowman et al., 1991). In ap2-1 tso1-1 double mutants, whorl 1 organs are leaf-like with branched trichomes (Fig. 4B,C), while in ap2-2 tso1-1 double mutants, whorl 1 organs exhibit carpelloid featu ...
... mutants develop carpels in whorl 1 characterized by stigmatic tissues and thick carpel walls (Fig. 4D; Bowman et al., 1991). In ap2-1 tso1-1 double mutants, whorl 1 organs are leaf-like with branched trichomes (Fig. 4B,C), while in ap2-2 tso1-1 double mutants, whorl 1 organs exhibit carpelloid featu ...
Mader 11 ch 4 Cell Structure and Function
... – Produced by Golgi apparatus – over 40 types of enzymes – Function to: • digest bacteria, viruses, toxins • degrade worn out cell parts • break down non useful fetal tissue – no longer thought true (programmed cell death instead) ...
... – Produced by Golgi apparatus – over 40 types of enzymes – Function to: • digest bacteria, viruses, toxins • degrade worn out cell parts • break down non useful fetal tissue – no longer thought true (programmed cell death instead) ...
Laser-Micropipet Combination for Single-Cell Analysis
... prior to sampling. For nonadherent cells, the use of electroosmotic flow (EOF) to move the cell into the capillary inlet may impact the cellular process to be measured. A large body of literature exists on the biological effects of electric fields.16-19 Electric fields as low as 1-15 V/cm can cause ...
... prior to sampling. For nonadherent cells, the use of electroosmotic flow (EOF) to move the cell into the capillary inlet may impact the cellular process to be measured. A large body of literature exists on the biological effects of electric fields.16-19 Electric fields as low as 1-15 V/cm can cause ...
The Sinorhizobium meliloti sensor histidine kinase
... Together, these observations suggest that PdhS functions as a kinase to phosphorylate DivK, which thereby has an impact on CtrA activity and cell cycle progression. Loss of function for the A. tumefaciens cbrA orthologue, pdhS1, also results in a filamentation phenotype (Kim et al. 2013), although i ...
... Together, these observations suggest that PdhS functions as a kinase to phosphorylate DivK, which thereby has an impact on CtrA activity and cell cycle progression. Loss of function for the A. tumefaciens cbrA orthologue, pdhS1, also results in a filamentation phenotype (Kim et al. 2013), although i ...
Lesson Overview
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and
... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.