Fixing a critical climate error T. Searchinger et al 2009
... The Kyoto Protocol caps the energy emissions of developed countries. But the protocol applies no limits to land use or any other emissions from developing countries, and special crediting rules for “forest management” allow developed countries to cancel out their own land-use emissions as well (1, 1 ...
... The Kyoto Protocol caps the energy emissions of developed countries. But the protocol applies no limits to land use or any other emissions from developing countries, and special crediting rules for “forest management” allow developed countries to cancel out their own land-use emissions as well (1, 1 ...
enerbal show - World Resources Institute
... would not have surplus under top-down allocation schemes Analytical grouping by emissions intensity (CO2 / GDP), ability to pay (GDP / pop), Human Dev Index? ...
... would not have surplus under top-down allocation schemes Analytical grouping by emissions intensity (CO2 / GDP), ability to pay (GDP / pop), Human Dev Index? ...
Legal Framework on Adaptation - European Capacity Building
... Assume cost of reducing emissions by 1 metric tonne is US - $10 by using pollution controls, or imposing regulations on waste emissions (plus political cost) Russia - $7 tonne, because old industrial processes, coal-fired plants India - $6 tonne through fuel switching. Kenya – by the planting of tre ...
... Assume cost of reducing emissions by 1 metric tonne is US - $10 by using pollution controls, or imposing regulations on waste emissions (plus political cost) Russia - $7 tonne, because old industrial processes, coal-fired plants India - $6 tonne through fuel switching. Kenya – by the planting of tre ...
Carbon Credits 101
... – Usually based on 100 year life in the atmosphere Carbon dioxide has a GWP of 1 The other Kyoto gases are expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents Methane has a GWP of 25, so 1 tonne of methane is equivalent to 25 tonnes of carbon dioxide or 25tCO2e ...
... – Usually based on 100 year life in the atmosphere Carbon dioxide has a GWP of 1 The other Kyoto gases are expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents Methane has a GWP of 25, so 1 tonne of methane is equivalent to 25 tonnes of carbon dioxide or 25tCO2e ...
Understanding The Economics of Global Climate Change
... Technical problems: (i) finding the Pigovian tax rate, (ii) finding a tax base strongly correlated with carbon emissions; in principle past estimates, trial and error can be used Also large political and coordination problems ...
... Technical problems: (i) finding the Pigovian tax rate, (ii) finding a tax base strongly correlated with carbon emissions; in principle past estimates, trial and error can be used Also large political and coordination problems ...
Rapid accumulation of committed sea-level rise from global warming
... thus not considered further here. One set of consequences implied by high vs. low continuing emissions is starkly different futures for the world’s coastal cities. A brief analysis of the contiguous United States illustrates this. Fig. 1 B and C shows projected increases in US municipalities with at ...
... thus not considered further here. One set of consequences implied by high vs. low continuing emissions is starkly different futures for the world’s coastal cities. A brief analysis of the contiguous United States illustrates this. Fig. 1 B and C shows projected increases in US municipalities with at ...
WORKING DRAFT Climate Policy as Political Entrepreneurship
... Somewhat unexpected coalitions of environmentalists and energy producers still sing together from green hymn books that call for final implementation of the Kyoto-blessed cap-and-trade greenhouse gas controls. However, there is a difference to be observed in how the singers make their music: The int ...
... Somewhat unexpected coalitions of environmentalists and energy producers still sing together from green hymn books that call for final implementation of the Kyoto-blessed cap-and-trade greenhouse gas controls. However, there is a difference to be observed in how the singers make their music: The int ...
talking points - Citizens` Climate Lobby
... and entrepreneurs seeing a predictable price signal will create breakthroughs in innovation that in some cases are even unimaginable at this point. A carbon fee is the most efficient and direct way to send a meaningful price signal to the markets, better than subsidies, but also better than alternat ...
... and entrepreneurs seeing a predictable price signal will create breakthroughs in innovation that in some cases are even unimaginable at this point. A carbon fee is the most efficient and direct way to send a meaningful price signal to the markets, better than subsidies, but also better than alternat ...
Why a Revenue Neutral Fee on Carbon Fuels Can Be Enacted in
... indicates that if the CPP successfully fosters a trading system within (and between) most of the states, the market trading price for permits is likely to range from zero to $10 per metric ton (MTCO2) by 2030. That would be far too low to lead to transformational change or the required clean technol ...
... indicates that if the CPP successfully fosters a trading system within (and between) most of the states, the market trading price for permits is likely to range from zero to $10 per metric ton (MTCO2) by 2030. That would be far too low to lead to transformational change or the required clean technol ...
download PowerPoint presentation pdf
... • Combination of the above can, with appropriate market institutions, help overcome the inequities of climate change and provide incentives for developing countries to play strong role in global deal, eventually taking on their own targets. • Within such a framework each country can advance with som ...
... • Combination of the above can, with appropriate market institutions, help overcome the inequities of climate change and provide incentives for developing countries to play strong role in global deal, eventually taking on their own targets. • Within such a framework each country can advance with som ...
Current State of International Climate Negotiations
... 3. Industrialized countries commit to reduce their emissions by 40% by 2020, compared to 1990 levels. 4. Developing countries agree to undertake significant action making emissions at least 30% lower than Business-As-Usual by 2020. 5. Zero net greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradat ...
