D-Alanine esterification of teichoic acids contributes to
... plantarumWJL exerts its beneficial effect on larval growth through the host nutrient sensing system that relies on the tissue specific activity of the TOR kinase, which subsequently modulates hormonal signals controlling growth and maturation (Storelli et al., 2011). Importantly, using conventional ...
... plantarumWJL exerts its beneficial effect on larval growth through the host nutrient sensing system that relies on the tissue specific activity of the TOR kinase, which subsequently modulates hormonal signals controlling growth and maturation (Storelli et al., 2011). Importantly, using conventional ...
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by
... Vav by a tyrosine kinase (Lck) enhances its GEF activity on Rac (39, 46). Rac is thought to be activated through processes that depend on phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, because wortmannin (a relatively specific inhibitor of PI 3-kinase) or the expression of dominant-negative PI 3-kinase inhibit ...
... Vav by a tyrosine kinase (Lck) enhances its GEF activity on Rac (39, 46). Rac is thought to be activated through processes that depend on phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, because wortmannin (a relatively specific inhibitor of PI 3-kinase) or the expression of dominant-negative PI 3-kinase inhibit ...
ABSTRACT
... characterized each. These include the classically (Ca-MΦ), alternatively (AA-MΦ), and type II activated (MΦ-II) macrophages. Here, a side-by-side comparison of the three cell types is presented, focusing primarily on differences between MΦ-II and AA-MΦ, because both have previously been classified a ...
... characterized each. These include the classically (Ca-MΦ), alternatively (AA-MΦ), and type II activated (MΦ-II) macrophages. Here, a side-by-side comparison of the three cell types is presented, focusing primarily on differences between MΦ-II and AA-MΦ, because both have previously been classified a ...
Xyloglucan and its Interactions with Other Components of the
... for xyloglucan from primary cell walls. An appreciation of the problems of chain length estimates based on GPC alone can be gained from a study of wheat arabinoxylan that was partially digested with arabinosidase to remove some of the side chains but to leave the backbone intact. The hydrodynamic ra ...
... for xyloglucan from primary cell walls. An appreciation of the problems of chain length estimates based on GPC alone can be gained from a study of wheat arabinoxylan that was partially digested with arabinosidase to remove some of the side chains but to leave the backbone intact. The hydrodynamic ra ...
Cooperation between the RING+B1-B2 and coiled-coil
... within speci®c nuclear bodies (NBs). In vitro, overexpression of PML correlates with suppression of cell transformation. The PML aminoterminal portion retained within the PML/RARa protein contains the RING ®nger, two newly de®ned cystein/histidine-rich motifs called Bboxes (B1 and B2) and a coiled-c ...
... within speci®c nuclear bodies (NBs). In vitro, overexpression of PML correlates with suppression of cell transformation. The PML aminoterminal portion retained within the PML/RARa protein contains the RING ®nger, two newly de®ned cystein/histidine-rich motifs called Bboxes (B1 and B2) and a coiled-c ...
Chapter ONE - VU Research Portal
... Since cyclin B1-Cdk1 is essential for cell division, it is considered the master regulator of mitosis. Whether or not cyclin B1 is the true driving force behind the initiation of mitosis, is, however, under debate. For example, depletion of cyclin A2, but not cyclin B1 or B2 delays DNA condensatio ...
... Since cyclin B1-Cdk1 is essential for cell division, it is considered the master regulator of mitosis. Whether or not cyclin B1 is the true driving force behind the initiation of mitosis, is, however, under debate. For example, depletion of cyclin A2, but not cyclin B1 or B2 delays DNA condensatio ...
assembly and enlargement of the primary cell wall in plants
... cellulases have cellulose-binding domains that apparently assist the separation of the individual glucans from the microfibril (Din et al 1991, Hall et al 1995), whereas plant glucanases lack these domains and do not hydrolyze crystalline cellulose effectively; they are more effective on matrix gluc ...
... cellulases have cellulose-binding domains that apparently assist the separation of the individual glucans from the microfibril (Din et al 1991, Hall et al 1995), whereas plant glucanases lack these domains and do not hydrolyze crystalline cellulose effectively; they are more effective on matrix gluc ...
Daughter-Specific Transcription Factors Regulate Cell Size Control
... daughter cells. Our recent data confirmed this concept using quantitative time-lapse microscopy. However, it has been proposed that daughter-specific, Ace2-dependent repression of expression of the G1 cyclin CLN3 had a dominant role in delaying daughters in G1. We wanted to reconcile these two diver ...
... daughter cells. Our recent data confirmed this concept using quantitative time-lapse microscopy. However, it has been proposed that daughter-specific, Ace2-dependent repression of expression of the G1 cyclin CLN3 had a dominant role in delaying daughters in G1. We wanted to reconcile these two diver ...
mTORC1 and the regulation of skeletal muscle anabolism and mass
... Fig. 1. The 2 mTOR complexes. Dashed arrows indicate pathways for which mechanisms of actions are not clear. Components in shapes with solid lines are those for which several lines of evidence exist or whose activities have been demonstrated in skeletal muscle or muscle cells; for those with dashed ...
... Fig. 1. The 2 mTOR complexes. Dashed arrows indicate pathways for which mechanisms of actions are not clear. Components in shapes with solid lines are those for which several lines of evidence exist or whose activities have been demonstrated in skeletal muscle or muscle cells; for those with dashed ...
