Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... however, have provided evidence for the existence of ...
... however, have provided evidence for the existence of ...
Document
... brain and peripheral tissue as ubiquitous and tissue-specific alternatively spliced isoforms that regulate membrane dynamics and endocytosis in multiple cell types. The function of BIN1 in the brain and the mechanism(s) by which AD-associated BIN1 alleles increase the risk for the disease are not kn ...
... brain and peripheral tissue as ubiquitous and tissue-specific alternatively spliced isoforms that regulate membrane dynamics and endocytosis in multiple cell types. The function of BIN1 in the brain and the mechanism(s) by which AD-associated BIN1 alleles increase the risk for the disease are not kn ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... From the 1 Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, Aab Biomedical Institute, and the Departments of 2 Neurology (Child Neurology Division), 3 Microbiology and Immunology, and 4 Pediatrics, and the 5 Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Roche ...
... From the 1 Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, Aab Biomedical Institute, and the Departments of 2 Neurology (Child Neurology Division), 3 Microbiology and Immunology, and 4 Pediatrics, and the 5 Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Roche ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole ce ...
... to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole ce ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... or a Faraday cage. While we can perceive and realize some of the things that influence us and our actions, there are numerous others that we barely perceive or realize. Thus, even if I write down every single name that has influenced this thesis or the last three years of my life (including all 2nd ...
... or a Faraday cage. While we can perceive and realize some of the things that influence us and our actions, there are numerous others that we barely perceive or realize. Thus, even if I write down every single name that has influenced this thesis or the last three years of my life (including all 2nd ...
Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of
... still allows a remarkably complex behavioral repertoire, with new surprises about its capabilities continually appearing. It consists of a bilaterally symmetrical brain, which is joined to a ventral nerve cord that innervates the thorax and abdomen. Headless flies that retain only their nerve cord a ...
... still allows a remarkably complex behavioral repertoire, with new surprises about its capabilities continually appearing. It consists of a bilaterally symmetrical brain, which is joined to a ventral nerve cord that innervates the thorax and abdomen. Headless flies that retain only their nerve cord a ...
... repeated rounds of study and test practice) and encoding (via motor enactment) during learning on later cued-recall performance for action phrases. Such materials (e.g., “water the flowers”) contain a verb and a noun and approximate everyday memory that typically revolves around past and future acti ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... previously described w4x. For KCl stimulation, slices were perfused as described above for a 40-min washout period at a flow rate of 1 mlr3 min. Following the washout period, up to 20 consecutive 3.0 min fractions were collected for each slice. After collection of 3 baseline samples, 20 mM KCl with ...
... previously described w4x. For KCl stimulation, slices were perfused as described above for a 40-min washout period at a flow rate of 1 mlr3 min. Following the washout period, up to 20 consecutive 3.0 min fractions were collected for each slice. After collection of 3 baseline samples, 20 mM KCl with ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... findings have implicated the orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive action [20], whereas, to date, damage to this brain area was mainly found to produce or alter delay aversion [21– 24] and not impulsive action [25]. In addition, a role for limbic regions such as the habenula and hippocampus in impulsive ...
... findings have implicated the orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive action [20], whereas, to date, damage to this brain area was mainly found to produce or alter delay aversion [21– 24] and not impulsive action [25]. In addition, a role for limbic regions such as the habenula and hippocampus in impulsive ...
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition
... (or activating system) • neural network” involves neurons from the medulla, pons, hypothalamus, midbrain and cerebrum & cerebellum – Controls consciousness – Stimulates nerve cells to be active’ – During sleep, RAS shuts down areas so they can recover (form more neurotransmitters). Sleep runs in 90 ...
... (or activating system) • neural network” involves neurons from the medulla, pons, hypothalamus, midbrain and cerebrum & cerebellum – Controls consciousness – Stimulates nerve cells to be active’ – During sleep, RAS shuts down areas so they can recover (form more neurotransmitters). Sleep runs in 90 ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... α-MSH secretion, and, to suppress the firing of orexigenic LepRb/NPY-expressing neurons, secretion of NPY and AgRP (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) ...
... α-MSH secretion, and, to suppress the firing of orexigenic LepRb/NPY-expressing neurons, secretion of NPY and AgRP (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, sugge ...
... 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, sugge ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... spatially modulated discharge pattern in populations of underlying mechanosensory afferent fibers (Johnson et al. 2000). By recording from individual afferents, while pressing bars and gratings against the fingers of macaque monkeys, Phillips and Johnson (1981a) found that the slowly adapting type 1 ...
... spatially modulated discharge pattern in populations of underlying mechanosensory afferent fibers (Johnson et al. 2000). By recording from individual afferents, while pressing bars and gratings against the fingers of macaque monkeys, Phillips and Johnson (1981a) found that the slowly adapting type 1 ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
Sample
... 18) A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called: A) myelin sheaths. B) nerves. C) the spinal cord. D) a neural network. Correct: Correct. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together in cables called nerves. Incorrect: Incorrect. Myelin sheat ...
... 18) A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called: A) myelin sheaths. B) nerves. C) the spinal cord. D) a neural network. Correct: Correct. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together in cables called nerves. Incorrect: Incorrect. Myelin sheat ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... orientation, and elongation of the excitatory (a . 0) or inhibitory (a , 0) component represented by the Gaussian f unction. Each component is delayed with respect to skin stimulation, and therefore the effect of each component is displaced from its true center by an amount and direction that is pro ...
... orientation, and elongation of the excitatory (a . 0) or inhibitory (a , 0) component represented by the Gaussian f unction. Each component is delayed with respect to skin stimulation, and therefore the effect of each component is displaced from its true center by an amount and direction that is pro ...
INDUCTION AND RECOVERY TIME COURSE OF RAT BRAIN
... injected with saline alone. For the chronic recovery time course, rats (n ⫽ 3/group) were treated with saline or nicotine once a day for 7 days and sacrificed at 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after the last drug treatment. For the acute study, rats (n ⫽ 4/group) received a single injection of salin ...
... injected with saline alone. For the chronic recovery time course, rats (n ⫽ 3/group) were treated with saline or nicotine once a day for 7 days and sacrificed at 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after the last drug treatment. For the acute study, rats (n ⫽ 4/group) received a single injection of salin ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
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... from a variety of sources, notably auditory, and also many inhibitory inputs. These inhibitory signals determine the threshold and the input-output relations of the cell, and are a major factor in regulation of its function (Faber and Korn, 1978; Burnod and Korn, 1989; Korn and Faber, 1990). Another ...
... from a variety of sources, notably auditory, and also many inhibitory inputs. These inhibitory signals determine the threshold and the input-output relations of the cell, and are a major factor in regulation of its function (Faber and Korn, 1978; Burnod and Korn, 1989; Korn and Faber, 1990). Another ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3). The labeled SI-projecting neurons in Pulo were medium-s ...
... primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3). The labeled SI-projecting neurons in Pulo were medium-s ...
Cannabis and cognition: short- and long
... (greater errors) on a Sternberg memory task following acute administration of THC (O’Leary et al., 2007), and these have been associated with reduced frontal-midline EEG theta power (Bocker et al., 2007). Acute effects of cannabinoids on electrophysiology have also been demonstrated in infrequent c ...
... (greater errors) on a Sternberg memory task following acute administration of THC (O’Leary et al., 2007), and these have been associated with reduced frontal-midline EEG theta power (Bocker et al., 2007). Acute effects of cannabinoids on electrophysiology have also been demonstrated in infrequent c ...