Societal Benefits from Reductions in Emissions of Methane and
... Thus efforts to control emissions of methane, black carbon (and co-‐emissions) and HFCs can provide multiple, large benefits to society. Since neither the damages attributable to climate change nor ...
... Thus efforts to control emissions of methane, black carbon (and co-‐emissions) and HFCs can provide multiple, large benefits to society. Since neither the damages attributable to climate change nor ...
china`s position
... Who is going to shoulder the cost of research and development But Beijing has refused to consider caps on its greenhouse gas output, noting that the nation's average per-capita emissions are much lower than the West's. China has raised concern about a House provision creating a "border adjustment" p ...
... Who is going to shoulder the cost of research and development But Beijing has refused to consider caps on its greenhouse gas output, noting that the nation's average per-capita emissions are much lower than the West's. China has raised concern about a House provision creating a "border adjustment" p ...
Introduction Irish Woodworkers for Africa Ltd, T/A Just Forests has
... budget captures the total emissions over the period.While longer term targets are necessary as statements of Ireland’s intention, these targets fall outside of the lifetime any government. Aneffective carbon budget mechanism, akin to the fiscal budget process, is essential to ensure political accoun ...
... budget captures the total emissions over the period.While longer term targets are necessary as statements of Ireland’s intention, these targets fall outside of the lifetime any government. Aneffective carbon budget mechanism, akin to the fiscal budget process, is essential to ensure political accoun ...
Climate Change – Glossary of key terms
... of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialised countries. It entered into force for ratifying countries in February 2006 and commits developed nations to collectively cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 per cent of 1990 levels by 2008-2012. It came into force in Australia on 11 March 2008. Kyot ...
... of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialised countries. It entered into force for ratifying countries in February 2006 and commits developed nations to collectively cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 per cent of 1990 levels by 2008-2012. It came into force in Australia on 11 March 2008. Kyot ...
and `super greenhouse gases`
... phase down of bulk quantities of HFCs, and a selection of bans on their use. EIA’s philosophy is that the best way to prevent emissions of F-gases is to stop using them. The current phase-down proposal in the EU would avoid more than 70 Mt CO2e per year (equivalent to more than 10% of the UK’s annua ...
... phase down of bulk quantities of HFCs, and a selection of bans on their use. EIA’s philosophy is that the best way to prevent emissions of F-gases is to stop using them. The current phase-down proposal in the EU would avoid more than 70 Mt CO2e per year (equivalent to more than 10% of the UK’s annua ...
REDUCE EMISSIONS THROUGH NATURE CONSERVATON
... Mitigation measures should also take advantage of opportunities to sequester carbon in urban nature settings. Small pockets of greenery in an urban setting can still hold a significant amount of carbon while also providing additional benefits especially if they are allowed to expand, such as bufferi ...
... Mitigation measures should also take advantage of opportunities to sequester carbon in urban nature settings. Small pockets of greenery in an urban setting can still hold a significant amount of carbon while also providing additional benefits especially if they are allowed to expand, such as bufferi ...
Pershing -- Princeton, April 2006
... International Agreements: The UN Convention and Kyoto Protocol • Targets: national caps on greenhouse gas emissions; collective reduction of 5.2% below 1990 levels by the 2008-2012 timetable…for 38 industrialized countries and economies in transition (i.e. “Annex I”) • Market-based mechanisms: desi ...
... International Agreements: The UN Convention and Kyoto Protocol • Targets: national caps on greenhouse gas emissions; collective reduction of 5.2% below 1990 levels by the 2008-2012 timetable…for 38 industrialized countries and economies in transition (i.e. “Annex I”) • Market-based mechanisms: desi ...
word 20Kb - Carbon Trade Watch
... The US effect The most active buyers of CDM and JI credits to date are European companies, which either see them as a cheaper alternative to reducing their own emissions (under ETS) or buy them in markets in London for the purpose of speculation and re-sale This picture will change if a US carbo ...
... The US effect The most active buyers of CDM and JI credits to date are European companies, which either see them as a cheaper alternative to reducing their own emissions (under ETS) or buy them in markets in London for the purpose of speculation and re-sale This picture will change if a US carbo ...
Regulation Trading, Taxes, Regulation, or OPEC?
... utilities. The other participants in the trading scheme were left holding bags of worthless credits that they had earned by overreducing their emissions. Those good deeds did not go unpunished by the government. The reader might ask how such a trick could be played on investors. The answer lies deep ...
... utilities. The other participants in the trading scheme were left holding bags of worthless credits that they had earned by overreducing their emissions. Those good deeds did not go unpunished by the government. The reader might ask how such a trick could be played on investors. The answer lies deep ...
cap and trade systems limiting carbon emissions
... the National University of Taiwan believes that one reason that Taiwan has been so successful is because it “set up a trading platform to help the dealers negotiate successfully” [4]. This way firms can place their extra permits up for sale to everyone in an action format. This method is much more e ...
... the National University of Taiwan believes that one reason that Taiwan has been so successful is because it “set up a trading platform to help the dealers negotiate successfully” [4]. This way firms can place their extra permits up for sale to everyone in an action format. This method is much more e ...
Flexible climate mechanisms and district heating
... of emission reductions is not important. Therefore, the Kyoto protocol provides for three flexible mechanisms, allowing reductions to be made where costs are the lowest. 1) Clean development mechanism (CDM) 2) Joint implementation (JI) 3) Emissions trading ...
