Chapter 15
... 2. Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord 3. Peripheral nervous system: the neurons that convey messages to and from the rest of the body Note: Each of the cerebral hemispheres receives sensory information from the opposite side of the brain, and also controls motor responses on the oppos ...
... 2. Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord 3. Peripheral nervous system: the neurons that convey messages to and from the rest of the body Note: Each of the cerebral hemispheres receives sensory information from the opposite side of the brain, and also controls motor responses on the oppos ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
Comparison of population coherence of place cells in hippocampal
... allowed unambiguous assignments to either CA1 or CA3 were used for further analysis, and data from the tetrodes in CA2 or the hilar area were discarded. After a week of recovery from electrode implant surgery, the rats were trained (7–13 days) to circle clockwise (CW) on a circular track (56 cm inne ...
... allowed unambiguous assignments to either CA1 or CA3 were used for further analysis, and data from the tetrodes in CA2 or the hilar area were discarded. After a week of recovery from electrode implant surgery, the rats were trained (7–13 days) to circle clockwise (CW) on a circular track (56 cm inne ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... Lying either side of the forebrain/midbrain boundary, at the hub of the mammalian brain, the basal ganglia are a group of highly interconnected brain structures with a critical influence over movement and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for a cluster of human brain disorders including Park ...
... Lying either side of the forebrain/midbrain boundary, at the hub of the mammalian brain, the basal ganglia are a group of highly interconnected brain structures with a critical influence over movement and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for a cluster of human brain disorders including Park ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior, it is now apparent in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas that are important for learning and memory and for emotions and affective stat ...
... the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior, it is now apparent in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas that are important for learning and memory and for emotions and affective stat ...
Neurons of human nucleus accumbens
... the spiny I type of neurons in monkey striatum described by Di Figlia et al. 12. Our fusiform neuron (type I) could correspond to the spiny I neurons with flattened soma described by some authors 12. However, human striate spiny neurons with six primary dendrites described by others 13 could corresp ...
... the spiny I type of neurons in monkey striatum described by Di Figlia et al. 12. Our fusiform neuron (type I) could correspond to the spiny I neurons with flattened soma described by some authors 12. However, human striate spiny neurons with six primary dendrites described by others 13 could corresp ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... Abstract: The prefrontal cortex participates in a variety of higher cognitive functions. The concept of working memory is now widely used to understand prefrontal functions. Neurophysiological studies have revealed that stimulus-selective delay-period activity is a neural correlate of the mechanism ...
... Abstract: The prefrontal cortex participates in a variety of higher cognitive functions. The concept of working memory is now widely used to understand prefrontal functions. Neurophysiological studies have revealed that stimulus-selective delay-period activity is a neural correlate of the mechanism ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... and Collins, 2000; Goosens and Maren, 2004), and, therefore, cannot be responsible for maintaining freezing responses. This suggests that there are additional structures downstream from LA that show sustained conditioned responses and are responsible for sustaining freezing. To date, however, no suc ...
... and Collins, 2000; Goosens and Maren, 2004), and, therefore, cannot be responsible for maintaining freezing responses. This suggests that there are additional structures downstream from LA that show sustained conditioned responses and are responsible for sustaining freezing. To date, however, no suc ...
Gordian Knot Article - Mindfulness Tinnitus relief
... in a patient’s response to old and new stimuli. Research conducted by Sara Lazar and her colleagues3 at Harvard suggests that meditation (a well-known mindfulness practice) can lead to cortical growth and thickening in parts of the brain associated with focal attention, fear, and emotional regulatio ...
... in a patient’s response to old and new stimuli. Research conducted by Sara Lazar and her colleagues3 at Harvard suggests that meditation (a well-known mindfulness practice) can lead to cortical growth and thickening in parts of the brain associated with focal attention, fear, and emotional regulatio ...
Reduced functional connectivity within and between `social` resting
... network subserves are correlated with the resting functional connectivity of that network (Seeley et al., 2007). In light of these observations, an interesting question is to what extent task-based differences in specific brain regions in ASC are reflected in different connectivity patterns of their ...
... network subserves are correlated with the resting functional connectivity of that network (Seeley et al., 2007). In light of these observations, an interesting question is to what extent task-based differences in specific brain regions in ASC are reflected in different connectivity patterns of their ...
Word Definition 12 Cranial Nerve innervation of
... temporal part of the cerebral hemisphere. It is a kind of “caudal outpost” of the ventral striatum. It is mostly a subcortical structure but it has a cortical nucleus that reaches the surface of the brain and receives projections from the olfactory bulb, mostly from the accessory bulb. It consists o ...
