Connection of Propionyl-CoA Metabolism to Polyketide
... We recently presented data suggesting that perturbations in the acyl-CoA pool can impair polyketide biosynthesis in A. nidulans. We found that blockage of propionate metabolism by mutation in the mcsA gene (encoding methylcitrate synthase) impairs polyketide production in A. nidulans (Zhang and Kell ...
... We recently presented data suggesting that perturbations in the acyl-CoA pool can impair polyketide biosynthesis in A. nidulans. We found that blockage of propionate metabolism by mutation in the mcsA gene (encoding methylcitrate synthase) impairs polyketide production in A. nidulans (Zhang and Kell ...
The phosphopantetheinyl transferases
... acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), whereas the CPs of NRPSs are referred to as peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs). In order for these synthases to function in primary and secondary metabolism of (iteratively) produced intermediates and products, conserved serine residues of the CPs must be functionalized b ...
... acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), whereas the CPs of NRPSs are referred to as peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs). In order for these synthases to function in primary and secondary metabolism of (iteratively) produced intermediates and products, conserved serine residues of the CPs must be functionalized b ...
Biochemical, or Molecular, Genetics
... Natural Selection • Directional Selection – After several generations of selection, gene frequencies change • Natural selection will have occurred • Adaptive—favored by natural selection ...
... Natural Selection • Directional Selection – After several generations of selection, gene frequencies change • Natural selection will have occurred • Adaptive—favored by natural selection ...
Stereochemistry and Mechanism of Reactions Catalyzed by
... As in the case of other pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzymes which carry out p replacement and/or a$ elimination reactions of amino acids, the reaction sequence leads via a series of aldimine and ketimine complexes between the substrate amino acid and the cofactor to an enzyme-bound Schiff s base ...
... As in the case of other pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzymes which carry out p replacement and/or a$ elimination reactions of amino acids, the reaction sequence leads via a series of aldimine and ketimine complexes between the substrate amino acid and the cofactor to an enzyme-bound Schiff s base ...
Microbiology
... translation initiation context, but no promoter, and thus acts as a promoter-probe transposon. In addition, a gus operon deletion strain of Escherichia coli, and a transposon designed for use in chromosomal mapping using PFGE, are described. The GUS transposons are constructed in a mini-Tn5 system w ...
... translation initiation context, but no promoter, and thus acts as a promoter-probe transposon. In addition, a gus operon deletion strain of Escherichia coli, and a transposon designed for use in chromosomal mapping using PFGE, are described. The GUS transposons are constructed in a mini-Tn5 system w ...
Comparative transcriptomics reveals key gene expression
... of threefold differential expression between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis during steady-state growth in continuous culture. Forty-three M. bovis genes showed higher expression than their M. tuberculosis orthologues, while 49 genes showed higher expression in M. tuberculosis (Tables 1 and 2, respecti ...
... of threefold differential expression between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis during steady-state growth in continuous culture. Forty-three M. bovis genes showed higher expression than their M. tuberculosis orthologues, while 49 genes showed higher expression in M. tuberculosis (Tables 1 and 2, respecti ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... Finally, TnphoA insertions in the nodL gene affected nodulation so that only rarely nodules were induced on the inoculated plants. The nucleotide sequence of this gene is presented. On the basis of the sequence a membrane integrated protein is predicted with a molecular weight of 20.1 kDa. Microscop ...
... Finally, TnphoA insertions in the nodL gene affected nodulation so that only rarely nodules were induced on the inoculated plants. The nucleotide sequence of this gene is presented. On the basis of the sequence a membrane integrated protein is predicted with a molecular weight of 20.1 kDa. Microscop ...
AP Biology Chapter 15 Worksheet
... 2. What may be the result of this situation. 3. Explain what is meant by aneuploidy and how it occurs. 4. Explain what monosomic and trisomic cells are. 5. Explain what is meant by polyploidy and how it occurs. 6. Explain what a tetraploid is. 7. What is the potential result of polyploidy? 8. Can po ...
... 2. What may be the result of this situation. 3. Explain what is meant by aneuploidy and how it occurs. 4. Explain what monosomic and trisomic cells are. 5. Explain what is meant by polyploidy and how it occurs. 6. Explain what a tetraploid is. 7. What is the potential result of polyploidy? 8. Can po ...
Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid
... Table 3. Effect of 2,6-di-0-methyl-a-cyclodextrin on the composition offatty acids synthesized by fatty acid synthetase from lactating goat mammary gland The incubation system is described in the Materials and methods section. The incubations contained fatty acid synthetase (232,g; specific activity ...
