Mirror neurons in humans: Consisting or confounding
... part of the frontal lobe during action observation. Specifically, the targeted brain area was the region near the arcuate sulcus. Interestingly area F5c, in which mirror neurons are usually found, responded only when the individual grasping the object was in full view. Merely seeing a hand (detached ...
... part of the frontal lobe during action observation. Specifically, the targeted brain area was the region near the arcuate sulcus. Interestingly area F5c, in which mirror neurons are usually found, responded only when the individual grasping the object was in full view. Merely seeing a hand (detached ...
Time course of post-traumatic mitochondrial oxidative damage and
... the therapeutic time window for being able to salvage mitochondrial function and achieve successful neuroprotection in the injured brain. Thus, the current investigation was performed in the context of the mouse lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI model (Smith et al, 1995; Raghupathi et al, ...
... the therapeutic time window for being able to salvage mitochondrial function and achieve successful neuroprotection in the injured brain. Thus, the current investigation was performed in the context of the mouse lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI model (Smith et al, 1995; Raghupathi et al, ...
REVIEW
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... area containing these cells, and 60-90 nm thin sections were cut and processed autoradiographically as described in Schwartz and Bok (1979). The sections were exposed for time periods of 3 weeks to 6 months, then developed, collected on grids, and examined with a Siemens Elmiskop 1A. The silver grai ...
... area containing these cells, and 60-90 nm thin sections were cut and processed autoradiographically as described in Schwartz and Bok (1979). The sections were exposed for time periods of 3 weeks to 6 months, then developed, collected on grids, and examined with a Siemens Elmiskop 1A. The silver grai ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... receptors in the postsynaptic density (PSD), glutamate (Glu) could affect the synaptic transmission. We have tested this possibility in the hippocampal CA1 synapses of rats, either by applying exogenous Glu to the CA1 neurons or by disruption of Glu transporter activity. LGlu (400 AM) was directly a ...
... receptors in the postsynaptic density (PSD), glutamate (Glu) could affect the synaptic transmission. We have tested this possibility in the hippocampal CA1 synapses of rats, either by applying exogenous Glu to the CA1 neurons or by disruption of Glu transporter activity. LGlu (400 AM) was directly a ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... is difficult and ‘‘jumping’’ occurs between the adjacent white matter fiber tracts. Using a simple termination zone, such as the one used here, is desirable because of its simplicity, but it might not be appropriate if the superior collicular connections with frontal areas were to be examined. As can ...
... is difficult and ‘‘jumping’’ occurs between the adjacent white matter fiber tracts. Using a simple termination zone, such as the one used here, is desirable because of its simplicity, but it might not be appropriate if the superior collicular connections with frontal areas were to be examined. As can ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... given moment we could either lay down a distinctive memory trace to allow for subsequent retrieval, or we could retrieve memories that are related to the familiar components of an unfolding event. This conflict leads to certain crucial questions about the human memory system: Are we able to simultan ...
... given moment we could either lay down a distinctive memory trace to allow for subsequent retrieval, or we could retrieve memories that are related to the familiar components of an unfolding event. This conflict leads to certain crucial questions about the human memory system: Are we able to simultan ...
Neural Networks
... non-commercial purposes. It was originally designed for high performance simulations with lots and lots of neural networks (even large ones) being trained simultaneously. Recently, I decided to give it away as a professional reference implementation that covers network aspects handled within this wo ...
... non-commercial purposes. It was originally designed for high performance simulations with lots and lots of neural networks (even large ones) being trained simultaneously. Recently, I decided to give it away as a professional reference implementation that covers network aspects handled within this wo ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... al., 1999) which contains ‘broadly tuned’ cells that respond maximally to complex species-specific vocalizations (Rauschecker et al., 1995; Kosaki et al., 1997). Price and co-workers (Öngür and Price, 2000) have subdivided the OMPFC into two networks with differing connections and functions: medial ...
... al., 1999) which contains ‘broadly tuned’ cells that respond maximally to complex species-specific vocalizations (Rauschecker et al., 1995; Kosaki et al., 1997). Price and co-workers (Öngür and Price, 2000) have subdivided the OMPFC into two networks with differing connections and functions: medial ...
Full-Text PDF
... Pioneering work from a number of laboratories has begun to identify the cellular events in presynaptic terminal formation. In general, presynaptic terminal formation is induced by axo-dendritic contacts [1–6]. Upon stabilization of an axo-dendritic contact, synaptic vesicle (SV) and active zone (AZ) ...
... Pioneering work from a number of laboratories has begun to identify the cellular events in presynaptic terminal formation. In general, presynaptic terminal formation is induced by axo-dendritic contacts [1–6]. Upon stabilization of an axo-dendritic contact, synaptic vesicle (SV) and active zone (AZ) ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... Bipolar EEG electrodes consisting of two stainless steel wires were placed on the dura over the frontal cortex (3.0 mm anterior to the bregma, 1.5 mm lateral to the midline). For EMG recordings, two stainless steel wires were inserted into the neck muscle. EEG and EMG signals, which were continuousl ...
