Topic 10 Climate Change
... Kyoto Protocol agreed in December, 1997 and set legally binding emission targets and was opened for signing in January, 1998 Became effective when enough countries signed the agreement and represented at least 55 per cent of the total C02 emissions (2005) Called for a 5 per cent reduction in average ...
... Kyoto Protocol agreed in December, 1997 and set legally binding emission targets and was opened for signing in January, 1998 Became effective when enough countries signed the agreement and represented at least 55 per cent of the total C02 emissions (2005) Called for a 5 per cent reduction in average ...
Y11GeUC7.8 Kyoto PPwk18
... reduction schemes may have. Some may be too costly to maintain for the benefit they provide, others may cause an unreasonable degree of disruption to the populace, industry etc. Hydroelectric dams are a good example of this. At first sight they seem to be all to the good as far as reducing GHG goes. ...
... reduction schemes may have. Some may be too costly to maintain for the benefit they provide, others may cause an unreasonable degree of disruption to the populace, industry etc. Hydroelectric dams are a good example of this. At first sight they seem to be all to the good as far as reducing GHG goes. ...
E100 Global Warming Conf
... resources and energy consumption patterns by using the World Resources Institute website at http://pdf.wri.org/wr2002fulltxt_230-283_datatables.pdf This pdf file takes a little while to load, but it’s worth it – it’s quite comprehensive. The “Climate and Atmosphere” data, by country, are found on pa ...
... resources and energy consumption patterns by using the World Resources Institute website at http://pdf.wri.org/wr2002fulltxt_230-283_datatables.pdf This pdf file takes a little while to load, but it’s worth it – it’s quite comprehensive. The “Climate and Atmosphere” data, by country, are found on pa ...
Opportunities for the Caribbean in the Kyoto Protocol Negotiations
... •Caribbean countries that have completed their Technology Needs Assessments can seek funding for the transfer of clean technologies to their countries. •Countries such as Guyana that have forests can benefit from positive incentive to maintain their forests or to re-plant of plant new trees that wil ...
... •Caribbean countries that have completed their Technology Needs Assessments can seek funding for the transfer of clean technologies to their countries. •Countries such as Guyana that have forests can benefit from positive incentive to maintain their forests or to re-plant of plant new trees that wil ...
and view powerpoint file
... Market-based instruments Kyoto Protocol characteristics > Commits Annex 1 countries to reduce GHG emissions by 5.2% by 2012 compared to 1990. > Actual commitment period: 2008 - 2012. > Individual goals for each country. ...
... Market-based instruments Kyoto Protocol characteristics > Commits Annex 1 countries to reduce GHG emissions by 5.2% by 2012 compared to 1990. > Actual commitment period: 2008 - 2012. > Individual goals for each country. ...
Seven Steps for Managing the Carbon Footprint of your
... and less like a luxury, some reasons for carrying out a project of this scale are: Achieving cost reduction, because many of the strategies used to reduce emissions will bring a consequent decrease in expenses such as electricity bills, fuel consumption, etc. Acquiring environmental responsibili ...
... and less like a luxury, some reasons for carrying out a project of this scale are: Achieving cost reduction, because many of the strategies used to reduce emissions will bring a consequent decrease in expenses such as electricity bills, fuel consumption, etc. Acquiring environmental responsibili ...
Moving Beyond Kyoto - Brookings Institution
... from burning fossil fuels only. While it would be nice to include alternative gases and sinks as part of a policy, as in the Kyoto Protocol, it is an administrative nightmare to deal with them in the near term and adds enormous complexity to the task. In the Key Elements of the McKibbin-Wilcoxen Pro ...
... from burning fossil fuels only. While it would be nice to include alternative gases and sinks as part of a policy, as in the Kyoto Protocol, it is an administrative nightmare to deal with them in the near term and adds enormous complexity to the task. In the Key Elements of the McKibbin-Wilcoxen Pro ...
The Greenhouse Effect
... process transparent. The Protocol then addresses the importance of policy making in trying to reduce greenhouse gases. It highlights effective domestic policies and measures for reducing emissions. National governments can build a fiscal and policy framework that discourages emissions. They can phas ...
