changes in the ultrastructure of capsicum annuum l. seedlings roots
... more numerous, vacuoles containing electron-opaque formations (Figs 7, 8), similar to those described in the vacuoles of the cap. The lobate cell nuclei had irregular, folded contours with deep invaginations (Fig. 8), and at some place a partial degradation of the nucleus membrane occurred (Fig. 9). ...
... more numerous, vacuoles containing electron-opaque formations (Figs 7, 8), similar to those described in the vacuoles of the cap. The lobate cell nuclei had irregular, folded contours with deep invaginations (Fig. 8), and at some place a partial degradation of the nucleus membrane occurred (Fig. 9). ...
University of Birmingham Leptomycin B induces apoptosis in cells
... double-stranded DNA viruses contain a circular 8 kb genome encoding only eight genes, which are subdivided into early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7) and late (L1 and L2) genes (reviewed in ref. 1). The varying ability of the different HPV types to induce either benign lesions or anogenital neoplasia ha ...
... double-stranded DNA viruses contain a circular 8 kb genome encoding only eight genes, which are subdivided into early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7) and late (L1 and L2) genes (reviewed in ref. 1). The varying ability of the different HPV types to induce either benign lesions or anogenital neoplasia ha ...
Diatom cell division in an environmental context
... Overview of the diatom cell cycle. Diatoms divide principally asexually, through mitosis (a–g). The process includes several unique features [1], as highlighted in the figure. Diatom cells are confined within a rigid glass house consisting of two silicified valves organized with the smaller fittin ...
... Overview of the diatom cell cycle. Diatoms divide principally asexually, through mitosis (a–g). The process includes several unique features [1], as highlighted in the figure. Diatom cells are confined within a rigid glass house consisting of two silicified valves organized with the smaller fittin ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... • Periclinal = perpendicular to surface: get longer • Anticlinal = parallel to surface: add more layers Now must decide which way to elongate: which walls to stretch ...
... • Periclinal = perpendicular to surface: get longer • Anticlinal = parallel to surface: add more layers Now must decide which way to elongate: which walls to stretch ...
The Bacterial Cytoskeleton
... The first insight into the fine structure of the Z ring in vivo has recently been provided with the use of a relatively new technique known as electron cryotomography (ECT). ECT employs a rapid freezing (cryofixation) approach for sample preparation, which preserves the natural organisation of the c ...
... The first insight into the fine structure of the Z ring in vivo has recently been provided with the use of a relatively new technique known as electron cryotomography (ECT). ECT employs a rapid freezing (cryofixation) approach for sample preparation, which preserves the natural organisation of the c ...
Cell walls
... b-(1, 3)-glucan is a minor component of plant tissue, but it is important in plant disease resistance because it occurs primarily in cell wall appositions and papillae in the form of callose in response to fungal penetration. Many pathogens produce b-(1, 3)-glucanase to degrade b(1, 3)-glucane. ...
... b-(1, 3)-glucan is a minor component of plant tissue, but it is important in plant disease resistance because it occurs primarily in cell wall appositions and papillae in the form of callose in response to fungal penetration. Many pathogens produce b-(1, 3)-glucanase to degrade b(1, 3)-glucane. ...
Cell Wall
... Cell Wall • Typical component of plant cell that fixes the size and shape of the mature plant cell. • The kind of cell wall present determines the texture of a tissue. Plant Anatomy 254 Rjaa Abueideh Cell Wall Lec No3 ...
... Cell Wall • Typical component of plant cell that fixes the size and shape of the mature plant cell. • The kind of cell wall present determines the texture of a tissue. Plant Anatomy 254 Rjaa Abueideh Cell Wall Lec No3 ...
Mathematical model of the cell division cycle of fission yeast
... large.24 Without such a coordinating mechanism, cells cannot be kept alive over the long term. In fact, mutant fission yeast cells lacking this coordination die because they become either too large (cdc2 ⫺ ) or too small (wee1 ⫺ rum1⌬). How cytoplasmic mass exerts its control over the cell cycle eng ...