... of emission reductions is not important. Therefore, the Kyoto protocol provides for three flexible mechanisms, allowing reductions to be made where costs are the lowest. 1) Clean development mechanism (CDM) 2) Joint implementation (JI) 3) Emissions trading ...
Where-is-Europe-s-climate-leadership
... External credits undermine Europe’s response to climate change even more since many do not represent real and additional emission cuts and can perversely lead to negative social and environmental impacts in developing countries. The European Parliament voted for the introduction of strong quality c ...
... External credits undermine Europe’s response to climate change even more since many do not represent real and additional emission cuts and can perversely lead to negative social and environmental impacts in developing countries. The European Parliament voted for the introduction of strong quality c ...
International Climate Policy UNFCCC and Kyoto
... – legally binding emissions targets – Minus 5% from 1990 levels in 2008-2012 – Annex I parties have individual targets, listed in Annex B ...
... – legally binding emissions targets – Minus 5% from 1990 levels in 2008-2012 – Annex I parties have individual targets, listed in Annex B ...
Western Climate Initiative
... John H. Dales • Economist at University of Toronto • Initiator of « Emissions trading » concept • Author of : Pollution, Property and Prices University of Toronto Press ...
... John H. Dales • Economist at University of Toronto • Initiator of « Emissions trading » concept • Author of : Pollution, Property and Prices University of Toronto Press ...
Climate Change and air Quality Climate Change 56
... 2008-2012. Additional domestic policies and measures and/or additional Government purchases will be required to bridge this gap. In particular, Ireland will have to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels while at the same time ensuring that very significant increases are made in both energy efficienc ...
... 2008-2012. Additional domestic policies and measures and/or additional Government purchases will be required to bridge this gap. In particular, Ireland will have to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels while at the same time ensuring that very significant increases are made in both energy efficienc ...
AOSS_NRE_480_L15_International_Policy_20150226
... • Annex 2: The OECD Countries – Provide financial and technical support to Economies in Transition ...
... • Annex 2: The OECD Countries – Provide financial and technical support to Economies in Transition ...
Sharing Global CO 2 Emission Reductions Among One Billion High
... • Global cap of 30 GtCO2 in 2030 results in about 1 billion people having to reduce emissions • The need of the poorest 2.7 billion people to emit more can be accommodated (but also uncertainty whether the poor will be spared) ...
... • Global cap of 30 GtCO2 in 2030 results in about 1 billion people having to reduce emissions • The need of the poorest 2.7 billion people to emit more can be accommodated (but also uncertainty whether the poor will be spared) ...
19/06/2012 - IFIEC Europe
... • Make it more stable, robust, predictable and capable to help strengthening EU economy • Make it compatible with industrial growth • Do not interfere, which would signal: it does not work • No arbitrary, improvised set aside or price setting, but logical changes that makes ETS attractive even for f ...
... • Make it more stable, robust, predictable and capable to help strengthening EU economy • Make it compatible with industrial growth • Do not interfere, which would signal: it does not work • No arbitrary, improvised set aside or price setting, but logical changes that makes ETS attractive even for f ...
Slide 1
... and is a major exporting sector. Agriculture was to be included in the ETS from January 2013 - now delayed until 2015 – Government agreed to bear the cost of agriculture’s GHG emissions during the first Kyoto commitment period provided the sector contributes to GHG mitigation research to develop eff ...
... and is a major exporting sector. Agriculture was to be included in the ETS from January 2013 - now delayed until 2015 – Government agreed to bear the cost of agriculture’s GHG emissions during the first Kyoto commitment period provided the sector contributes to GHG mitigation research to develop eff ...
Australian Carbon Price - Fighting Climate Change by Taxing Emissions Brochure
... Australian Carbon Price - Fighting Climate Change by Taxing Emissions Summary Australia has introduced the ‘Carbon Price’ tax in an effort to decrease its greenhouse emissions, which in the last couple of years have been the highest among the developed nations of the world. The country has an abunda ...
... Australian Carbon Price - Fighting Climate Change by Taxing Emissions Summary Australia has introduced the ‘Carbon Price’ tax in an effort to decrease its greenhouse emissions, which in the last couple of years have been the highest among the developed nations of the world. The country has an abunda ...
Emissions Budget - UNFCCC Newsroom
... Washington D.C., 19 November 2014 – In order to limit global temperature rise to 2oC and head off the worst impacts of climate change, global carbon neutrality should be attained by mid-to-late century. This would also keep in check what the UN refers to as the global climate budget — or the maximum ...
... Washington D.C., 19 November 2014 – In order to limit global temperature rise to 2oC and head off the worst impacts of climate change, global carbon neutrality should be attained by mid-to-late century. This would also keep in check what the UN refers to as the global climate budget — or the maximum ...
China and Climate Change July 2013 - Yuhong Zhao
... non-ferrous metal, power generation, building materials, textile, paper, rubber etc); Non-industrial sources: emission over 10,000 tonnes CO2e/year in 2010 or 2011 (aviation, port, airport, railway, commercial, hotel, financial etc); Allocation: free for 2013-15; auction in due course; 3rd par ...
... non-ferrous metal, power generation, building materials, textile, paper, rubber etc); Non-industrial sources: emission over 10,000 tonnes CO2e/year in 2010 or 2011 (aviation, port, airport, railway, commercial, hotel, financial etc); Allocation: free for 2013-15; auction in due course; 3rd par ...
Document
... same period, with land use change complete by 2035 and technological progress to 2060 ...
... same period, with land use change complete by 2035 and technological progress to 2060 ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.