... process transparent. The Protocol then addresses the importance of policy making in trying to reduce greenhouse gases. It highlights effective domestic policies and measures for reducing emissions. National governments can build a fiscal and policy framework that discourages emissions. They can phas ...
CCL Media Packet Paris Talks
... Given the risk our nation and our world faces in a business-as-usual scenario on climate change, “Just say no” is not a suitable response to the President’s Clean Power Plan. Opponents of EPA regulations can find an acceptable – and better – alternative with a market-based solution known as Carbon F ...
... Given the risk our nation and our world faces in a business-as-usual scenario on climate change, “Just say no” is not a suitable response to the President’s Clean Power Plan. Opponents of EPA regulations can find an acceptable – and better – alternative with a market-based solution known as Carbon F ...
Title III - Cap and Trade
... • Allows for analysis of fossil fuel use (stationary and mobile sources) and utility usage (e.g. electricity and steam); • Allows identification and ranking, by facility, state, or region, of assets that are large emitters of GHGs and heavy users of energy; • Evaluation of energy use allows firm to ...
... • Allows for analysis of fossil fuel use (stationary and mobile sources) and utility usage (e.g. electricity and steam); • Allows identification and ranking, by facility, state, or region, of assets that are large emitters of GHGs and heavy users of energy; • Evaluation of energy use allows firm to ...
Reducing CO2 from Coal-Fired Utilities: State and Local
... • Goal: develop framework for a power sector GHG cap and trade system. Model rule by April 2005 • Nine states participating; 2 observing; others invited ...
... • Goal: develop framework for a power sector GHG cap and trade system. Model rule by April 2005 • Nine states participating; 2 observing; others invited ...
Unit 6
... Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out. Registry systems track and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in Bonn, Germany, keeps an international transa ...
... Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out. Registry systems track and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in Bonn, Germany, keeps an international transa ...
CCC Communications Strategy
... There is a high degree of confidence that this is largely a result of human activity ...
... There is a high degree of confidence that this is largely a result of human activity ...
CLIMATE_NRE_480_L13_International_Policy_20160310
... • Annex 2: The OECD Countries – Provide financial and technical support to Economies in Transition ...
... • Annex 2: The OECD Countries – Provide financial and technical support to Economies in Transition ...
kjygkjyghkjhgkjhgkjhgkjhg - Makerere University News Portal
... The anticipated growth in urban population will require a massive build-up of urban infrastructure, which is a key driver of emissions across multiple sectors limited evidence, high agreement ...
... The anticipated growth in urban population will require a massive build-up of urban infrastructure, which is a key driver of emissions across multiple sectors limited evidence, high agreement ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change Figures and Tables
... Source: U.S. Department of Energy, 2007. The vertical axis in Figure 2 measures million metric tons of carbon dioxide (The vertical axis in Figure 1 shows million metric tons of carbon; the weight of a given amount of emissions measured in tons of carbon dioxide is about 3.67 times the total weight ...
... Source: U.S. Department of Energy, 2007. The vertical axis in Figure 2 measures million metric tons of carbon dioxide (The vertical axis in Figure 1 shows million metric tons of carbon; the weight of a given amount of emissions measured in tons of carbon dioxide is about 3.67 times the total weight ...
(Senior Assistant Statistician, Scottish Government). "An Overview of
... • Most emissions estimates = activity data (e.g. fuel use) x emissions factor (e.g. CO2 emitted per unit of fuel) • Some point source data (e.g. plant specific data used for reporting in EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) • Some more complicated models – e.g. for landfill emissions, for estimating ...
... • Most emissions estimates = activity data (e.g. fuel use) x emissions factor (e.g. CO2 emitted per unit of fuel) • Some point source data (e.g. plant specific data used for reporting in EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) • Some more complicated models – e.g. for landfill emissions, for estimating ...
Developments in U.S. Environmental Law 2015-2016
... gas emissions Observers expected Congress to act to direct how EPA should act,-- either a Cap and Trade System or a Carbon Fee, to prevent EPA mandatory regulation Cap and Trade System Passed the House in 2009, no action in Senate ...
