Marking cell lineages in living tissues
... either almost all cells within the LRP were marked (Figure 3a,b), or marking was confined to a basal group of cells displaced from the centre axis of the lateral root (Figure 3c,d). The first visible sign of LRP formation occurred in three axially adjacent pericycle files when several transverse div ...
... either almost all cells within the LRP were marked (Figure 3a,b), or marking was confined to a basal group of cells displaced from the centre axis of the lateral root (Figure 3c,d). The first visible sign of LRP formation occurred in three axially adjacent pericycle files when several transverse div ...
A commentary on the G2/M transition of the plant cell cycle
... Francis — The G2/M transition of the plant cell cycle Based on a detailed analysis of CDKs at G2/M it might be that there are molecular circuits in plants which regulate the G2/M transition in the absence of the classic phosphoregulatory mechanisms exhibited by all other eukaryotes (Dissmeyer et al ...
... Francis — The G2/M transition of the plant cell cycle Based on a detailed analysis of CDKs at G2/M it might be that there are molecular circuits in plants which regulate the G2/M transition in the absence of the classic phosphoregulatory mechanisms exhibited by all other eukaryotes (Dissmeyer et al ...
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells
... to have an overlapping tissue distribution in the mouse (Gumienny et al., 2001). However, in situ studies of ELMO1 and ELMO2 in the mouse brain suggest these proteins play cell-type-specific roles (Katoh et al., 2006a). The regulation of ELMO-Dock180 activation appears surprisingly complex. Prelimin ...
... to have an overlapping tissue distribution in the mouse (Gumienny et al., 2001). However, in situ studies of ELMO1 and ELMO2 in the mouse brain suggest these proteins play cell-type-specific roles (Katoh et al., 2006a). The regulation of ELMO-Dock180 activation appears surprisingly complex. Prelimin ...
Death of developing neurons: New insights and implications for
... by decades of research on nerve growth factor (NGF) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Recent discoveries now help to understand why only some developing neurons selectively depend on NGF. They also indicate that the survival of most neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is not simply reg ...
... by decades of research on nerve growth factor (NGF) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Recent discoveries now help to understand why only some developing neurons selectively depend on NGF. They also indicate that the survival of most neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is not simply reg ...
Lysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death
... The involvement of lysosomes in apoptosis as suggested by several studies is still highly debatable (for a review, see [1]). Lysosome-mediated apoptosis would result from a destabilization of the lysosomal membrane causing a release of cathepsins into the cytosol. These proteases would stimulate the ...
... The involvement of lysosomes in apoptosis as suggested by several studies is still highly debatable (for a review, see [1]). Lysosome-mediated apoptosis would result from a destabilization of the lysosomal membrane causing a release of cathepsins into the cytosol. These proteases would stimulate the ...
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana
... tabacum to study cell-cycle regulation in this model plant (Table I). The 1656-bp fragment isolated from a tobacco cell-suspension cDNA library has been identified as a cyclin cDNA with respect to its sequence similarity with other yeast, animal, and plant cyclins yet characterized. This cDNA sequen ...
... tabacum to study cell-cycle regulation in this model plant (Table I). The 1656-bp fragment isolated from a tobacco cell-suspension cDNA library has been identified as a cyclin cDNA with respect to its sequence similarity with other yeast, animal, and plant cyclins yet characterized. This cDNA sequen ...
When Cells Tell Their Neighbors Which Direction to Divide
... required for the normal execution of the inducing cell’s fate; in fact, the pie-1 gene, which is necessary for normal execution of the P2 cell’s fate (Mello et al., 1992), is required for normal spindle orientation in P2-EMS cell pairs (BG, unpublished communication). What Is at the Cortical Site Da ...
... required for the normal execution of the inducing cell’s fate; in fact, the pie-1 gene, which is necessary for normal execution of the P2 cell’s fate (Mello et al., 1992), is required for normal spindle orientation in P2-EMS cell pairs (BG, unpublished communication). What Is at the Cortical Site Da ...
The Regulation of Glutaminolysis and Citric Acid Cycle Activity
... rate for extracellular glutamate (Glux ) and a release rate for extracellular ammonia (NHx4 ) as an extension to the model of Rehberg et al. (2013). In this segregated growth model, cells proceed through the classes i = 1, ..., 5 with increasing diameter until they reach the largest class and divide ...
