Policy goals and common metrics implications
... Non Annex I, (GWP SAR if reported) Annex I from 2015 submission on (GWP from AR4) (most recent science!) • Time-series from 1990 on recalculated • GWP from AR5 will be available at this point in time • Fixed GWP along the time-series make sense? ...
... Non Annex I, (GWP SAR if reported) Annex I from 2015 submission on (GWP from AR4) (most recent science!) • Time-series from 1990 on recalculated • GWP from AR5 will be available at this point in time • Fixed GWP along the time-series make sense? ...
EU views on greenhouse gases and global warming potentials and
... Other issues which need to be taken into account – relevance/ overall impact and resource requirements – time-series consistency ...
... Other issues which need to be taken into account – relevance/ overall impact and resource requirements – time-series consistency ...
Submission to: Ad Hoc Working Group on Long
... The Bali Road map and the UN-FCCC decision on ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing countries’ not only demands policy approaches and positive incentives to reduce deforestation, but rightfully also to reduce forest degradation and to enhance forest carbon stocks; like peatswamp fore ...
... The Bali Road map and the UN-FCCC decision on ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing countries’ not only demands policy approaches and positive incentives to reduce deforestation, but rightfully also to reduce forest degradation and to enhance forest carbon stocks; like peatswamp fore ...
Climate change and agriculture: Understanding the biological
... So what will all this research deliver in terms of reducing greenhouse gases? Some mitigation options being studied may eventually be used to reduce greenhouse gases, but others may not. Some may be effective in reducing the gases from an animal in the laboratory, but not fit well into farming syst ...
... So what will all this research deliver in terms of reducing greenhouse gases? Some mitigation options being studied may eventually be used to reduce greenhouse gases, but others may not. Some may be effective in reducing the gases from an animal in the laboratory, but not fit well into farming syst ...
Emissions Trading Markets - National Centre for Research on Europe
... through costly legislation ...
... through costly legislation ...
cc_presentation_NEDEF
... WHERE WE COULD BE… If all this can be achieved, Sunderland could reduce its emissions by 500,000 tonnes come 2021 - a 15% drop compared to 2001 …. but only if all opportunities are developed NEXT STEPS •Consultation is seeking views on these options •Results will be used to put together agreed acti ...
... WHERE WE COULD BE… If all this can be achieved, Sunderland could reduce its emissions by 500,000 tonnes come 2021 - a 15% drop compared to 2001 …. but only if all opportunities are developed NEXT STEPS •Consultation is seeking views on these options •Results will be used to put together agreed acti ...
non-co2 greenhouse gas emissions from oil refineries
... across the European Union. The target has been redistributed across the Member States to reflect the ability of each country to achieve an emission reduction. The UK has agreed a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 12,5%. There is a range in national targets: from reductions of 21% in Germany a ...
... across the European Union. The target has been redistributed across the Member States to reflect the ability of each country to achieve an emission reduction. The UK has agreed a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 12,5%. There is a range in national targets: from reductions of 21% in Germany a ...
Science-Based Targets Key to Private-Sector
... on a determination of measures and costs for achieving emission reductions. A thorough approach may construct a marginal cost abatement curve (MAC) from a range of company-specific emission reduction projects that have been costed and collated to express how much abatement can be achieved at what co ...
... on a determination of measures and costs for achieving emission reductions. A thorough approach may construct a marginal cost abatement curve (MAC) from a range of company-specific emission reduction projects that have been costed and collated to express how much abatement can be achieved at what co ...
Memorandum for His Excellency Judge Shi
... No other offsets permitted at start-up. Decision on offsets deferred until 2013, however offsets could only come from non-covered sectors and where it is not possible to: cover a particular source of emissions; cost-effectively mitigate emissions through alternative measures outside of the CPRS. ...
... No other offsets permitted at start-up. Decision on offsets deferred until 2013, however offsets could only come from non-covered sectors and where it is not possible to: cover a particular source of emissions; cost-effectively mitigate emissions through alternative measures outside of the CPRS. ...
Nine Steps to Make Kyoto a Success
... To stay below an average 2 degree Celsius global warming, the total global emissions of CO2 have to peak in the next one to two decades and decline thereafter. This will mean that rapidly industrialising nations like China, India, Brazil and South Africa will need to develop in a less carbon-intensi ...
... To stay below an average 2 degree Celsius global warming, the total global emissions of CO2 have to peak in the next one to two decades and decline thereafter. This will mean that rapidly industrialising nations like China, India, Brazil and South Africa will need to develop in a less carbon-intensi ...
Pershing -- BASIC SAO PAOLO meeting
... • Freeze U.S. GHG emissions in 2010 at the 2009 levels. • Beginning 2011, cuts emissions by roughly 2% per year (reaching 1990 emissions levels by 2020). • After 2020, cuts emissions by roughly 5% per year (by 2050, emissions will be 80% lower than in 1990). • Implemented by the U.S. Environmental P ...
... • Freeze U.S. GHG emissions in 2010 at the 2009 levels. • Beginning 2011, cuts emissions by roughly 2% per year (reaching 1990 emissions levels by 2020). • After 2020, cuts emissions by roughly 5% per year (by 2050, emissions will be 80% lower than in 1990). • Implemented by the U.S. Environmental P ...
Rob Bradley
... • Freeze U.S. GHG emissions in 2010 at the 2009 levels. • Beginning 2011, cuts emissions by roughly 2% per year (reaching 1990 emissions levels by 2020). • After 2020, cuts emissions by roughly 5% per year (by 2050, emissions will be 80% lower than in 1990). • Implemented by the U.S. Environmental P ...
