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MICROQUASARS
MICROQUASARS

... • PULSAR WIND MODEL: Power by rotational energy (Dubus, 2006) ...
Solutions
Solutions

... Mass is the fundamental property of stars that determines their evolution because mass sets the central pressure, temperature and density that controls the fusion rates and fusion rates determine luminosity, and lifetime. 2. Why do massive stars last for a short time as main sequence stars but low-m ...
STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION
STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION

... of gravity, the temperature increases. Momentum turns the irregular clump into a rotating disk. The central region is denser and forms the protostar. The nebular disk forms slower to become a planetary system. As the temperature and pressure in the center begin to increase, the pressure from the cor ...
Lecture 13 Main Sequence and Low Mass Evolution
Lecture 13 Main Sequence and Low Mass Evolution

... •  The
higher
the
mass,
the
shorter
its
life.
 •  Examples:
 Sun:
~
10
Billion
Years
 30
Msun
O‐star:
~
2
Million
years
 0.1
Msun
M‐star:
~
3
Trillion
years
 ...
AST 111 – Introduction to Astronomy
AST 111 – Introduction to Astronomy

... 5. Describe the interior and atmosphere of the sun, including the nuclear processes taking place in its core and surface phenomena (such as those that affect Earth). 6. Discuss how astronomers determine the basic properties of stars (such as distance from Earth, luminosity, mass, and diameter) and e ...
Lecture 10: Stellar Evolution
Lecture 10: Stellar Evolution

... stories of stars comes from comparing mathematical models of stars with observations •  Star clusters are particularly useful because they contain stars of different mass that were born about the same time ...
X-ray binaries
X-ray binaries

Lect16-3-28-and-30-1..
Lect16-3-28-and-30-1..

astronomy advisory panel strategy
astronomy advisory panel strategy

... sound statistical basis (e.g. Eddington, later GAIA), in the mid-term detection of terrestrial planets and spectroscopic studies of giant planetary atmospheres, and in the long term spectroscopic studies (Darwin, ELT) of nearby terrestrial planets to search for signatures of life. The whole field of ...
Stellar Evolution Review
Stellar Evolution Review

... d) They have a very small surface area. ...
{2.} and {4.}
{2.} and {4.}

... Constellations are the way that many learn about the sky and help as a memory aid to the stars that form the figures, the constellations did organize this endless wonder, our sky. As scientist looked longer at our sky they categorized stars and found that they could predict their movement, making an ...
Research proposal uploaded for ESO fellowship
Research proposal uploaded for ESO fellowship

... global star formation rate decline of the universe? Supernova feedback represents a long standing problem in galaxy formation model. Currently, toy models are used to treat supernova feedback, which are parametrized to reproduce the faint-end of the luminosity function (Cole et al. 2000; Guo et al. ...
lecture25
lecture25

... 4) there is too high a density in the spiral arms to create low-mass stars ...
proposed october viewing list
proposed october viewing list

... CS = Carbon Star, * = Video imaging optional, ** = Video imaging recommended ...
Power-point slides for Lecture 2
Power-point slides for Lecture 2

... on in a region that is stable by the strict Ledoux criterion but unstable by the Schwarzschild criterion. Generally it is thought that this process does not contribute appreciably to energy transport (which is by radiation diffusion in semiconvective zones), but it does slowly mix the composition. I ...
chapter16StarBirth
chapter16StarBirth

... • As contraction packs the molecules and dust particles of a cloud fragment closer together, it becomes harder for infrared and radio photons to escape • Thermal energy then begins to build up inside, increasing the internal pressure ...
The Milky Way
The Milky Way

... How can we measure the mass of the Milky Way? Why do stars behind dust clouds appear red? Why is the sky blue? Why are wavelengths of light outside the visible useful in studying the Milky Way? • How is the 21 cm line of Hydrogen produced? • Describe the spiral arms of the Milky Way and what ...
Editorial Introduction: Planetary geosciences, the Dutch contribution
Editorial Introduction: Planetary geosciences, the Dutch contribution

... time of geoscience-oriented studies in a classically astronomydominated sector. Most notably, the growth of the field has progressed almost exponentially over the past 10 years (Fig. 1B). This can be taken as a sign of a rapidly maturing subdiscipline. Dutch geoscientists have become increasingly ac ...
The Interstellar Medium White Paper
The Interstellar Medium White Paper

Massive Black Hole Growth and Formation
Massive Black Hole Growth and Formation

Abstract and Summary
Abstract and Summary

... photospheres show that white-dwarf stars rotate with periods much longer than those expected. It has not been determined whether this is due to the loss of angular momentum during evolutionary stages, or if the stars ‘hide’ some of their angular momentum by encompassing interiors that spin more rapi ...
DTU9ePPTChap13 - Faculty Lounge : Astronomy
DTU9ePPTChap13 - Faculty Lounge : Astronomy

... (a) Intense radiation from the supernova explosion caused three rings of gas surrounding SN 1987A to glow in this HST image. This gas was ejected from the star 20,000 years before the star detonated. All three rings lie in parallel planes. The inner ring is about 1.3 ly across. The white and colored ...
The correct answers are written in bold, italic and underlined. The
The correct answers are written in bold, italic and underlined. The

... 6. What happens after the asymptotic giant branch stage of a star's life? • The star contracts relatively rapidly toward the main sequence. • Helium fusion ends in the core, and fusion of both hydrogen and helium begins in shells around the core. • Matter is ejected into space to form a planetary ne ...
Exoplanets
Exoplanets

... planet: located 20 light-years away, it may have water on its surface. (eso0722) 2006: Observations show that some objects that are several times the mass of Jupiter have a disc surrounding them and may form in a similar way to stars. It thus becomes much more difficult to define precisely what a ...
mslien~1
mslien~1

... Star-formation ...
< 1 ... 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ... 158 >

Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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