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Dimensions of Scalability in Cognitive Models
Dimensions of Scalability in Cognitive Models

... • Online Linguistic Adaptation is a known phenomenon – syntactic, lexical. Between two and more participants. – Nodes can adapt to their immediate surroundings • Tree hierarchies function very well when stable, but are not robust to structural change – Tree hierarchies represent contemporary organiz ...
An Argument for Reversing the Bases of Science
An Argument for Reversing the Bases of Science

... itself, prevalent among science teachers (and perhaps also among scientists)? We propose that the answer to this question is yes. The purpose of this paper is to argue for a renewal of the philosophical understanding of SE, primarily. However, by implication, our arguments have some bearing also on ...
Rewording the world: poststructuralism, deconstruction and the `real
Rewording the world: poststructuralism, deconstruction and the `real

... Kirkpatrick Sale, 1985), an ideology that is championed by a number of environmental educators (e.g., C.A. Bowers, 1993; 1995; 2002; David Orr, 1992). Spretnak (1999) sees bioregions as viable alternatives to the modern nation-state: The land masses of Earth are organized into bioregions delineated ...
Enhancing the Explanatory Power of Intelligent, Model
Enhancing the Explanatory Power of Intelligent, Model

... is an artificial intelligence system which is capable of learning to recognize patterns and relationships in the data it processes. A neural network simulates the human ability to classify things based on the experience of seeing many examples. ...
The Roy Adaptation Model - Papers World
The Roy Adaptation Model - Papers World

... The nurse uses activities to increase adaptive and decrease ineffective responses during illness and health. These activities alter or manipulate the client's focal, contextual and residual stimuli and expand his repertoire of effective coping mechanisms. Nursing focuses on the person (adaptive sys ...
Why Dreyfus’ Frame Problem Argument Cannot Justify Anti-  Representational AI
Why Dreyfus’ Frame Problem Argument Cannot Justify Anti- Representational AI

... Another way to put this problem is to say that Artificial Intelligence must face the problem of determining the relevance of facts it knows to some problem at hand. This, the problem of relevance, is what many believe lies at the heart of the frame problem, and which will continue to be a serious pr ...
III. Symbolic AI as a Degenerating Research Program
III. Symbolic AI as a Degenerating Research Program

... implicit in Descartes’ understanding of the world as a set of meaningless facts to which the mind assigned what Descartes called values. Heidegger warned that values are just more meaningless facts. To say a hammer has the function of hammering leaves out the relation of hammers to nails and other e ...
Problem - Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools
Problem - Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools

... tutors, human-computer interaction, empirical methods to guide system design Abstract. We are developing a suite of Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT) intended to make tutor development both easier and faster for experienced cognitive modelers and possible for potential modelers who are not expe ...
Midterm 1
Midterm 1

... impacts another. The variable being manipulated is called the independent variable. The variable that is being measured to see how the manipulation impacts it is called the dependent variable. Since the variable being manipulated in this example is the existence of the review session (having one or ...
15. MANAGING KNOWLEDGE
15. MANAGING KNOWLEDGE

... • AI SHELL: Programming environment of expert system • INFERENCE ENGINE: Search through rule base – FORWARD CHAINING: Uses input; searches rules for answer – BACKWARD CHAINING: Begins with hypothesis, seeks information until hypothesis accepted or rejected ...
Albert Bandura Paper
Albert Bandura Paper

... last condition is your motivation, (McLeod). Do you have a good reason to imitate the behavior? Bandura’s social learning theory is extremely important because it proves that not all learning is through the result of conditioning. His theory shows that you can learn simply by observing the actions ...
Situated Comprehension of Imperative Sentences in Embodied
Situated Comprehension of Imperative Sentences in Embodied

... an interrogation - “where is the blue couch?” results in a speech act that provides the requested information. Other utterances might result in perceptual simulation. Recognizing the intention behind an utterance is a significantly complex challenge and an open area of research. For the purposes of ...
How to learn sociality : Mandeville and Hayek
How to learn sociality : Mandeville and Hayek

... principle of virtue or religion but being the result of art and education, can easily be turned into vices again: “The same Fear of Shame, that makes Men sometimes appear so highly virtuous, may at others oblige them to commit the most heinous Crimes” (Third Dialogue, 2:124; “A Search,” 1:343). In t ...
AGED 601
AGED 601

...  The nature and pacing of rewards and punishments – find which are effective  The teacher encourages the student to discover principles by themselves  Teachers and students discuss issues and concepts – use questions to lead them to learning  Recursive questioning – Socratic method  Teachers tr ...
In human life, there are many things people think they know with
In human life, there are many things people think they know with

... know something, we first need to experience it or observe it. Some philosophers held the idea that whatever exists, or whatever can be known to exist, must be in some sense mental. This basic principle forms the grounds of idealism are generally derived from the theory of knowledge where things must ...
AI*IA Workshop on Deep Understanding and Reasoning: A
AI*IA Workshop on Deep Understanding and Reasoning: A

... and techniques such as Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Constraint-based reasoning, Logic, Planning, Case-based reasoning, Human-Machine Interaction, and Cognitive Science, and could represent an important step forward reducing the fragmentation of modern AI. Reconciliation of differen ...
Major AI Research Areas - Cognitive Computing Research Group
Major AI Research Areas - Cognitive Computing Research Group

... Papert also conjectured that even mulit-layered perceptrons would prove to have similar limitations. Though this conjecture proved to be mostly false, the government agencies funding AI research took it seriously. Funding for neural net research dried up, leading to a neural net winter that didn’t a ...
How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction
How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction

... or properties are best captured by using probabilistic models with different forms (Fig. 2): twodimensional spaces or grids for reasoning about geographic properties of cities, one-dimensional orders for reasoning about values or abilities, or directed networks for causally transmitted properties of ...
Memories and Dreams of Social Interaction
Memories and Dreams of Social Interaction

... neglected. Since interacting with a robot is still a novel situation for most people (not including HRI researchers), what subjects remember and dream of after such an encounter remains largely a mystery. Furthermore, for a robot to behave in a more human-like manner, the same memories of ...
Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior
Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior

... Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. Understand cognitive theories regarding perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, reasoning, cognition and emotion. 2. Understand clinical applications of modern cognitive and affective theories. 3. Understand ...
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a

... intermodal mapping can be conceived of as a ‘supramodal act space’, unconstrained by any particular mode of interaction, visual or motor. Modes of interaction as diverse as seeing or doing something must share some peculiar feature making the process of equivalence carried out by AIM possible. Early ...
Soar - Information Sciences Institute
Soar - Information Sciences Institute

... Officially created in 1983 – Roots in 1950’s and onwards ...
Hearing (sound waves)
Hearing (sound waves)

... before being transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. • The opponent process theory explains perception within the ganglion cells, thalamus and visual cortex. ...
aproaches-revision-book
aproaches-revision-book

...  Highly experimental, research can be generalised, as it is free from bias.  The approach explains a lot of aspects of human behaviour using only a few basic principles.  Behaviourism has produced many practical applications, especially in the treatment of phobias.  Behaviourism is reductionist ...
Introduction to AI
Introduction to AI

... ◊ 3 rooms contain: a person, a computer, and an interrogator. ◊ The interrogator can communicate with the other 2 by teletype (to avoid the machine imitate the appearance or voice of the person). ◊ The interrogator tries to determine which is the person and which is the machine. ◊ The machine tries ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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