MsEnod12A Expression Is Linked to Meristematic Activity
... derivative of strain Rm0540 constitutively expressing a δALA::lacZ fusion (Leong et al. 1985) allowing the easy demonstration of the presence of the bacteria (gift from A. Becker, Bielefeld). Rm0540 bacteria are not capable of invading nodules via infection threads and nodules remain free of bacteri ...
... derivative of strain Rm0540 constitutively expressing a δALA::lacZ fusion (Leong et al. 1985) allowing the easy demonstration of the presence of the bacteria (gift from A. Becker, Bielefeld). Rm0540 bacteria are not capable of invading nodules via infection threads and nodules remain free of bacteri ...
Pollen Tube Growth Oscillations and Intracellular
... Plant Physiology, April 2008, Vol. 146, pp. 1611–1621, www.plantphysiol.org Ó 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists Downloaded from on June 18, 2017 - Published by www.plantphysiol.org Copyright © 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
... Plant Physiology, April 2008, Vol. 146, pp. 1611–1621, www.plantphysiol.org Ó 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists Downloaded from on June 18, 2017 - Published by www.plantphysiol.org Copyright © 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
Metabolism of Tac - The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... T h e r e is no independent secretory m R N A for Tac that could undergo independent regulation (27-29); hence, all sTac is derived from proteolytic cleavage o f T M - T a c (9). W e therefore wished to k n o w the relation o f Tac shedding to T M - T a c expression. Patients with adult T cell leuke ...
... T h e r e is no independent secretory m R N A for Tac that could undergo independent regulation (27-29); hence, all sTac is derived from proteolytic cleavage o f T M - T a c (9). W e therefore wished to k n o w the relation o f Tac shedding to T M - T a c expression. Patients with adult T cell leuke ...
Cardiomyocyte Lineage Specification in€Adult Human Cardiac
... cell expresses a NOTCH receptor such as NOTCH (N)1, ...
... cell expresses a NOTCH receptor such as NOTCH (N)1, ...
Functions of mammalian microRNA in innate immunity to microbial
... (Pasquinelli, et al., 2000) and soon miRNAs were recognized as a functional class of deeply conserved small noncoding RNA in metazoa (Lagos-Quintana, et al., 2001; Lau, et ...
... (Pasquinelli, et al., 2000) and soon miRNAs were recognized as a functional class of deeply conserved small noncoding RNA in metazoa (Lagos-Quintana, et al., 2001; Lau, et ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first proposed by de Duve and Wattiaux.5 Exposed to lysosomal hydr ...
... however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first proposed by de Duve and Wattiaux.5 Exposed to lysosomal hydr ...
Many ways to telomere dysfunction: in vivo studies using
... (Boulton and Jackson, 1996, 1998; Laroche et al., 1998; Gravel et al., 1998; Nugent et al., 1998b). The analysis of Ku86 de®cient mice, however, depicts a very dierent scenario. Although Ku86 de®ciency in the mouse results in telomeric fusions (Bailey et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Samper et al., ...
... (Boulton and Jackson, 1996, 1998; Laroche et al., 1998; Gravel et al., 1998; Nugent et al., 1998b). The analysis of Ku86 de®cient mice, however, depicts a very dierent scenario. Although Ku86 de®ciency in the mouse results in telomeric fusions (Bailey et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Samper et al., ...
Ubiquitin ligases and beyond EDITORIAL Open Access Ivan Dikic
... ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, to which the ubiquitin is transferred from the E1; and E3 is the ubiquitin ligase, which binds the target protein and directly or indirectly catalyzes its ligation to the ubiquitin. The E3 therefore determines the substrate specificity of ubiquitination, and the diversi ...
... ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, to which the ubiquitin is transferred from the E1; and E3 is the ubiquitin ligase, which binds the target protein and directly or indirectly catalyzes its ligation to the ubiquitin. The E3 therefore determines the substrate specificity of ubiquitination, and the diversi ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... that aggregate in the matrix may cause PINK1 accumulation by either shutting down protein import or PINK1 proteolysis. Thus PINK1 is a molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms ...
... that aggregate in the matrix may cause PINK1 accumulation by either shutting down protein import or PINK1 proteolysis. Thus PINK1 is a molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms ...
Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Innate Immunity by
... IFN-b production. For example, hepatits C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease blocks the RIG-I–mediated signaling pathway by cleaving the MAVS protein to block IFN-b gene expression (12–17). In a remarkable parallel to the HCV NS3/4A protease, a stable intermediate product of hepatitis A virus (HAV) polypro ...
... IFN-b production. For example, hepatits C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease blocks the RIG-I–mediated signaling pathway by cleaving the MAVS protein to block IFN-b gene expression (12–17). In a remarkable parallel to the HCV NS3/4A protease, a stable intermediate product of hepatitis A virus (HAV) polypro ...
The bHLH Class Protein pMesogenin1 Can Specify Paraxial
... amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences for mouse and Xenopus pMesogenin1 are compared in Fig. 1A. Sequence similarity is evident throughout, and there is a striking near-identity in the bHLH domains. A database search of GenBank using the full mouse pMesogenin1 protein coding sequence identif ...
... amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences for mouse and Xenopus pMesogenin1 are compared in Fig. 1A. Sequence similarity is evident throughout, and there is a striking near-identity in the bHLH domains. A database search of GenBank using the full mouse pMesogenin1 protein coding sequence identif ...