... 3. Industrialized countries commit to reduce their emissions by 40% by 2020, compared to 1990 levels. 4. Developing countries agree to undertake significant action making emissions at least 30% lower than Business-As-Usual by 2020. 5. Zero net greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradat ...
from the following countries: BOLIVIA, CHINA, CUBA, DRC
... 40-50 per cent compared with the 1990 level by 2020, and as their equitable and appropriate contributions to the global effort to meet the objective of the Convention, to reduce such emissions to levels that reflect their historical responsibility and commensurate to ensuring equitable access to sus ...
... 40-50 per cent compared with the 1990 level by 2020, and as their equitable and appropriate contributions to the global effort to meet the objective of the Convention, to reduce such emissions to levels that reflect their historical responsibility and commensurate to ensuring equitable access to sus ...
Carbon neutral - Department of Premier and Cabinet
... Protocol was signed by Australia in 1997 but not ratified (given legal effect) until 2008. Amongst other things, it sets legally binding emission reduction obligations (generally known as ‘targets’) on certain countries, including Australia, for the period 2008 to 2012. National Electricity Market ( ...
... Protocol was signed by Australia in 1997 but not ratified (given legal effect) until 2008. Amongst other things, it sets legally binding emission reduction obligations (generally known as ‘targets’) on certain countries, including Australia, for the period 2008 to 2012. National Electricity Market ( ...
Topic 5: Climate change and Economic development: Why and how
... • Climate change and natural disasters • Use of outdated and inexpensive machinery and materials-industrial organic water pollutants highly toxic and capable of remaining in the environment for extended periods of time processing of industrial chemicals, pulp and paper manufacturing, food processing ...
... • Climate change and natural disasters • Use of outdated and inexpensive machinery and materials-industrial organic water pollutants highly toxic and capable of remaining in the environment for extended periods of time processing of industrial chemicals, pulp and paper manufacturing, food processing ...
PDF Download
... The third option for a distribution rule is to use the current GDP. The idea is to have richer countries reduce emissions on a larger scale than less wealthy countries. Therefore, in the third scenario the shares of 2004 GDP should be equal to the corresponding shares of total greenhouse gas reducti ...
... The third option for a distribution rule is to use the current GDP. The idea is to have richer countries reduce emissions on a larger scale than less wealthy countries. Therefore, in the third scenario the shares of 2004 GDP should be equal to the corresponding shares of total greenhouse gas reducti ...
Points to Make for Spain
... Because alternate approaches exist, and Because, e.g., the U.S. is vastly outperforming Europe on CO2 emissions This is a political opportunity: you can offer salvation, not from harmful “climate change” but from harmful climate change policies ...
... Because alternate approaches exist, and Because, e.g., the U.S. is vastly outperforming Europe on CO2 emissions This is a political opportunity: you can offer salvation, not from harmful “climate change” but from harmful climate change policies ...
AAFRDGHG101talk - Alberta Agriculture and Forestry
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: Conference of the Parties ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: Conference of the Parties ...
beyond Marx and Capitalism
... including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries ...
... including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries ...
Teresa Hitchcock Partner, UK Head of Safety Health and
... Focus now moving away from the big emitters, which in the EU are subject to the EU ETS, and towards consumption by public authorities and smaller businesses and also by households and individuals. Ultimately it is the choices of consumers which drive large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases and o ...
... Focus now moving away from the big emitters, which in the EU are subject to the EU ETS, and towards consumption by public authorities and smaller businesses and also by households and individuals. Ultimately it is the choices of consumers which drive large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases and o ...
Transcript (in Word format)
... several years. The law, which allows for emissions trading, is expected to reduce emissions by 2 to 4 million tons a year. And of course California, always at the leading edge in environmental policy, is now trying to regulate carbon emissions from cars and trucks. The state’s new law is being chall ...
... several years. The law, which allows for emissions trading, is expected to reduce emissions by 2 to 4 million tons a year. And of course California, always at the leading edge in environmental policy, is now trying to regulate carbon emissions from cars and trucks. The state’s new law is being chall ...
Legal Framework on Adaptation
... metric tonne is US - $10 by using pollution controls, or imposing regulations on waste emissions (plus political cost) Russia - $7 tonne, because old industrial processes, coal-fired plants India - $6 tonne through fuel switching. African country – by the planting of trees or shrubs, $4 hot air situ ...
... metric tonne is US - $10 by using pollution controls, or imposing regulations on waste emissions (plus political cost) Russia - $7 tonne, because old industrial processes, coal-fired plants India - $6 tonne through fuel switching. African country – by the planting of trees or shrubs, $4 hot air situ ...
Justice and Climate Change eric a. posner overview
... discussion In an international cap-and-trade system, participating nations would agree to an overall “cap” on emissions and each nation would receive a share of total emission rights or permits under the cap. The allocation of emission rights would not bear on the effectiveness or efficiency of the ...
... discussion In an international cap-and-trade system, participating nations would agree to an overall “cap” on emissions and each nation would receive a share of total emission rights or permits under the cap. The allocation of emission rights would not bear on the effectiveness or efficiency of the ...
Climate change - European Commission
... renewable sources like wind and solar — more than double today’s share. A series of measures is also being implemented to improve energy efficiency by 20% by the same deadline. ...
... renewable sources like wind and solar — more than double today’s share. A series of measures is also being implemented to improve energy efficiency by 20% by the same deadline. ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.