... rate for extracellular glutamate (Glux ) and a release rate for extracellular ammonia (NHx4 ) as an extension to the model of Rehberg et al. (2013). In this segregated growth model, cells proceed through the classes i = 1, ..., 5 with increasing diameter until they reach the largest class and divide ...
Cell cycle regulation during early mouse embryogenesis.
... and the type of radiation used, two main conclusions can be drawn from the literature: i) whatever the age of the exposed embryo, radiations provoke changes in cell cycle parameters [32] and induce apoptosis [11,33,34] ii) sensitivity to irradiation is highly dependent on the developmental stage wh ...
... and the type of radiation used, two main conclusions can be drawn from the literature: i) whatever the age of the exposed embryo, radiations provoke changes in cell cycle parameters [32] and induce apoptosis [11,33,34] ii) sensitivity to irradiation is highly dependent on the developmental stage wh ...
Cell cycle parameters of hESC are highly similar to - HAL
... and the type of radiation used, two main conclusions can be drawn from the literature: i) whatever the age of the exposed embryo, radiations provoke changes in cell cycle parameters [32] and induce apoptosis [11,33,34] ii) sensitivity to irradiation is highly dependent on the developmental stage wh ...
... and the type of radiation used, two main conclusions can be drawn from the literature: i) whatever the age of the exposed embryo, radiations provoke changes in cell cycle parameters [32] and induce apoptosis [11,33,34] ii) sensitivity to irradiation is highly dependent on the developmental stage wh ...
Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death
... death that occurs during stroke in mammals (Hall et al., 1997; Lee et al., 1999; Nicotera et al., 1999). Thus, vertebrates and C. elegans share a death mechanism that involves the hyperactivation of ion channels. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a threshold of ion influx is ...
... death that occurs during stroke in mammals (Hall et al., 1997; Lee et al., 1999; Nicotera et al., 1999). Thus, vertebrates and C. elegans share a death mechanism that involves the hyperactivation of ion channels. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a threshold of ion influx is ...
The Cell - University of South Carolina
... A mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membraneenclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 0.5 to 10 micrometers (µm) in diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triph ...
... A mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membraneenclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 0.5 to 10 micrometers (µm) in diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triph ...
The Plant Secretory Pathway: An Essential
... cell wall materials have been generating valuable information for diverse practical applications. Nonetheless, the identity of the endomembrane components necessary for the transport of cell wall enzymes and polysaccharides is not well known. Evidence indicates that plant cells can accomplish secret ...
... cell wall materials have been generating valuable information for diverse practical applications. Nonetheless, the identity of the endomembrane components necessary for the transport of cell wall enzymes and polysaccharides is not well known. Evidence indicates that plant cells can accomplish secret ...
Lymphoblastoid cell lines: a continuous in vitro source of
... to as latency III (2). The role of EBV latent genes has been confirmed by recombinant EBV genetic analyses with in vitro B lymphocyte transformation assays. Studies using recombinant EBV revealed Fig 1. Schematic representation of transformation of B lymphocytes with EBV Detail of all the steps invo ...
... to as latency III (2). The role of EBV latent genes has been confirmed by recombinant EBV genetic analyses with in vitro B lymphocyte transformation assays. Studies using recombinant EBV revealed Fig 1. Schematic representation of transformation of B lymphocytes with EBV Detail of all the steps invo ...
to get the file - Chair of Computational Biology
... In the limiting case, where all constraints on the metabolic network are known, such as the enzyme kinetics and gene regulation, the feasible set may be reduced to a single point. This single point must lie within the feasible set. 15. Lecture WS 2012/13 ...
... In the limiting case, where all constraints on the metabolic network are known, such as the enzyme kinetics and gene regulation, the feasible set may be reduced to a single point. This single point must lie within the feasible set. 15. Lecture WS 2012/13 ...
What the Distribution of Cell Lengths in the Root Meristem Does and
... tissue in the root meristem contains ®les with distinct distributions of cell length (that is, ®les with long cells and ®les with short cells). These data suggest that, for all ®les, the ratio of the length of mitotic cells to length of postmitotic cells was constant, indicating a constant cell cycl ...
... tissue in the root meristem contains ®les with distinct distributions of cell length (that is, ®les with long cells and ®les with short cells). These data suggest that, for all ®les, the ratio of the length of mitotic cells to length of postmitotic cells was constant, indicating a constant cell cycl ...
