backgrounder.pdf
... path, followed by emissions reductions later in the century, is predicted to limit CO2 rise to less than a doubling and skirt the worst predicted consequences of climate change. ...
... path, followed by emissions reductions later in the century, is predicted to limit CO2 rise to less than a doubling and skirt the worst predicted consequences of climate change. ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Green Planet Advertiser
... The United States and Australia originally opted out of Kyoto because of the exemptions granted to China, India and developing countries. They also claimed, along with some economists, that it would cost jobs and damage their countries’ economies. However, Australia later signed Kyoto after a change ...
... The United States and Australia originally opted out of Kyoto because of the exemptions granted to China, India and developing countries. They also claimed, along with some economists, that it would cost jobs and damage their countries’ economies. However, Australia later signed Kyoto after a change ...
USA
... from developed countries, but corruption pervades many of these countries and financial assistance often fails to reach its intended use. They may also emphasize forestry policy over cutting fossil fuel emissions, which, while important, is insufficient for meeting the climate challenge. CO2 Emissio ...
... from developed countries, but corruption pervades many of these countries and financial assistance often fails to reach its intended use. They may also emphasize forestry policy over cutting fossil fuel emissions, which, while important, is insufficient for meeting the climate challenge. CO2 Emissio ...
Urban Sustainability in Philadelphia
... resources are available for future generations. – Natural environment – Public health – Economic future – Individual and Collective decision-making ...
... resources are available for future generations. – Natural environment – Public health – Economic future – Individual and Collective decision-making ...
The Cost of Combating Global Warming, Thomas Schelling , Foreign Affairs, Nov-Dec 1997
... global emissions are bound to increase for many decades, especially as nations like China experience economic growth and greater energy use. When the oecd countries do get serious about combating climate change, they should focus on actions—policies, programs, taxes, subsidies, regulations, investme ...
... global emissions are bound to increase for many decades, especially as nations like China experience economic growth and greater energy use. When the oecd countries do get serious about combating climate change, they should focus on actions—policies, programs, taxes, subsidies, regulations, investme ...
greenhouse gases and climate change
... For 2012, Ireland’s total national greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to be 57.92 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. In relation to the overall trend in emissions, Ireland’s emissions peaked in 2001 and have decreased by 17% since then which in recent years has been largely driven by t ...
... For 2012, Ireland’s total national greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to be 57.92 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. In relation to the overall trend in emissions, Ireland’s emissions peaked in 2001 and have decreased by 17% since then which in recent years has been largely driven by t ...
--- Environment and Climate Change Canada Let`s Talk Climate
... These simple measures can have an effect equivalent to removing an additional million vehicles worth of GHG emissions by 2020. There is no other policy or regulatory measure that can generate such an immediate and significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. As a further step,, an effort to accel ...
... These simple measures can have an effect equivalent to removing an additional million vehicles worth of GHG emissions by 2020. There is no other policy or regulatory measure that can generate such an immediate and significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. As a further step,, an effort to accel ...
Global Climate Change: Electric Power Options in India
... 1. Stabilization Burden shall be substantive 2. Significant mitigation shall be in NA-I (“Where” Flexibility for Cost Effectiveness) 3. Transition from Cost to Welfare Effectiveness (“Justice” in Burden sharing is vital) ...
... 1. Stabilization Burden shall be substantive 2. Significant mitigation shall be in NA-I (“Where” Flexibility for Cost Effectiveness) 3. Transition from Cost to Welfare Effectiveness (“Justice” in Burden sharing is vital) ...
tubiana
... US & China : internal implementation needs international coordination a very different Post Kyoto : hybrid, more inclusive but less coverage and fragmented No exclusive options but combination : technological innovation te coordination framework/ international regulation carbon value = manag ...
... US & China : internal implementation needs international coordination a very different Post Kyoto : hybrid, more inclusive but less coverage and fragmented No exclusive options but combination : technological innovation te coordination framework/ international regulation carbon value = manag ...
Asia-Pacific Outreach Meeting on Sustainable Development Financing Session 4: Climate finance
... Note: the institutional arrangements in red are in progress of national action plan. ...
... Note: the institutional arrangements in red are in progress of national action plan. ...
Executive summary - Environmental Defense Fund
... that benefit communities throughout the state. While the primary purpose of AB 32 is to achieve the 2020 target for emissions reductions, the state’s cap-and-trade program is designed to yield other benefits, too. Beginning in 2015, proceeds from the quarterly auctions of carbon allowances will be a ...
... that benefit communities throughout the state. While the primary purpose of AB 32 is to achieve the 2020 target for emissions reductions, the state’s cap-and-trade program is designed to yield other benefits, too. Beginning in 2015, proceeds from the quarterly auctions of carbon allowances will be a ...
Global Air Quality - Northern Arizona University
... 6. Economic Analysis of Climate Change Policy (1) Benefits of Controlling GHGs: Important to Policy Development • OECD estimates ($1990) of annual damage – $61.6 B (based on 2.5° C rise) – $338.6 B (based on 10° C rise over 250-400 years) • Beckerman (1990) cites an EPA estimate of the net effect a ...
... 6. Economic Analysis of Climate Change Policy (1) Benefits of Controlling GHGs: Important to Policy Development • OECD estimates ($1990) of annual damage – $61.6 B (based on 2.5° C rise) – $338.6 B (based on 10° C rise over 250-400 years) • Beckerman (1990) cites an EPA estimate of the net effect a ...