... • Freeze U.S. GHG emissions in 2010 at the 2009 levels. • Beginning 2011, cuts emissions by roughly 2% per year (reaching 1990 emissions levels by 2020). • After 2020, cuts emissions by roughly 5% per year (by 2050, emissions will be 80% lower than in 1990). • Implemented by the U.S. Environmental P ...
Unicredit - BankTrack
... unavoidable effects of climate change with a suitable strategy. If action is taken now the costs will be relatively moderate but inactivity might cost up to 20% GDP turning to a severe economic crisis. In 1995 the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed on the Kyoto Prot ...
... unavoidable effects of climate change with a suitable strategy. If action is taken now the costs will be relatively moderate but inactivity might cost up to 20% GDP turning to a severe economic crisis. In 1995 the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed on the Kyoto Prot ...
UN Climate Change Conference WORKSHEET A
... human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation, and that a two-degree temperature rise will have a disastrous environmental impact in some parts of the world. There is much less agreement among the world’s politicians, however, about how the burden of cutting total emissions of green ...
... human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation, and that a two-degree temperature rise will have a disastrous environmental impact in some parts of the world. There is much less agreement among the world’s politicians, however, about how the burden of cutting total emissions of green ...
Carbon dioxide emissions
... emissions have been causing over the years. The carbon cycle is a complex two-way process in which both oceans and the atmosphere absorb and release an enormous quantity of CO2. Therefore, the increasing quantities of carbon dioxide, that urge to be eliminated from the atmosphere, are affecting the ...
... emissions have been causing over the years. The carbon cycle is a complex two-way process in which both oceans and the atmosphere absorb and release an enormous quantity of CO2. Therefore, the increasing quantities of carbon dioxide, that urge to be eliminated from the atmosphere, are affecting the ...
Contribution Of UK Aviation To Climate Change
... By 2020 aviation emissions are due to increase by 50% (7). By 2040 – even after allowing for (an optimistic) 50% improvement in aircraft fuel efficiency – aviation emissions are due to be double the present level. (7) By 2050 every other industry is due to cut emissions by 60%. The Tyndall Centre fo ...
... By 2020 aviation emissions are due to increase by 50% (7). By 2040 – even after allowing for (an optimistic) 50% improvement in aircraft fuel efficiency – aviation emissions are due to be double the present level. (7) By 2050 every other industry is due to cut emissions by 60%. The Tyndall Centre fo ...
Ozone
... small increase in average temp. which may lead to a large increase in the length or frequency of severe hot spells, which could lead to the demise of heat-sensitive plants. • 2nd type – global warming progresses to the point where the tundral permafrost begins to melt. This will lead to anaerobic de ...
... small increase in average temp. which may lead to a large increase in the length or frequency of severe hot spells, which could lead to the demise of heat-sensitive plants. • 2nd type – global warming progresses to the point where the tundral permafrost begins to melt. This will lead to anaerobic de ...
- Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group
... • We will use the same methodology to produce Alaskan and Canadian AB predictions thru 2054 and examine subsequent impact on aerosol and ozone air quality over the Eastern United States. ...
... • We will use the same methodology to produce Alaskan and Canadian AB predictions thru 2054 and examine subsequent impact on aerosol and ozone air quality over the Eastern United States. ...
Gt C - Carbon Finance at the World Bank
... concentration of carbon dioxide at 550ppm (about twice the pre-industrial level), global emissions would have to peak by about 2025 and fall below current levels by 2040 to 2070. This would mean that all regions would have to deviate from most “business-as-usual”scenarios within a few decades ...
... concentration of carbon dioxide at 550ppm (about twice the pre-industrial level), global emissions would have to peak by about 2025 and fall below current levels by 2040 to 2070. This would mean that all regions would have to deviate from most “business-as-usual”scenarios within a few decades ...
UV/EB Technology A Way to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... the burning of fossil fuels that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. As the greenhouse gas debate progresses in the U.S., companies who adopt UV/EB processes will be at the forefront of greenhouse gas pollution prevention. The use of UV/EB-curing systems to apply coatings, inks and MAY/JUNE 2005 ...
... the burning of fossil fuels that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. As the greenhouse gas debate progresses in the U.S., companies who adopt UV/EB processes will be at the forefront of greenhouse gas pollution prevention. The use of UV/EB-curing systems to apply coatings, inks and MAY/JUNE 2005 ...
Slide 1
... But there is also little understanding of the market-based alternative – a carbon cap-and-trade program. ...
... But there is also little understanding of the market-based alternative – a carbon cap-and-trade program. ...
Corrupting the Climate? - European Capacity Building Initiative
... • Kyoto, the ‘only game in town’, has become a European-led test of multilateralism in the face of US unilateralism, raising it to highest political levels • Kyoto based upon principles of international economic instruments, leading to similar instruments at national levels • The main debate has mov ...
... • Kyoto, the ‘only game in town’, has become a European-led test of multilateralism in the face of US unilateralism, raising it to highest political levels • Kyoto based upon principles of international economic instruments, leading to similar instruments at national levels • The main debate has mov ...
Climate Change in Pennsylvania
... EPA’s proposed revised NSPS in May 2007 for Petroleum Refineries. EPA received several comments that EPA is required to address CO2 and Methane emissions from refineries. EPA is required by court order to issue a final rulemaking by April 30. EPA is scheduled to propose NSPS revisions for Portland C ...
... EPA’s proposed revised NSPS in May 2007 for Petroleum Refineries. EPA received several comments that EPA is required to address CO2 and Methane emissions from refineries. EPA is required by court order to issue a final rulemaking by April 30. EPA is scheduled to propose NSPS revisions for Portland C ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.