... large.24 Without such a coordinating mechanism, cells cannot be kept alive over the long term. In fact, mutant fission yeast cells lacking this coordination die because they become either too large (cdc2 ⫺ ) or too small (wee1 ⫺ rum1⌬). How cytoplasmic mass exerts its control over the cell cycle eng ...
Nod factor internalization and microtubular
... In legumes such as alfalfa and vetch, the nodule meristem remains active for several weeks, thus leading to the formation of elongated indeterminate nodules comprising central and peripheral tissues. Histologically, central tissues are organized into five well-defined zones: the apical meristematic ...
... In legumes such as alfalfa and vetch, the nodule meristem remains active for several weeks, thus leading to the formation of elongated indeterminate nodules comprising central and peripheral tissues. Histologically, central tissues are organized into five well-defined zones: the apical meristematic ...
Essential embryonic roles of the CKI-1 cyclin
... Smith and Rothman, 1998; Rose and Kemphues, 1998; Labouesse and Mango, 1999), the factors that respond to specification cues and cause cells to divide and arrest division at the appropriate time have been largely unexplored. Here we report the embryonic function of the C. elegans cki-1 and cki-2 gen ...
... Smith and Rothman, 1998; Rose and Kemphues, 1998; Labouesse and Mango, 1999), the factors that respond to specification cues and cause cells to divide and arrest division at the appropriate time have been largely unexplored. Here we report the embryonic function of the C. elegans cki-1 and cki-2 gen ...
Lesson Plans for the Animal Cell
... cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. It is represented by the plastic bag. centrosome - a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. This is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divid ...
... cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. It is represented by the plastic bag. centrosome - a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. This is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divid ...
chapter 10 slides
... after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
SPIRAL1 Encodes a Plant-Specific Microtubule
... SPR1 Protein Is Colocalized with Cortical MTs Because SPR1 protein sequence analysis did not provide information on likely functions, we sought to determine where the SPR1 protein is localized in Arabidopsis cells. To this end, we created transgenic plants that expressed a SPR1:GFP fusion protein un ...
... SPR1 Protein Is Colocalized with Cortical MTs Because SPR1 protein sequence analysis did not provide information on likely functions, we sought to determine where the SPR1 protein is localized in Arabidopsis cells. To this end, we created transgenic plants that expressed a SPR1:GFP fusion protein un ...
BTEC Unit 1 Assignment 2 Task 5 D2 Comparing
... presence of certain numbers of cell components influences the function of tissues. For example, consideration of the effect a large number of mitochondria in a tissue may have on its function. Different tissue types should be considered. Keywords - cell membrane; cell wall; nucleus; nucleolus; cytop ...
... presence of certain numbers of cell components influences the function of tissues. For example, consideration of the effect a large number of mitochondria in a tissue may have on its function. Different tissue types should be considered. Keywords - cell membrane; cell wall; nucleus; nucleolus; cytop ...
7.2 Cell Structure
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... There are two types of ER—rough and smooth. The portion of the ER involved in protein synthesis is called rough endoplasmic reticulum, or rough ER. Ribosomes are found on the surface of rough ER. Rough ER is abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export. ...
... There are two types of ER—rough and smooth. The portion of the ER involved in protein synthesis is called rough endoplasmic reticulum, or rough ER. Ribosomes are found on the surface of rough ER. Rough ER is abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export. ...
Genetic Control of Programmed Cell Death in the Nematode C
... can be observed. For example, ted-3 mutants have several extra cells in the anterior bulb of the pharynx (Figure 5; also see below). Again, the number of these cells is consistent with the survival of cells that would normally die in lineages that contribute to this structure. ted-3 mutations appear ...