... gas emissions Observers expected Congress to act to direct how EPA should act,-- either a Cap and Trade System or a Carbon Fee, to prevent EPA mandatory regulation Cap and Trade System Passed the House in 2009, no action in Senate ...
Do we need a global agreement to solve the climate change problem?
... Does not set time-bound targets for emissions reductions from countries Promotes a framework for future agreements based on pledge and review such that countries will be allowed to voluntarily pledge their domestic targets, whatever these may be, which will be aggregated at the global level Bu ...
... Does not set time-bound targets for emissions reductions from countries Promotes a framework for future agreements based on pledge and review such that countries will be allowed to voluntarily pledge their domestic targets, whatever these may be, which will be aggregated at the global level Bu ...
03.1 Steps in Clean Development Mechanis
... (5) While the average emissions reduction is 5%, national limitations range from an 8% average reduction across the European Union to a 10% emissions increase for Iceland; but since the EU's member states each have individual obligations, much larger increases (up to 27%) are allowed for some of the ...
... (5) While the average emissions reduction is 5%, national limitations range from an 8% average reduction across the European Union to a 10% emissions increase for Iceland; but since the EU's member states each have individual obligations, much larger increases (up to 27%) are allowed for some of the ...
International Progress on Kyoto - Law Associates Ltd Consultants
... governments allow them to hold carbon credits on country registers, or use them to offset their emissions. Internal markets for national carbon emission units exist then only at the discretion of each sovereign nation. How nations implement the KP to meet their obligations is up to them. To generate ...
... governments allow them to hold carbon credits on country registers, or use them to offset their emissions. Internal markets for national carbon emission units exist then only at the discretion of each sovereign nation. How nations implement the KP to meet their obligations is up to them. To generate ...
Climate Mitigation Policies, Distributional Justice and Social Policies
... current Kyoto policy framework 2. a consumption accounting framework (CAP): study all GHGs emitted by UK consumers, whether direct or embodied in goods and services It makes a big difference: – UK ‘consumes’ 17%-36% more CO2 emissions than it produces – China consumes at least 18% less than it produ ...
... current Kyoto policy framework 2. a consumption accounting framework (CAP): study all GHGs emitted by UK consumers, whether direct or embodied in goods and services It makes a big difference: – UK ‘consumes’ 17%-36% more CO2 emissions than it produces – China consumes at least 18% less than it produ ...
No Slide Title
... We need to limit cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide to avoid dangerous climate change. One trillion tonnes of carbon (1 TtC) implies a most likely warming of 2oC, with a 1-σ range of 1.6-2.6oC. Postponing emissions peak to 2020 does not “commit us to 2oC”, it commits us to potentially unfeasible ...
... We need to limit cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide to avoid dangerous climate change. One trillion tonnes of carbon (1 TtC) implies a most likely warming of 2oC, with a 1-σ range of 1.6-2.6oC. Postponing emissions peak to 2020 does not “commit us to 2oC”, it commits us to potentially unfeasible ...
Keeping Kyoto`s Rules and Obligations
... As more is known about the science and speed of climate change, it has become clear that developing countries will also have to take action to reduce projected emissions from this group. This action must be based on a country’s historical responsibility for emissions and its capability and potentia ...
... As more is known about the science and speed of climate change, it has become clear that developing countries will also have to take action to reduce projected emissions from this group. This action must be based on a country’s historical responsibility for emissions and its capability and potentia ...
View slides from Dimitri Zenghelis`s lecutre in Sofia
... Expected cost of cutting emissions consistent with 550ppm CO2e stabilisation trajectory averages 1% of GDP per year. •Macroeconomic models: 1% of GDP in 2050, in range +/- 3%. •Resource cost: 1% of GDP in 2050, in range –1% to +3.5%. ...
... Expected cost of cutting emissions consistent with 550ppm CO2e stabilisation trajectory averages 1% of GDP per year. •Macroeconomic models: 1% of GDP in 2050, in range +/- 3%. •Resource cost: 1% of GDP in 2050, in range –1% to +3.5%. ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.