Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... Background: Functional lateralization is a conserved feature of the central nervous system (CNS). However, underlying left-right asymmetries within neural circuitry and the mechanisms by which they develop are poorly described. Results: In this study, we use focal electroporation to examine the morp ...
... Background: Functional lateralization is a conserved feature of the central nervous system (CNS). However, underlying left-right asymmetries within neural circuitry and the mechanisms by which they develop are poorly described. Results: In this study, we use focal electroporation to examine the morp ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... Embr yos. All experiments were performed using C57BL /6J mice maintained in a timed-pregnancy breeding colony. Noon of the day on which a plug was found was considered embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5). Pregnant mothers were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine, and the embryos were removed b ...
... Embr yos. All experiments were performed using C57BL /6J mice maintained in a timed-pregnancy breeding colony. Noon of the day on which a plug was found was considered embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5). Pregnant mothers were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine, and the embryos were removed b ...
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention
... complex high-level cognitive functions by successively lower neural levels of description benefits from neuroscientific research approaches, and that efforts to determine low-level neuronal mechanisms of cognitive functions benefit from cognitive construct-driven research in humans [25,63,76]. Furth ...
... complex high-level cognitive functions by successively lower neural levels of description benefits from neuroscientific research approaches, and that efforts to determine low-level neuronal mechanisms of cognitive functions benefit from cognitive construct-driven research in humans [25,63,76]. Furth ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612 ...
... University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612 ...
Chapter 2
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
Psychosocial Stress in Rats: Animal Model of PTSD Based on
... Fig. 1 Acute (30 min) cat exposure after training (indicated by the black bar in the upper left graph) impaired spatial memory, increased serum corticosterone levels (lower left), blocked phosphorylation of CaMKII in CA1 (upper right), and increased phosphorylation of CaMKII in BLA (lower right). In ...
... Fig. 1 Acute (30 min) cat exposure after training (indicated by the black bar in the upper left graph) impaired spatial memory, increased serum corticosterone levels (lower left), blocked phosphorylation of CaMKII in CA1 (upper right), and increased phosphorylation of CaMKII in BLA (lower right). In ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... perception evoke the same representations. In contrast, multivariate pattern classification can establish the encoding of specific contents (Mika et al. 2001; Haxby et al. 2001; Spiridon and Kanwisher 2002; Cox and Savoy 2003; Carlson et al. 2003; Kamitani and Tong 2005; Haynes and Rees 2005a, 2006; N ...
... perception evoke the same representations. In contrast, multivariate pattern classification can establish the encoding of specific contents (Mika et al. 2001; Haxby et al. 2001; Spiridon and Kanwisher 2002; Cox and Savoy 2003; Carlson et al. 2003; Kamitani and Tong 2005; Haynes and Rees 2005a, 2006; N ...
PowerPoint
... • Arterial blood supply is branches from circle of Willis on base of brain • Vessels on surface of brain----penetrate tissue • Uses 20% of our bodies oxygen & glucose needs – blood flow to an area increases with activity in that area – deprivation of O2 for 4 min does permanent injury • at that time ...
... • Arterial blood supply is branches from circle of Willis on base of brain • Vessels on surface of brain----penetrate tissue • Uses 20% of our bodies oxygen & glucose needs – blood flow to an area increases with activity in that area – deprivation of O2 for 4 min does permanent injury • at that time ...
EEG & Sleep
... of the brain cerebral cortex, deep parts of cerebrum, and brain stem. • Discharges transmitted into the spinal cord sometimes cause generalized tonic seizures of the entire body, followed by alternating tonic and spasmodic muscle ...
... of the brain cerebral cortex, deep parts of cerebrum, and brain stem. • Discharges transmitted into the spinal cord sometimes cause generalized tonic seizures of the entire body, followed by alternating tonic and spasmodic muscle ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (McQuiston and Madison, 1999a). The direct depolarization of interneurons is consistent with the fact that nicoti ...
... responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (McQuiston and Madison, 1999a). The direct depolarization of interneurons is consistent with the fact that nicoti ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... involved in the meshwork structure around GABAergic interneurons, some of components of PNs are not present (Bertolotto et al. 1996). The versican 1 isoform, which belongs to the lectican family, does not colocalize with WFA stained cells and its immunoreactivity is absent on GABAergic interneurons. ...
... involved in the meshwork structure around GABAergic interneurons, some of components of PNs are not present (Bertolotto et al. 1996). The versican 1 isoform, which belongs to the lectican family, does not colocalize with WFA stained cells and its immunoreactivity is absent on GABAergic interneurons. ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... each of 2 tasks (Stroop and Navon). This process results in 36 block-level adjacency matrices per subject. Importantly, positive Pearson correlations underlie integrated and coherent activation between brain regions or cooperative functional interactions and negative Pearson correlations underlie se ...
... each of 2 tasks (Stroop and Navon). This process results in 36 block-level adjacency matrices per subject. Importantly, positive Pearson correlations underlie integrated and coherent activation between brain regions or cooperative functional interactions and negative Pearson correlations underlie se ...
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... location of peripheral stimuli (Chen et al. 2003). This finding suggests that neural processing is related to what the information is processed for (e.g., perception) rather than the stimulus characteristics. Thus, it is consistent with the idea that the purpose is at least as important when discuss ...