... can be observed. For example, ted-3 mutants have several extra cells in the anterior bulb of the pharynx (Figure 5; also see below). Again, the number of these cells is consistent with the survival of cells that would normally die in lineages that contribute to this structure. ted-3 mutations appear ...
gamete interaction in flowering plants
... possibility of identifying both male and female gametespecific expressed genes [19,22–28]. Respective promoters now serve as valuable tools to drive expression of fluorescent proteins in Arabidopsis gametes, enabling live imaging of the fertilization process. Figure 2 shows the events following sper ...
... possibility of identifying both male and female gametespecific expressed genes [19,22–28]. Respective promoters now serve as valuable tools to drive expression of fluorescent proteins in Arabidopsis gametes, enabling live imaging of the fertilization process. Figure 2 shows the events following sper ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... Lysosomes are small organelles filled with enzymes. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
IRIC NEXT GENERATION INTERNSHIP AWARDS
... degradation, NF-κB translocates into the nucleus, where it activates transcription of genes encoding stressresponse enzymes, cell-adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and antiapoptotic proteins. Recently, IkB has been found to interact with β−arrestins (βarr). The βarr are multifunctional ...
... degradation, NF-κB translocates into the nucleus, where it activates transcription of genes encoding stressresponse enzymes, cell-adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and antiapoptotic proteins. Recently, IkB has been found to interact with β−arrestins (βarr). The βarr are multifunctional ...
The Rice TAL Effector–Dependent Resistance
... a small protein that localizes to the apoplast of rice cells and Xa27 expression strictly depends on the cognate TAL effector AvrXa27 (Gu et al., 2005). Xa27 elicits an HR in rice (Gu et al., 2005). The pepper R gene Bs3 confers resistance to strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria containi ...
... a small protein that localizes to the apoplast of rice cells and Xa27 expression strictly depends on the cognate TAL effector AvrXa27 (Gu et al., 2005). Xa27 elicits an HR in rice (Gu et al., 2005). The pepper R gene Bs3 confers resistance to strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria containi ...
Synthesis of a Callosic Substance during Rhizoid Differentiation in
... Growth and morphogenesis of plants proceeds via control of both cell division and cell expansion. Higher plants composed of complex tissues are not always suitable material for studying these processes at the cellular level. Aquatic algae, with their simpler morphology, can be more appropriate for s ...
... Growth and morphogenesis of plants proceeds via control of both cell division and cell expansion. Higher plants composed of complex tissues are not always suitable material for studying these processes at the cellular level. Aquatic algae, with their simpler morphology, can be more appropriate for s ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... in plants [72,73], whether it nucleates or makes branched networks has not yet been established. In yeast, Arp2/3 function regulates cortical actin patch assembly [70], whereas in mammalian cells it is required for the branching filamentous networks underlying the leading edge of motile cells [74]. ...
... in plants [72,73], whether it nucleates or makes branched networks has not yet been established. In yeast, Arp2/3 function regulates cortical actin patch assembly [70], whereas in mammalian cells it is required for the branching filamentous networks underlying the leading edge of motile cells [74]. ...
PAR-1 activation by SFLLRNP decreases
... generated by the retraction of several oligodendrocyte processes from one cell, from multiple cells, or were the result of cell death is not yet known. However, studies examining oligodendrocyte numbers and myelin production following PAR-1 ...
... generated by the retraction of several oligodendrocyte processes from one cell, from multiple cells, or were the result of cell death is not yet known. However, studies examining oligodendrocyte numbers and myelin production following PAR-1 ...
Smart thermoresponsive coatings and surfaces for tissue
... and this constitutes a major drawback of this cell harvesting method [6–10]. Moreover, from a tissue engineering perspective, the disruption of the newly formed tissue-like structures seems to be a backward step. Thermoresponsive substrates can be created so that cells adhere and proliferate at the ...
... and this constitutes a major drawback of this cell harvesting method [6–10]. Moreover, from a tissue engineering perspective, the disruption of the newly formed tissue-like structures seems to be a backward step. Thermoresponsive substrates can be created so that cells adhere and proliferate at the ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.