Targets of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors: Key for
... desired gene (in the case of tumor suppressors); d) ability to cause morphological transformation and/or unlimited growth (oncogenes) or suppression of cell growth and/or manifestations of transformation (tumor suppressors) in cultivated cells in vitro. The last two decades are characterized by the ...
... desired gene (in the case of tumor suppressors); d) ability to cause morphological transformation and/or unlimited growth (oncogenes) or suppression of cell growth and/or manifestations of transformation (tumor suppressors) in cultivated cells in vitro. The last two decades are characterized by the ...
Microbiology An Introduction 10e Tortora, Funke and Case Outline
... Eukaryotic cells are highly compartmentalized. A large surface-to-volume ratio, as seen in smaller prokaryotic cells, means that nutrients can easily and rapidly reach any part of the cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means n ...
... Eukaryotic cells are highly compartmentalized. A large surface-to-volume ratio, as seen in smaller prokaryotic cells, means that nutrients can easily and rapidly reach any part of the cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means n ...
Skin and bones: the bacterial cytoskeleton, cell wall, and cell
... There are little data about how a cytoskeletal structure might produce a curved or helical shape, and, thus, current models are largely theoretical. One model states that a cytoplasmic fiber attached to the cell envelope will produce a curved or helical shape if the filament either actively shortens ...
... There are little data about how a cytoskeletal structure might produce a curved or helical shape, and, thus, current models are largely theoretical. One model states that a cytoplasmic fiber attached to the cell envelope will produce a curved or helical shape if the filament either actively shortens ...
The Wall Becomes Surmountable
... pectin. Raimund Tenhaken (University of Kaiserlautern, Germany) reported on the occurrence of three newly discovered isoforms of UDP-Glu dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. Using reporter genes, they found a developmentally regulated expression of these isoforms that suggests that the genes are expressed ...
... pectin. Raimund Tenhaken (University of Kaiserlautern, Germany) reported on the occurrence of three newly discovered isoforms of UDP-Glu dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. Using reporter genes, they found a developmentally regulated expression of these isoforms that suggests that the genes are expressed ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... and cells. Flemming being a pathologist, the main aim he proclaimed in his pioneering paper was to establish cytological criteria by which cells integrated into tissues could be distinguished from rampant cells, He found that tissue cells (e.g, those in his newt epithelia) when dividing exhibited on ...
... and cells. Flemming being a pathologist, the main aim he proclaimed in his pioneering paper was to establish cytological criteria by which cells integrated into tissues could be distinguished from rampant cells, He found that tissue cells (e.g, those in his newt epithelia) when dividing exhibited on ...
Stem cells: the intestinal stem cell as a paradigm
... increases, whereas the production of one stem cell with one daughter that differentiates is termed an ‘asymmetric division’. This is thought to be the average response under normal conditions and results in a stable stem cell population. If both cells go on to differentiate then the stem cell from w ...
... increases, whereas the production of one stem cell with one daughter that differentiates is termed an ‘asymmetric division’. This is thought to be the average response under normal conditions and results in a stable stem cell population. If both cells go on to differentiate then the stem cell from w ...
Unit 3 Biology 7
... the dying cell. These phagocytes then engulf the fragments. They also secrete cytokines, which are compounds that inhibit inflammation, so that surrounding cells are not damaged in the way that neighbouring cells can be with necrosis. The process is summarised in figure 2.4b. Disease and apoptosis A ...
... the dying cell. These phagocytes then engulf the fragments. They also secrete cytokines, which are compounds that inhibit inflammation, so that surrounding cells are not damaged in the way that neighbouring cells can be with necrosis. The process is summarised in figure 2.4b. Disease and apoptosis A ...
University of Birmingham Leptomycin B induces apoptosis in cells
... double-stranded DNA viruses contain a circular 8 kb genome encoding only eight genes, which are subdivided into early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7) and late (L1 and L2) genes (reviewed in ref. 1). The varying ability of the different HPV types to induce either benign lesions or anogenital neoplasia ha ...
... double-stranded DNA viruses contain a circular 8 kb genome encoding only eight genes, which are subdivided into early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7) and late (L1 and L2) genes (reviewed in ref. 1). The varying ability of the different HPV types to induce either benign lesions or anogenital neoplasia ha ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.