Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... Indeed, warm and cold stimuli may be important prototypical primary, that is unlearned, reinforcers, and investigation of the neural mechanisms that are related to these stimuli and the feelings they arouse may provide a direct approach to understanding the brain mechanisms of emotion and indeed of ...
... Indeed, warm and cold stimuli may be important prototypical primary, that is unlearned, reinforcers, and investigation of the neural mechanisms that are related to these stimuli and the feelings they arouse may provide a direct approach to understanding the brain mechanisms of emotion and indeed of ...
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A
... facilitate neuronal and glial migration and organization (Alcantara et al 2006). Normal cortical development and mature cortical function depend on appropriate levels of reelin protein, its receptors, and its cytoplasmic adapter, disabled-1 (Dab1) (Deguchi et al 2003). Reelin levels are very high du ...
... facilitate neuronal and glial migration and organization (Alcantara et al 2006). Normal cortical development and mature cortical function depend on appropriate levels of reelin protein, its receptors, and its cytoplasmic adapter, disabled-1 (Dab1) (Deguchi et al 2003). Reelin levels are very high du ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... episodic memories and spatial memories are closely connected. Second, there are semantic memories, which are concerned with the knowledge one acquires during events but is itself separated from the specific event in question. Thus, our knowledge about the meaning of words and facts about the world, ...
... episodic memories and spatial memories are closely connected. Second, there are semantic memories, which are concerned with the knowledge one acquires during events but is itself separated from the specific event in question. Thus, our knowledge about the meaning of words and facts about the world, ...
High-Level Perception, Representation, and
... James is saying, effectively, that we have different representations of an object or situation at different times. The representational process adapts to fit the pressures of a given context. Despite the work of philosopher-psychologists such as James, the early days of artificial intelligence were ...
... James is saying, effectively, that we have different representations of an object or situation at different times. The representational process adapts to fit the pressures of a given context. Despite the work of philosopher-psychologists such as James, the early days of artificial intelligence were ...
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... and inhibitory synaptic inputs as well as slower modulation by dopamine and other signaling molecules. Whereas the spiking of glutamatergic afferents originates outside of the striatum, inhibitory inputs are controlled within the striatum (Gustafson et al., 2006; Tepper et al., 2004). Synaptic plast ...
... and inhibitory synaptic inputs as well as slower modulation by dopamine and other signaling molecules. Whereas the spiking of glutamatergic afferents originates outside of the striatum, inhibitory inputs are controlled within the striatum (Gustafson et al., 2006; Tepper et al., 2004). Synaptic plast ...
Varieties of Analogical Reasoning
... As a strategy in decision making and sensemaking, as well as a rhetorical device, the analogy concept expanded greatly over the centuries since Aristotle discussed proportional analogies. In his System of Logic (1982, Ch.20), John Stuart Mill echoed Etienne de Condillac's definition of analogy, "the ...
... As a strategy in decision making and sensemaking, as well as a rhetorical device, the analogy concept expanded greatly over the centuries since Aristotle discussed proportional analogies. In his System of Logic (1982, Ch.20), John Stuart Mill echoed Etienne de Condillac's definition of analogy, "the ...
Long lnterfascicular Axon Growth from Embryonic Neurons
... (DAB) and 0.006% hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer with 10 mM imidazole at pH 5.8 for 3 min, washed thoroughly for 30 min in several changes of 0.1 M PBS, then distilled water, for 30-60 min, silver intensified using a physical development (Woodhams et al., 1989), dehydrated, cleared with Histoc ...
... (DAB) and 0.006% hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer with 10 mM imidazole at pH 5.8 for 3 min, washed thoroughly for 30 min in several changes of 0.1 M PBS, then distilled water, for 30-60 min, silver intensified using a physical development (Woodhams et al., 1989), dehydrated, cleared with Histoc ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the right as a function of the EV on the right (mean ± standard error of mean across all the subjects for the last 10 trials in a set). The EV for a left choice was 9 pence, ...
... responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the right as a function of the EV on the right (mean ± standard error of mean across all the subjects for the last 10 trials in a set). The EV for a left choice was 9 pence, ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... shown that direct binding of PrPc is required for Aβ neurotoxicity, synaptic impairment and cognitive dysfunction. Based on our results as well as others, it is possible that high PrPc expression in the BFCNs could be responsible for at least part of the cholinergic deficits observed in AD. Studies ...
... shown that direct binding of PrPc is required for Aβ neurotoxicity, synaptic impairment and cognitive dysfunction. Based on our results as well as others, it is possible that high PrPc expression in the BFCNs could be responsible for at least part of the cholinergic deficits observed in AD. Studies ...
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid
... the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the enzymes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis (DAGL␣, DAGL, and NAPE-PLD), and the endocannabinoiddegradating enzymes (FAAH and MAGL). With ...
... the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the enzymes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis (DAGL␣, DAGL, and NAPE-PLD), and the endocannabinoiddegradating enzymes (FAAH and MAGL). With ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... MR spectroscopy represents one of the most suitable in vivo tool to assess neurochemical dysfunction in several brain disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence, which persists into adulthood (in approx ...
