Structural Abnormalities of the Central Auditory Pathway in Infants
... They reported the presence of a specific midline brain anomaly (enlarged cavum septi pellucidi) and other brain abnormalities in adult men with NSCL/P. The research group believed that the etiology of these cognitive deficits was primarily a problem of abnormal brain development. Interestingly, the ...
... They reported the presence of a specific midline brain anomaly (enlarged cavum septi pellucidi) and other brain abnormalities in adult men with NSCL/P. The research group believed that the etiology of these cognitive deficits was primarily a problem of abnormal brain development. Interestingly, the ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and brain stem are devoid of this isoform. Further evidence for spectrin compartmentation comes from its ontogeny. Membrane-associated cuyspectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic a&spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal wee ...
... the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and brain stem are devoid of this isoform. Further evidence for spectrin compartmentation comes from its ontogeny. Membrane-associated cuyspectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic a&spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal wee ...
Tracking Whole-Brain Connectivity Dynamics in the Resting State
... terms (Hagmann et al. 2008; Buckner et al. 2009). This dramatically different view on aspects of brain function may in turn help improve diagnostic relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular where activation differences are subtle (Fornito and Bullmore 2012). Despite such progress, we a ...
... terms (Hagmann et al. 2008; Buckner et al. 2009). This dramatically different view on aspects of brain function may in turn help improve diagnostic relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular where activation differences are subtle (Fornito and Bullmore 2012). Despite such progress, we a ...
5-28-2007
... the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (Heimer and Van Hoesen, 2006). It remains an open question whether or not activations related to the basal forebrain corticopetal system can be segregated from those cell groups that belong to the extended amygdala system. Finally, consistent with the state-de ...
... the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (Heimer and Van Hoesen, 2006). It remains an open question whether or not activations related to the basal forebrain corticopetal system can be segregated from those cell groups that belong to the extended amygdala system. Finally, consistent with the state-de ...
cerebral and gastric histamine system is altered after portocaval shunt
... in response to feeding or injection of pentagastrin and insulin. Portocavally shunted rats are a suitable animal model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (5) and in our studies on neurochemical alterations in the CNS triggered by chronic liver dysfunction we have found that an enhanced histamine synthes ...
... in response to feeding or injection of pentagastrin and insulin. Portocavally shunted rats are a suitable animal model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (5) and in our studies on neurochemical alterations in the CNS triggered by chronic liver dysfunction we have found that an enhanced histamine synthes ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... LEUNG, L. S. Generation of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 275–290, 1998.—In the behaving rat, theta rhythm was dominant during walking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, while irregular slow activity predominated during immobility and slow-wave sleep. Oscillatory ...
... LEUNG, L. S. Generation of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 275–290, 1998.—In the behaving rat, theta rhythm was dominant during walking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, while irregular slow activity predominated during immobility and slow-wave sleep. Oscillatory ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... The control of spatial memory in the human cerebral cortex was recently reviewed [32]. The memory-guided saccade paradigm is commonly used to study this function with eye movements. In this paradigm, the participant has to memorize the location of a target flashed in the peripheral visual field while ...
... The control of spatial memory in the human cerebral cortex was recently reviewed [32]. The memory-guided saccade paradigm is commonly used to study this function with eye movements. In this paradigm, the participant has to memorize the location of a target flashed in the peripheral visual field while ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
The interplay between oxidative stress and brain-derived
... The mechanisms by which a HF diet can affect BDNF expression are largely unknown. Based on the effects of a HF diet on oxidative stress (OS), and the fundamental role that OS plays in neuronal function, we performed studies to evaluate a possible involvement of OS with the effects of the HF diet in ...
... The mechanisms by which a HF diet can affect BDNF expression are largely unknown. Based on the effects of a HF diet on oxidative stress (OS), and the fundamental role that OS plays in neuronal function, we performed studies to evaluate a possible involvement of OS with the effects of the HF diet in ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala
... unreasonable over-generalized fear can have dramatic effects on all aspects of one’s life. Over-generalized fear is one of the biggest symptoms of anxiety disorders, in particular disorders of fear regulation, including phobia, panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an exam ...
... unreasonable over-generalized fear can have dramatic effects on all aspects of one’s life. Over-generalized fear is one of the biggest symptoms of anxiety disorders, in particular disorders of fear regulation, including phobia, panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an exam ...
Time Related Effects on Functional Brain Connectivity After
... method) [Greve and Fischl, 2009; Smith, 2002]. The T1weighted scans were non-linearly registered to the MNI 152 standard space (the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada) using FMRIB’s Nonlinear Image Registration Tool. Registration parameters were estimated on non-smoothed data to t ...
... method) [Greve and Fischl, 2009; Smith, 2002]. The T1weighted scans were non-linearly registered to the MNI 152 standard space (the Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada) using FMRIB’s Nonlinear Image Registration Tool. Registration parameters were estimated on non-smoothed data to t ...
Biological Bases of Bx Test
... c. neural network. d. junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. e. neural cable containing many axons. ...
... c. neural network. d. junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. e. neural cable containing many axons. ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... The perirhinal cortex in both monkeys and rats is composed of two cytoarchitectonically distinct areas (areas 35 and 36) originally described by Brodmann [7]. In monkeys, perirhinal areas 35 and 36 form a band of cortex situated lateral to the full extent of the rhinal sulcus (Figure la) [P]. On the ...
... The perirhinal cortex in both monkeys and rats is composed of two cytoarchitectonically distinct areas (areas 35 and 36) originally described by Brodmann [7]. In monkeys, perirhinal areas 35 and 36 form a band of cortex situated lateral to the full extent of the rhinal sulcus (Figure la) [P]. On the ...
Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field
... The general surgical procedures for chronic recordings have been described (Csicsvari et al. 2003). In short, rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (400 –900 g) were anesthetized with a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), xylazine (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 mg/ml) and placed in the stereo ...
... The general surgical procedures for chronic recordings have been described (Csicsvari et al. 2003). In short, rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (400 –900 g) were anesthetized with a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), xylazine (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 mg/ml) and placed in the stereo ...
The Status of Semantic and Episodic Memory in Amnesia
... words). H.M. had been tested on these subtests 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000. When his performance across these test sessions was analyzed, there was no main effect of time, suggesting that H.M.’s semantic knowledge had remained consistent over time, and was not negatively affected ...
... words). H.M. had been tested on these subtests 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000. When his performance across these test sessions was analyzed, there was no main effect of time, suggesting that H.M.’s semantic knowledge had remained consistent over time, and was not negatively affected ...
Limbic system
The limbic system (or paleomammalian brain) is a complex set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum. It is not a separate system but a collection of structures from the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. It includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, fornix, columns of fornix, mammillary body, septum pellucidum, habenular commissure, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, limbic cortex, and limbic midbrain areas.The limbic system supports a variety of functions including epinephrine flow, emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of memories.Although the term only originated in the 1940s, some neuroscientists, including Joseph LeDoux, have suggested that the concept of a functionally unified limbic system should be abandoned as obsolete because it is grounded mainly in historical concepts of brain anatomy that are no longer accepted as accurate.