... temporal part of the cerebral hemisphere. It is a kind of “caudal outpost” of the ventral striatum. It is mostly a subcortical structure but it has a cortical nucleus that reaches the surface of the brain and receives projections from the olfactory bulb, mostly from the accessory bulb. It consists o ...
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... senses. The eight drops include four pairs of arousing (masculine) and calming (feminine) vital fluids that together modulate the four main levels and states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, sleeping, and orgasmic. Although primarily located within the central channel at the level of the heart hub ...
... senses. The eight drops include four pairs of arousing (masculine) and calming (feminine) vital fluids that together modulate the four main levels and states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, sleeping, and orgasmic. Although primarily located within the central channel at the level of the heart hub ...
Tinnitus: What You Need to Know
... headaches, and vision loss. Usually has cerebrospinal fluid composition within reference range and no other cause of intracranial hypertension showed by neuroimaging.13. Frequent in obese young females using oral contraceptives pills. ...
... headaches, and vision loss. Usually has cerebrospinal fluid composition within reference range and no other cause of intracranial hypertension showed by neuroimaging.13. Frequent in obese young females using oral contraceptives pills. ...
The development of emotion regulation: an fMRI
... the self and others (as one attends to one’s own emotional state or rethinks those of others during the reappraisal process; Ochsner et al., 2004; Ochsner et al., 2009; McRae et al., in press). Although reappraisal is largely considered a cognitive regulatory skill, it is possible that developmental ...
... the self and others (as one attends to one’s own emotional state or rethinks those of others during the reappraisal process; Ochsner et al., 2004; Ochsner et al., 2009; McRae et al., in press). Although reappraisal is largely considered a cognitive regulatory skill, it is possible that developmental ...
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to
... amygdala [28], as well as to the hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate [29] and via the reticular activating system to the sensory cortex [30,31]. The sensory cortex then directs information directly to the amygdala, or via the hippocampus and then to the amygdala. [32]. The hippocampus does ...
... amygdala [28], as well as to the hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate [29] and via the reticular activating system to the sensory cortex [30,31]. The sensory cortex then directs information directly to the amygdala, or via the hippocampus and then to the amygdala. [32]. The hippocampus does ...
- Warwick WRAP
... 0.689 for endotherms (including mammals, birds, insectivores, primates, dolphins and humans), and C = 0.014 and α = 0.578 for ectotherms (primarily fish, reptiles and amphibians). The parameters C and α vary across species (see Additional file 1: Table S1). A closer examination of the distributions ...
... 0.689 for endotherms (including mammals, birds, insectivores, primates, dolphins and humans), and C = 0.014 and α = 0.578 for ectotherms (primarily fish, reptiles and amphibians). The parameters C and α vary across species (see Additional file 1: Table S1). A closer examination of the distributions ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... Rostral (areas 11, O121 ) and caudal (area OPro) orbitofrontal areas were connected with the AM, but had few, if any, connections with the AV nucleus. Projections from area OPro to the AM were studied in three cases. Significant connections with the anterior nuclei were seen in only one case (case A ...
... Rostral (areas 11, O121 ) and caudal (area OPro) orbitofrontal areas were connected with the AM, but had few, if any, connections with the AV nucleus. Projections from area OPro to the AM were studied in three cases. Significant connections with the anterior nuclei were seen in only one case (case A ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
Surgical Planning Laboratory
... • The Hippocampus is located in the depth of the temporal lobe; on coronal sections, its shape resembles that of a sea horse, and this is where it derives its name from • The Hippocampus consists of the following sub-structures: Dentate gyrus, Hippocampus proper (Amon’s horn), Subiculum and Entorhin ...
... • The Hippocampus is located in the depth of the temporal lobe; on coronal sections, its shape resembles that of a sea horse, and this is where it derives its name from • The Hippocampus consists of the following sub-structures: Dentate gyrus, Hippocampus proper (Amon’s horn), Subiculum and Entorhin ...
Limbic system
The limbic system (or paleomammalian brain) is a complex set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum. It is not a separate system but a collection of structures from the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. It includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, fornix, columns of fornix, mammillary body, septum pellucidum, habenular commissure, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, limbic cortex, and limbic midbrain areas.The limbic system supports a variety of functions including epinephrine flow, emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of memories.Although the term only originated in the 1940s, some neuroscientists, including Joseph LeDoux, have suggested that the concept of a functionally unified limbic system should be abandoned as obsolete because it is grounded mainly in historical concepts of brain anatomy that are no longer accepted as accurate.