Document
... Standards and science based Accreditation by JAS-ANZ – internationally recognised Integration of compliance requirements with voluntary standards thus reducing duplication of effort for clients Recognition by the UK regulator Provision of rules, tools, templates, guidance Rigorous peer review of res ...
... Standards and science based Accreditation by JAS-ANZ – internationally recognised Integration of compliance requirements with voluntary standards thus reducing duplication of effort for clients Recognition by the UK regulator Provision of rules, tools, templates, guidance Rigorous peer review of res ...
The most significant impact of the EPA`s new fossil fuel regulations
... attempts to block any attempts to reduce emissions. Last week’s announcement by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions from power plants is further evidence of the Obama administration’s commitment to tackling climate change. However, the Uni ...
... attempts to block any attempts to reduce emissions. Last week’s announcement by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions from power plants is further evidence of the Obama administration’s commitment to tackling climate change. However, the Uni ...
NGO Perspectives on Canadian Climate Change Policy
... the opportunities and benefits attending mitigation activities will lead to net economic gains; most analyses, however, project that significant costs will be associated with the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The general consensus is that these costs – while potentially substantial – ...
... the opportunities and benefits attending mitigation activities will lead to net economic gains; most analyses, however, project that significant costs will be associated with the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The general consensus is that these costs – while potentially substantial – ...
Submission Ministry for the Environment Emissions Trading Scheme
... instruments must be ethical – if we become aware that credits have been provided or obtained fraudulently, we must not depend on them for meeting our global commitments to reducing emissions. The Emissions Trading Scheme will not in itself be sufficient to reduce our carbon emissions. All other to ...
... instruments must be ethical – if we become aware that credits have been provided or obtained fraudulently, we must not depend on them for meeting our global commitments to reducing emissions. The Emissions Trading Scheme will not in itself be sufficient to reduce our carbon emissions. All other to ...
Slide 1
... • “Mitigation” involves analyses of the policies involving the reduction of emissions CO2 and other GHGs There are four major issues involved: 1. Projecting the emissions 2. Estimating the costs of emissions reductions 3. Designing policies to reduce emissions 4. Encouraging low-carbon technological ...
... • “Mitigation” involves analyses of the policies involving the reduction of emissions CO2 and other GHGs There are four major issues involved: 1. Projecting the emissions 2. Estimating the costs of emissions reductions 3. Designing policies to reduce emissions 4. Encouraging low-carbon technological ...
v i e w p o i n t s (UGETS)
... however, can be done on the basis of any formula that is agreeable to all countries. It can be on the basis of per capita emissions or any other formula combined with other indices. What is important is to recognize the Coase Theorem, which states that, as long as the trading is free worldwide, glob ...
... however, can be done on the basis of any formula that is agreeable to all countries. It can be on the basis of per capita emissions or any other formula combined with other indices. What is important is to recognize the Coase Theorem, which states that, as long as the trading is free worldwide, glob ...
Voice of Irish Concern for the Environment
... of rising temperatures, glaciers will retreat and sea level will increase .09 to .88 meters. Some of the effects of climate change are already evident. Sea ice is melting at an accelerated rate, extreme weather occurs more frequently, including stronger and more damaging storms, heat waves, droughts ...
... of rising temperatures, glaciers will retreat and sea level will increase .09 to .88 meters. Some of the effects of climate change are already evident. Sea ice is melting at an accelerated rate, extreme weather occurs more frequently, including stronger and more damaging storms, heat waves, droughts ...
Terrorism
... greater than the sum of individual parts. Self-organized criticality is probably a more powerful tool than a probability model for the study of cascading infrastructure failures. We have self-organized systems as demonstrated by competitive markets that exhibit higher efficiency than centrally contr ...
... greater than the sum of individual parts. Self-organized criticality is probably a more powerful tool than a probability model for the study of cascading infrastructure failures. We have self-organized systems as demonstrated by competitive markets that exhibit higher efficiency than centrally contr ...
Climate-Change Projects—Selling of Indulgences or High Road?
... element of the entire climate-change policy. Prerequisites for the effective use of this instrument are transparent standards and end-to-end validation and verification. This was the conclusion drawn by a workshop organized by TÜV SÜD in Munich on April 2, 2008. Climate change is a fact. The Intergo ...
... element of the entire climate-change policy. Prerequisites for the effective use of this instrument are transparent standards and end-to-end validation and verification. This was the conclusion drawn by a workshop organized by TÜV SÜD in Munich on April 2, 2008. Climate change is a fact. The Intergo ...
Forest Service needs for GHG modeling
... Draft CEQ guidance: federal land management agencies should consider greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change effects as part of their NEPA procedures. Consider GHG emissions resulting from their proposed projects and programs in NEPA documents. Determine whether GHG emissions resulting ...
... Draft CEQ guidance: federal land management agencies should consider greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change effects as part of their NEPA procedures. Consider GHG emissions resulting from their proposed projects and programs in NEPA documents. Determine whether GHG emissions resulting ...