... Table 3. Effect of 2,6-di-0-methyl-a-cyclodextrin on the composition offatty acids synthesized by fatty acid synthetase from lactating goat mammary gland The incubation system is described in the Materials and methods section. The incubations contained fatty acid synthetase (232,g; specific activity ...
Figures and figure supplements
... canonical TG/CA dinucleotides as well as the 5 nucleotide target site duplications (TSDs) flanking the provirus. ERV, endogenous retrovirus. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.12704.003 ...
... canonical TG/CA dinucleotides as well as the 5 nucleotide target site duplications (TSDs) flanking the provirus. ERV, endogenous retrovirus. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.12704.003 ...
Natural Variation in Sensitivity to a Loss of Chloroplast Translation in
... dominant Tsu-0 suppressor unlinked to the EMB locus should enable 75% of the mutant seeds in siliques of selfed F1 heterozygotes to reach a later stage of development. In addition, three classes of F2 heterozygotes are expected in the next generation: those with a late seed phenotype, those with an ...
... dominant Tsu-0 suppressor unlinked to the EMB locus should enable 75% of the mutant seeds in siliques of selfed F1 heterozygotes to reach a later stage of development. In addition, three classes of F2 heterozygotes are expected in the next generation: those with a late seed phenotype, those with an ...
Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Aragorn - SEA
... In Summary: The phages that contain more than 1 tRNA within their genomes tend to localize the tRNAs to certain regions of the genomes (also called “tRNA clusters” in the phage tRNA literature.) It is highly unusual that a phage with multiple tRNAs will contain a sole tRNA distant genomically from ...
... In Summary: The phages that contain more than 1 tRNA within their genomes tend to localize the tRNAs to certain regions of the genomes (also called “tRNA clusters” in the phage tRNA literature.) It is highly unusual that a phage with multiple tRNAs will contain a sole tRNA distant genomically from ...
Predicting_tRNA_and_tmRNA_genes_12-2-16
... In Summary: The phages that contain more than 1 tRNA within their genomes tend to localize the tRNAs to certain regions of the genomes (also called “tRNA clusters” in the phage tRNA literature.) It is highly unusual that a phage with multiple tRNAs will contain a sole tRNA distant genomically from ...
... In Summary: The phages that contain more than 1 tRNA within their genomes tend to localize the tRNAs to certain regions of the genomes (also called “tRNA clusters” in the phage tRNA literature.) It is highly unusual that a phage with multiple tRNAs will contain a sole tRNA distant genomically from ...
Three-Dimensional Algebraic Models of the tRNA Code and 12
... evolutionary paths of the genetic code were also analyzed algebraically and can be clearly visualized in three, four and six dimensions [13,14]. In this work, we focus on the codon-anticodon rules for which we develop algebraic models. In previous works [12,13], algebraic models were rigorously deri ...
... evolutionary paths of the genetic code were also analyzed algebraically and can be clearly visualized in three, four and six dimensions [13,14]. In this work, we focus on the codon-anticodon rules for which we develop algebraic models. In previous works [12,13], algebraic models were rigorously deri ...
BAM Receptors Regulate Stem Cell Specification and Organ
... phosphatases POLTERGEIST (POL) and PLL1 are signaling intermediates acting downstream of CLV1, CLV2, and CLV3. POL/PLL1 act to maintain WUS expression within the meristem, while CLV signaling represses POL/PLL1 activity (Yu et al. 2000, 2003; Song and Clark 2005; Song et al. 2006). The remaining gen ...
... phosphatases POLTERGEIST (POL) and PLL1 are signaling intermediates acting downstream of CLV1, CLV2, and CLV3. POL/PLL1 act to maintain WUS expression within the meristem, while CLV signaling represses POL/PLL1 activity (Yu et al. 2000, 2003; Song and Clark 2005; Song et al. 2006). The remaining gen ...
Natural variation in nucleolar dominance reveals
... n genetic hybrids or allopolyploids, nucleoli often assemble at specific chromosomal loci of one parent but not the other. This phenomenon, known as nucleolar dominance (1–4), was initially discovered as a change in chromosome structure (5). At nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), the loci where nucl ...
... n genetic hybrids or allopolyploids, nucleoli often assemble at specific chromosomal loci of one parent but not the other. This phenomenon, known as nucleolar dominance (1–4), was initially discovered as a change in chromosome structure (5). At nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), the loci where nucl ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... sequences of eight exons (Fig. 3). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approaches, along with the analyses of Mitf mutations, have revealed a variety of alternatively spliced mRNAs lacking particular exons or parts of exons. Intriguingly, as shown in Fig. 3, the 3' splice juncti ...
... sequences of eight exons (Fig. 3). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approaches, along with the analyses of Mitf mutations, have revealed a variety of alternatively spliced mRNAs lacking particular exons or parts of exons. Intriguingly, as shown in Fig. 3, the 3' splice juncti ...