... location of peripheral stimuli (Chen et al. 2003). This finding suggests that neural processing is related to what the information is processed for (e.g., perception) rather than the stimulus characteristics. Thus, it is consistent with the idea that the purpose is at least as important when discuss ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... c. nervous system d. endorphins e. dendrite Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 49-50 Topic: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Skill: Factual Objective: 2.2 Answer: c. nervous system 24. The nervous system is defined as a. a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts o ...
... c. nervous system d. endorphins e. dendrite Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 49-50 Topic: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Skill: Factual Objective: 2.2 Answer: c. nervous system 24. The nervous system is defined as a. a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts o ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... instantaneous value of the aggregate prediction, and the computation of the aggregate prediction is impaired by hippocampal lesions. Schmajuk (1986,1989; Schmajuk & Moore, 1988) extended the Schmajuk and Moore (1985) real-time version of the P-H model to include CS-CS associations and designated thi ...
... instantaneous value of the aggregate prediction, and the computation of the aggregate prediction is impaired by hippocampal lesions. Schmajuk (1986,1989; Schmajuk & Moore, 1988) extended the Schmajuk and Moore (1985) real-time version of the P-H model to include CS-CS associations and designated thi ...
Where in the brain is morality?
... The neuroscience of morality has focused on how morality works and where it is in the brain. In tackling these questions, researchers have taken both domain-specific and domain-general approaches—searching for neural substrates and systems dedicated to moral cognition versus characterizing the contr ...
... The neuroscience of morality has focused on how morality works and where it is in the brain. In tackling these questions, researchers have taken both domain-specific and domain-general approaches—searching for neural substrates and systems dedicated to moral cognition versus characterizing the contr ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... painful simulation were associated with activation of the bilateral AIC but not the posterior insula9. Finally, investigators injected volunteers with hypertonic saline in the arm and the leg to produce a painful stimulation of muscle or the overlying skin, and they observed distinct, neighboring s ...
... painful simulation were associated with activation of the bilateral AIC but not the posterior insula9. Finally, investigators injected volunteers with hypertonic saline in the arm and the leg to produce a painful stimulation of muscle or the overlying skin, and they observed distinct, neighboring s ...
Sensitivity of Prefrontal Cortex to Changes in Target Probability: A
... showed that increased dorsolateral prefrontal activity was associated with infrequent events in an oddball paradigm using both electrophysiology and fMRI. The current study examined prefrontal activity as a function of changing target frequency (i.e., frequent and infrequent) in a modified version o ...
... showed that increased dorsolateral prefrontal activity was associated with infrequent events in an oddball paradigm using both electrophysiology and fMRI. The current study examined prefrontal activity as a function of changing target frequency (i.e., frequent and infrequent) in a modified version o ...
How Does the Brain Produce Movement?
... cord. All contribute to controlling the behaviors required to produce her artwork. regions of the frontal lobe formulate the In the same way, your hierarchically organized nervous system controls every plan and command the movements removement that you make. Figure 10-2 shows the sequences of steps ...
... cord. All contribute to controlling the behaviors required to produce her artwork. regions of the frontal lobe formulate the In the same way, your hierarchically organized nervous system controls every plan and command the movements removement that you make. Figure 10-2 shows the sequences of steps ...
optical multistage interconnection networks
... So, our entire brain is composed of these interconnected electro-chemical transmitting neurons. From a very large number of extremely simple processing units, each performing a weighted sum of its inputs, and then firing a binary signal if the total input exceeds a certain level, the brain manages ...
... So, our entire brain is composed of these interconnected electro-chemical transmitting neurons. From a very large number of extremely simple processing units, each performing a weighted sum of its inputs, and then firing a binary signal if the total input exceeds a certain level, the brain manages ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
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... When analyzing architectonic organization in the PFC, Barbas and Pandya (21) found two distinct trends in gradual changes in laminar characteristics that can be traced from the limbic periallocortex toward the isocortical areas. Based on cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic analysis, they observ ...
... When analyzing architectonic organization in the PFC, Barbas and Pandya (21) found two distinct trends in gradual changes in laminar characteristics that can be traced from the limbic periallocortex toward the isocortical areas. Based on cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic analysis, they observ ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... properties of the neural data and does not require an explicit model of the relationship between neural activity and external variables. The SSIMS algorithm begins by embedding the neural data into a high-dimensional pairwise similarity space, and then projects the data into a more compact (low-dime ...
... properties of the neural data and does not require an explicit model of the relationship between neural activity and external variables. The SSIMS algorithm begins by embedding the neural data into a high-dimensional pairwise similarity space, and then projects the data into a more compact (low-dime ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
lmmunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C lsozymes in
... All PKC immunoreactivities were widely distributed throughout the various regionsof rat brain. In coronal sectionsthrough the level of rostra1hippocampus,staining with either MS-I, -11, or -111(Fig. 1, A, C, B, respectively, eachshowsa portion of the area) all indicated that immunoreactivities were ...
... All PKC immunoreactivities were widely distributed throughout the various regionsof rat brain. In coronal sectionsthrough the level of rostra1hippocampus,staining with either MS-I, -11, or -111(Fig. 1, A, C, B, respectively, eachshowsa portion of the area) all indicated that immunoreactivities were ...