Factors to be considered in choosing metrics
... simplification. The real emissions are much more complicated than this. • Currently under the UNFCCC and the KP, Parties calculate and report their annual emissions via national greenhouse gas inventories. • Therefore, selecting the effect due to annual emissions of 1 kg/year may be more relevant to ...
... simplification. The real emissions are much more complicated than this. • Currently under the UNFCCC and the KP, Parties calculate and report their annual emissions via national greenhouse gas inventories. • Therefore, selecting the effect due to annual emissions of 1 kg/year may be more relevant to ...
The need for mitigation
... Emissions Trading, which allows Annex I Parties to trade credits or emission allowances among themselves. The Kyoto Protocol constitutes important progress in the global architecture, especially by initiating a global carbon market, but is a modest first step in climate change abatement. As the la ...
... Emissions Trading, which allows Annex I Parties to trade credits or emission allowances among themselves. The Kyoto Protocol constitutes important progress in the global architecture, especially by initiating a global carbon market, but is a modest first step in climate change abatement. As the la ...
Ongoing work Yes - Carbon Finance at the World Bank
... • Contribute to sustainable development … and how private sector and governments can implement the CDM/JI project cycle and compete in emerging carbon market ...
... • Contribute to sustainable development … and how private sector and governments can implement the CDM/JI project cycle and compete in emerging carbon market ...
PDF Download
... database of reasonable quality on international tourist travel – but there is nothing of the sort for domestic tourist travel or for business travel. So, a choice has to be made between comprehensiveness in a geographic sense, and comprehensiveness in a travel sense. The current paper opts for the f ...
... database of reasonable quality on international tourist travel – but there is nothing of the sort for domestic tourist travel or for business travel. So, a choice has to be made between comprehensiveness in a geographic sense, and comprehensiveness in a travel sense. The current paper opts for the f ...
Background on Materials Greenhouse Gas
... material extraction, manufacturing, transporting, and end-of-life management of the material or product . • Non-energy-related manufacturing emissions, such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) released when limestone used in steel manufacturing is converted to lime, or the perfluorocarbons (PFCs) generated ...
... material extraction, manufacturing, transporting, and end-of-life management of the material or product . • Non-energy-related manufacturing emissions, such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) released when limestone used in steel manufacturing is converted to lime, or the perfluorocarbons (PFCs) generated ...
99PWW084 - City of Edmonton
... operations would likely increase 12% by the year 2008. For City operations, the Kyoto 6% reduction target can be met and exceeded with proven and available technology. Three-quarters of the FCM 20% reduction target (i.e. 16%) can be met with similar technology. Research and development of specific ...
... operations would likely increase 12% by the year 2008. For City operations, the Kyoto 6% reduction target can be met and exceeded with proven and available technology. Three-quarters of the FCM 20% reduction target (i.e. 16%) can be met with similar technology. Research and development of specific ...
Changing Societies Without Changing Lifestyles?
... subject to quality constraints ( biofuels, life-cycle costs) subject to quantity constraints ( space & public acceptance for renewable energy projects) ...
... subject to quality constraints ( biofuels, life-cycle costs) subject to quantity constraints ( space & public acceptance for renewable energy projects) ...
Global Air Quality
... 6. Economic Analysis of Climate Change Policy (1) Benefits of Controlling GHGs: Important to Policy Development • OECD estimates ($1990) of annual damage – $61.6 B (based on 2.5° C rise) – $338.6 B (based on 10° C rise over 250-400 years) • Beckerman (1990) cites an EPA estimate of the net effect a ...
... 6. Economic Analysis of Climate Change Policy (1) Benefits of Controlling GHGs: Important to Policy Development • OECD estimates ($1990) of annual damage – $61.6 B (based on 2.5° C rise) – $338.6 B (based on 10° C rise over 250-400 years) • Beckerman (1990) cites an EPA estimate of the net effect a ...
Efficient Milk Production
... oxide so reducing these will also reduce nitrous oxide losses. Ammonia (NH3): Although not strictly a greenhouse gas, ammonia released into the atmosphere dissolves in rain, contributing to ‘acid rain’ and nutrient deposition on sensitive habitats. As such, it is an ‘indirect’ GHG, since its deposit ...
... oxide so reducing these will also reduce nitrous oxide losses. Ammonia (NH3): Although not strictly a greenhouse gas, ammonia released into the atmosphere dissolves in rain, contributing to ‘acid rain’ and nutrient deposition on sensitive habitats. As such, it is an ‘indirect’ GHG, since its deposit ...
MHC-200-Powerpoint
... nations to adopt their own taxes. • It would be easier to regulate at the national level the tax, rather than each state having their own tax and making interstate trade more difficult. • Energy policies are normally maintained by the federal government. ...
... nations to adopt their own taxes. • It would be easier to regulate at the national level the tax, rather than each state having their own tax and making interstate trade more difficult. • Energy policies are normally maintained by the federal government. ...
Societal Benefits from Reductions in Emissions of Methane and
... Thus efforts to control emissions of methane, black carbon (and co-‐emissions) and HFCs can provide multiple, large benefits to society. Since neither the damages attributable to climate change nor ...
... Thus efforts to control emissions of methane, black carbon (and co-‐emissions) and HFCs can provide multiple, large benefits to society. Since neither the damages attributable to climate change nor ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.