Phenylketonuria - Solace Nutrition
... PAH is necessary to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Without PAH, phenylalanine cannot be broken down, and thus accumulates at toxic levels in the blood and tissues. The normal blood phenylalanine level is about 1 mg/dl. Patients with PKU typically range from 6 to 80 mg/dl ...
... PAH is necessary to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Without PAH, phenylalanine cannot be broken down, and thus accumulates at toxic levels in the blood and tissues. The normal blood phenylalanine level is about 1 mg/dl. Patients with PKU typically range from 6 to 80 mg/dl ...
4. Responding to environment Booklet TN
... DO NOT CREDIT ‘inhibits dopamine’ or ‘reduces dopamine levels’ (d) humans are, diploid/2n; chromosomes, are in pairs/homologous; one, (copy/gene/allele), from each parent/on each chromosome of pair; DO NOT CREDIT ref to bivalents (e) (gel) electrophoresis; (f) 1. 13 bp deletion (has most serious con ...
... DO NOT CREDIT ‘inhibits dopamine’ or ‘reduces dopamine levels’ (d) humans are, diploid/2n; chromosomes, are in pairs/homologous; one, (copy/gene/allele), from each parent/on each chromosome of pair; DO NOT CREDIT ref to bivalents (e) (gel) electrophoresis; (f) 1. 13 bp deletion (has most serious con ...
Lactococcus lactis as expression host for the biosynthetic
... strains to stimulate the incorporation of Trp analogues [18]. This approach was explored for L. lactis PA1001 in CDM. A concentration of 0.2 mg/ml of IAA completely inhibited the growth of L. lactis PA1001 (Figure 3A). However, addition of Trp did not elevate the IAA-inhibitory effect, suggesting th ...
... strains to stimulate the incorporation of Trp analogues [18]. This approach was explored for L. lactis PA1001 in CDM. A concentration of 0.2 mg/ml of IAA completely inhibited the growth of L. lactis PA1001 (Figure 3A). However, addition of Trp did not elevate the IAA-inhibitory effect, suggesting th ...
Formate Dehydrogenase, Molecular Modeling and Docking with
... Swiss. As shown in Fig. 2, the Formate dehydrogenase from O. parapolymorpha DL-1 was modeled into dimer structure. As shown in Fig. 3A, the Ramachandran plot for FDH suggested 87.1%, 12.6%, 0.3% and 0.0% for residues in most favoured regions, additional allowed regions, generously allowed regions an ...
... Swiss. As shown in Fig. 2, the Formate dehydrogenase from O. parapolymorpha DL-1 was modeled into dimer structure. As shown in Fig. 3A, the Ramachandran plot for FDH suggested 87.1%, 12.6%, 0.3% and 0.0% for residues in most favoured regions, additional allowed regions, generously allowed regions an ...
The Mitochondrial Genome of Chara vulgaris
... Marchantia mitochondrial rps3 genes share a deletion of one codon, which is present in all other streptophyte mtDNAs examined here. Unexpectedly, we found that the last 13 codons of the Chara nad4L gene are highly divergent from the corresponding sequence in land plant mtDNAs, whereas the 3 termin ...
... Marchantia mitochondrial rps3 genes share a deletion of one codon, which is present in all other streptophyte mtDNAs examined here. Unexpectedly, we found that the last 13 codons of the Chara nad4L gene are highly divergent from the corresponding sequence in land plant mtDNAs, whereas the 3 termin ...
Solution Blowing of Soy Protein Fibers
... control, soy protein isolate was also subjected to the same treatment and it was found that it was never fully destroyed and left residual quite comparable in volume to the original soy protein. Therefore, it was established that after such treatment the PAN-based core−shell samples will not be holl ...
... control, soy protein isolate was also subjected to the same treatment and it was found that it was never fully destroyed and left residual quite comparable in volume to the original soy protein. Therefore, it was established that after such treatment the PAN-based core−shell samples will not be holl ...
Development and characterization of DehaloR^2, a novel anaerobic
... 1995; Kittelmann and Friedrich 2008a), reductively dechlorinating microorganisms from these water sources have not been extensively studied, but could potentially provide a wealth of novel chlorinated ethene-respiring bacteria. Various strains of Dehalococcoides sp. are the only identified bacteria ...
... 1995; Kittelmann and Friedrich 2008a), reductively dechlorinating microorganisms from these water sources have not been extensively studied, but could potentially provide a wealth of novel chlorinated ethene-respiring bacteria. Various strains of Dehalococcoides sp. are the only identified bacteria ...
Point mutation
A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. A point mutant is an individual that is affected by a point mutation.Repeat induced point mutations are recurring point mutations, discussed below.