... Bipolar EEG electrodes consisting of two stainless steel wires were placed on the dura over the frontal cortex (3.0 mm anterior to the bregma, 1.5 mm lateral to the midline). For EMG recordings, two stainless steel wires were inserted into the neck muscle. EEG and EMG signals, which were continuousl ...
Morphometric changes of the central nervous system of
... As for walking legs, usually one leg is missing although when the anomaly is more serious, two, three or more walking legs may be missing. In such cases significant changes in the shape and size of the prosoma are observed. Since oligomely is associated with metamerism and thus with neuromery, the l ...
... As for walking legs, usually one leg is missing although when the anomaly is more serious, two, three or more walking legs may be missing. In such cases significant changes in the shape and size of the prosoma are observed. Since oligomely is associated with metamerism and thus with neuromery, the l ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
Document
... helps control the functioning of most internal organs Controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands; therefore, it indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands Contains centers for controlling body temperature, appetite, wakefulness, and pleasure ...
... helps control the functioning of most internal organs Controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands; therefore, it indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands Contains centers for controlling body temperature, appetite, wakefulness, and pleasure ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... colliculus suggest that intrinsic electrical properties contribute to discharge patterns, but the intrinsic discharge patterns have not been fully characterized in the central nucleus, the main part of the inferior colliculus. Whether different types of neurons are related to different discharge pat ...
... colliculus suggest that intrinsic electrical properties contribute to discharge patterns, but the intrinsic discharge patterns have not been fully characterized in the central nucleus, the main part of the inferior colliculus. Whether different types of neurons are related to different discharge pat ...
Seminar Chronic disorders of consciousness
... system, but mainly relies on a functioning thalamus, cerebral cortex, and their white matter connections.6 Disorders of consciousness result from interference with either or both of these systems. Critical damage to the reticular system produces coma, a pathological state of eyes-closed unresponsive ...
... system, but mainly relies on a functioning thalamus, cerebral cortex, and their white matter connections.6 Disorders of consciousness result from interference with either or both of these systems. Critical damage to the reticular system produces coma, a pathological state of eyes-closed unresponsive ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... how causes interact: e.g. that objects maintain a constant size irrespective of their distance from the observer. This inferential process is fundamentally Bayesian, as it involves the construction of a posterior probability density from a prior distribution over causes and sensory data. The brain c ...
... how causes interact: e.g. that objects maintain a constant size irrespective of their distance from the observer. This inferential process is fundamentally Bayesian, as it involves the construction of a posterior probability density from a prior distribution over causes and sensory data. The brain c ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... How do the quality and quantity of recalled memory and comprehension differ when auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Coul ...
... How do the quality and quantity of recalled memory and comprehension differ when auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Coul ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism had physiological needs that induced drives to obtain rewards. Rewards then reduced the driv ...
... appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism had physiological needs that induced drives to obtain rewards. Rewards then reduced the driv ...
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex GABA Concentration in Humans
... Significance Statement This study demonstrated for the first time that the amount of gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, in an individual’s prefrontal cortex predicts working memory (WM) task performance. Given that WM is required for many of the most ...
... Significance Statement This study demonstrated for the first time that the amount of gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, in an individual’s prefrontal cortex predicts working memory (WM) task performance. Given that WM is required for many of the most ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... Connection probability. The probability of finding a synaptically connected pair of a L4 spiny neuron and a L2/3 interneuron was assessed in D, depicts the reconstruction of the neurons shown in Figure 1 B three different ways: (1) the average number of presynaptic L4 neurons and identifies the pres ...
... Connection probability. The probability of finding a synaptically connected pair of a L4 spiny neuron and a L2/3 interneuron was assessed in D, depicts the reconstruction of the neurons shown in Figure 1 B three different ways: (1) the average number of presynaptic L4 neurons and identifies the pres ...
BZA BCI Projects
... Acquisition: The user performs a task that produces a distinct EEG signature for that BCI ...
... Acquisition: The user performs a task that produces a distinct EEG signature for that BCI ...
Columnar Organization of Dendrites and Axons of Single and
... projections are to supragranular layers, and relatively few direct connections exist between hollows of neighboring barrels (Kim and Ebner, 1999). Here we have used dual whole-cell recordings from pairs of neurons combined with reconstruction of the biocytin-filled neurons to quantitatively describe ...
... projections are to supragranular layers, and relatively few direct connections exist between hollows of neighboring barrels (Kim and Ebner, 1999). Here we have used dual whole-cell recordings from pairs of neurons combined with reconstruction of the biocytin-filled neurons to quantitatively describe ...
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... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...