... MR spectroscopy represents one of the most suitable in vivo tool to assess neurochemical dysfunction in several brain disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence, which persists into adulthood (in approx ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging
... Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 2Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 3Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dalla ...
... Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 2Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 3Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dalla ...
Fast Network Oscillations in the Hippocampal CA1
... sharp wave in the stratum radiatum (Fig. 1 A). The fast ripple waves reversed abruptly below the pyramidal layer, and their amplitude decreased steeply in stratum radiatum. In between large ripples, the fast (.100 Hz) oscillatory field activity was relatively small or entirely absent (Fig. 1). These ...
... sharp wave in the stratum radiatum (Fig. 1 A). The fast ripple waves reversed abruptly below the pyramidal layer, and their amplitude decreased steeply in stratum radiatum. In between large ripples, the fast (.100 Hz) oscillatory field activity was relatively small or entirely absent (Fig. 1). These ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation of prefrontal areas, in line with theories of REM sleep generation and dreaming properties. On the other hand, during non-REM (NREM) sleep, dec ...
... On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation of prefrontal areas, in line with theories of REM sleep generation and dreaming properties. On the other hand, during non-REM (NREM) sleep, dec ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... it to two different uses. VTA dopamine cells are associated with the critic, controlling the learning of values held in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex. SNc dopamine cells are associated with the actor, controlling the learning of actions in competitive cortico-s ...
... it to two different uses. VTA dopamine cells are associated with the critic, controlling the learning of values held in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex. SNc dopamine cells are associated with the actor, controlling the learning of actions in competitive cortico-s ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... medullary, pontine, diencephalic, and telencephalic brain regions that underlie these diverse processes. Direct projections from the cortex, limbic forebrain, and hypothalamus to the region of the A2 cell group provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral respon ...
... medullary, pontine, diencephalic, and telencephalic brain regions that underlie these diverse processes. Direct projections from the cortex, limbic forebrain, and hypothalamus to the region of the A2 cell group provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral respon ...
Autobiography and Consciousness - DUO
... by publishers and agents", accepting a certain amount of inconsistencies, but not, as they call it, "intentional duping"2. In autobiography, then, the element of fiction can come about because of at least two factors. Aspects of one's life can be fictionalized (a) because, as Nabokov (1989, ch. 1-1) ...
... by publishers and agents", accepting a certain amount of inconsistencies, but not, as they call it, "intentional duping"2. In autobiography, then, the element of fiction can come about because of at least two factors. Aspects of one's life can be fictionalized (a) because, as Nabokov (1989, ch. 1-1) ...
Dynamical Properties of Neuronal Systems with
... comprises about eighty billion nerve cells that make one hundred trillion connections to each other, forming an elaborate structure that is organized on multiple spatial scales [151, 247]. How does this system carry out higher cognitive processes such as memory, thoughts and perception? No single ne ...
... comprises about eighty billion nerve cells that make one hundred trillion connections to each other, forming an elaborate structure that is organized on multiple spatial scales [151, 247]. How does this system carry out higher cognitive processes such as memory, thoughts and perception? No single ne ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... projected to the LGN stage where its edges are enhanced. In the next stage, the LGN output passes through a set of Gabor filters that resemble the orientation selectivity characteristics found in the receptive fields of V1 neurons. Here we show the output response of one Gabor filter as input for th ...
... projected to the LGN stage where its edges are enhanced. In the next stage, the LGN output passes through a set of Gabor filters that resemble the orientation selectivity characteristics found in the receptive fields of V1 neurons. Here we show the output response of one Gabor filter as input for th ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... Another factor: How does addition of fast glutamatergic synapses affect synchronization in interneuron network models? It certainly implies several additional parameters. In a simple two-population network, there are now four types of chemical synapses (I-I, E-I, I-E, E-E, where E stands for excitat ...
... Another factor: How does addition of fast glutamatergic synapses affect synchronization in interneuron network models? It certainly implies several additional parameters. In a simple two-population network, there are now four types of chemical synapses (I-I, E-I, I-E, E-E, where E stands for excitat ...
- TestbankU
... 30. The tiny gap between an axon’s terminals and the dendrites or soma of another neuron is called the _____ a) node of Ranvier. b) myelin gap. c) synaptic cleft. d) neural space. Answer: c Skill Level: Factual Difficulty: Moderate Page Ref: 42–43 Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron ...
... 30. The tiny gap between an axon’s terminals and the dendrites or soma of another neuron is called the _____ a) node of Ranvier. b) myelin gap. c) synaptic cleft. d) neural space. Answer: c Skill Level: Factual Difficulty: Moderate Page Ref: 42–43 Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... (ie, 5–10 minutes), the functional connections are not changing. Preprocessing techniques are similar to those routinely applied in task-based functional MR imaging analyses, including motion correction, temporal and spatial filtering, and image registration to standard space. An important differenc ...
... (ie, 5–10 minutes), the functional connections are not changing. Preprocessing techniques are similar to those routinely applied in task-based functional MR imaging analyses, including motion correction, temporal and spatial filtering, and image registration to standard space. An important differenc ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...