Progress report and proposed future works of Deliverable 1
... other private entities that undertake the action, where social costs include additionally the external costs on the environment and on society as a whole. Costs can be expressed as total, average (unit, specific) being the total divided by the number of units of the item for which the cost is being ...
... other private entities that undertake the action, where social costs include additionally the external costs on the environment and on society as a whole. Costs can be expressed as total, average (unit, specific) being the total divided by the number of units of the item for which the cost is being ...
PPT - Steel Manufacturers Association
... reducing GHG emissions • May be mandatory or incentive-based • When applied to sectors under the cap, intended to overcome market barriers imperfections that may prevent price signal from achieving actual reductions in emissions in those sectors ...
... reducing GHG emissions • May be mandatory or incentive-based • When applied to sectors under the cap, intended to overcome market barriers imperfections that may prevent price signal from achieving actual reductions in emissions in those sectors ...
3R - WorldClimateBriefing
... achieves the best outcome for our economies and national interests, as well as for the world. You must decide: 1. Actions to reduce carbon emissions, if any. Without action, our emissions are expected ...
... achieves the best outcome for our economies and national interests, as well as for the world. You must decide: 1. Actions to reduce carbon emissions, if any. Without action, our emissions are expected ...
Chapter 6
... Management and Insurance: Perspectives in a Global Economy” authored by Skipper and Kwon and published by Blackwell (2007), has been created solely for classes where the book is used as a text. Use or reproduction of the file for any other purposes, known or to be known, is prohibited without prior ...
... Management and Insurance: Perspectives in a Global Economy” authored by Skipper and Kwon and published by Blackwell (2007), has been created solely for classes where the book is used as a text. Use or reproduction of the file for any other purposes, known or to be known, is prohibited without prior ...
Climate Economics 101
... •Allowance auction revenue can offset the macroeconomic drag of higher real price levels. •Using revenue to reduce the federal budget deficit or other taxes can reduce costs of the program by 15% to 70%. •Reducing tax rates benefits higher income ...
... •Allowance auction revenue can offset the macroeconomic drag of higher real price levels. •Using revenue to reduce the federal budget deficit or other taxes can reduce costs of the program by 15% to 70%. •Reducing tax rates benefits higher income ...
Carbon account…… - Centre for Responsible Tourism
... • Growing CC emissions from tourism in the context of policy commitments to radical cuts in GHG emissions • Need to take efficient and effective actions • Important to demonstrate carbon responsibility • Case for growth is getting more difficult – credibility crucial Carbon account…… ...
... • Growing CC emissions from tourism in the context of policy commitments to radical cuts in GHG emissions • Need to take efficient and effective actions • Important to demonstrate carbon responsibility • Case for growth is getting more difficult – credibility crucial Carbon account…… ...
The Politically Possible
... Global issues of leakage and competitiveness can only be effectively addressed at the multilateral level. Thus, the diplomats preparing for the Copenhagen negotiations need to do two things. First, they should pursue a set of multilaterally agreed upon guidelines for countries that want to adopt imp ...
... Global issues of leakage and competitiveness can only be effectively addressed at the multilateral level. Thus, the diplomats preparing for the Copenhagen negotiations need to do two things. First, they should pursue a set of multilaterally agreed upon guidelines for countries that want to adopt imp ...
TRADING CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE EUROPEAN CABON MARKET
... certificates and the allocations of emission reductions of greenhouse gases, each equivalent to one ton of carbon dioxide and by creating an organized market which would be able to trade them. Mechanisms that are provided by the Kyoto Protocol to help signatory countries to accomplish these goals (i ...
... certificates and the allocations of emission reductions of greenhouse gases, each equivalent to one ton of carbon dioxide and by creating an organized market which would be able to trade them. Mechanisms that are provided by the Kyoto Protocol to help signatory countries to accomplish these goals (i ...
DOC - Europa
... The main new element is a phase-down measure that from 2015 limits the total amount of the most significant group of F-gases - Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – that can be sold in the EU. This will be reduced to one fifth of today's sales by 2030. Producers and importers will initially be allocated right ...
... The main new element is a phase-down measure that from 2015 limits the total amount of the most significant group of F-gases - Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – that can be sold in the EU. This will be reduced to one fifth of today's sales by 2030. Producers and importers will initially be allocated right ...
Environmental Linkages and Climate Change Part Two
... Topic 4.c: The Economics of Global Warming • BC Provincial policy: • In the provincial Budget of 2008 a Revenue-Neutral Carbontax was introduced in British Columbia. • The carbon tax applies to virtually all fossil fuels in BC. • All carbon tax revenue - about $1.8 billion over three years will be ...
... Topic 4.c: The Economics of Global Warming • BC Provincial policy: • In the provincial Budget of 2008 a Revenue-Neutral Carbontax was introduced in British Columbia. • The carbon tax applies to virtually all fossil fuels in BC. • All carbon tax revenue - about $1.8 billion over three years will be ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.