Situs inversus and ciliary abnormalities: 20Łyears later, what is the
... embryonic epithelia have a certain position and fixed beat direction (in normal embryos) and that their beating somehow is instrumental in determining the visceral situs’ [17]. It is unclear whether Afzelius in the early years of his research was aware of experiments performed by numerous embryologi ...
... embryonic epithelia have a certain position and fixed beat direction (in normal embryos) and that their beating somehow is instrumental in determining the visceral situs’ [17]. It is unclear whether Afzelius in the early years of his research was aware of experiments performed by numerous embryologi ...
Dominant-Negative Receptor Uncovers
... LRR-RLK support the notion that ERECTA mediates yet to be identified cell-to-cell signaling pathways that coordinate shoot organ growth. To understand how ERECTA regulates organ growth, it is essential to elucidate its modes of action as a receptor kinase and to identify other components of the EREC ...
... LRR-RLK support the notion that ERECTA mediates yet to be identified cell-to-cell signaling pathways that coordinate shoot organ growth. To understand how ERECTA regulates organ growth, it is essential to elucidate its modes of action as a receptor kinase and to identify other components of the EREC ...
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell
... discusses the nucleation of these microtubules. The paper concludes with a description of centriole malfunction and overduplication (supernumerary centrioles), leading to clusters of centrioles —a hallmark of cancer cells. These centriole clusters thus form “biomarkers” for tumor imaging and treatme ...
... discusses the nucleation of these microtubules. The paper concludes with a description of centriole malfunction and overduplication (supernumerary centrioles), leading to clusters of centrioles —a hallmark of cancer cells. These centriole clusters thus form “biomarkers” for tumor imaging and treatme ...
Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression by
... Figure 1. Expression of the NGF receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y mRNAs in the postnatal day 12 SCG with and without NGF treatment. Northern blot analysis of (a) NGF receptor, (b) tyrosine hydroxylase, and (c) neuropeptide Y mRNAs in equal amounts of total RNA from the SCG of an an ...
... Figure 1. Expression of the NGF receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y mRNAs in the postnatal day 12 SCG with and without NGF treatment. Northern blot analysis of (a) NGF receptor, (b) tyrosine hydroxylase, and (c) neuropeptide Y mRNAs in equal amounts of total RNA from the SCG of an an ...
Isoform 5 of PIPKIc regulates the endosomal trafficking and
... change in protein degradation was not occurring in these cells. To determine whether these observations were due to changes in Ecadherin transcription, E-cadherin mRNA content was analyzed by quantitative (q)PCR (supplementary material Fig. S2B). The data indicated that there was no significant diff ...
... change in protein degradation was not occurring in these cells. To determine whether these observations were due to changes in Ecadherin transcription, E-cadherin mRNA content was analyzed by quantitative (q)PCR (supplementary material Fig. S2B). The data indicated that there was no significant diff ...
The consequences of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor
... Several studies have reported on the effects of Rad51 overexpression in S. cerevisiae. Since the level of overexpression varies in these studies, in some cases Rad51 overexpression has been more deleterious than in other cases. Rad51 interacts with the mediator proteins Rad52, Rad55, and Rad57, whic ...
... Several studies have reported on the effects of Rad51 overexpression in S. cerevisiae. Since the level of overexpression varies in these studies, in some cases Rad51 overexpression has been more deleterious than in other cases. Rad51 interacts with the mediator proteins Rad52, Rad55, and Rad57, whic ...
Pretreatment Increases Cytokine-induced NO Production
... have been identified and categorized into constitutive and inducible isotypes. Two distinct constitutive NOS (cNOS) isoforms have been cloned from neuronal (2) and endothelial cells (3), which produce nanomolar amounts of NO. A third isoform, inducible NOS (iNOS) is expressed in response to inflamma ...
... have been identified and categorized into constitutive and inducible isotypes. Two distinct constitutive NOS (cNOS) isoforms have been cloned from neuronal (2) and endothelial cells (3), which produce nanomolar amounts of NO. A third isoform, inducible NOS (iNOS) is expressed in response to inflamma ...
The role of c-di-GMP signaling in an Aeromonas veronii biovar
... niches (hospital sewage water, lagoon where duckweed is grown for sewage water purification, fish culture pond where sewage-grown duckweed was used as fish feed and control environmental pond). MT-G was not only detected 2007 Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by Blackwell Pu ...
... niches (hospital sewage water, lagoon where duckweed is grown for sewage water purification, fish culture pond where sewage-grown duckweed was used as fish feed and control environmental pond). MT-G was not only detected 2007 Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by Blackwell Pu ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... µg/ml BFA (Sigma). For immunofluorescence, cells were grown on 12-mm glass coverslips, treated where indicated, and either fixed in methanol (–20°C for 10 minutes) or 3% paraformaldehyde (20 minutes at room temperature). Paraformaldehyde-fixed cells were stained as previously described (Jesch and Li ...
... µg/ml BFA (Sigma). For immunofluorescence, cells were grown on 12-mm glass coverslips, treated where indicated, and either fixed in methanol (–20°C for 10 minutes) or 3% paraformaldehyde (20 minutes at room temperature). Paraformaldehyde-fixed cells were stained as previously described (Jesch and Li ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Yano et al., 2003). These findings suggest that the early step of the gravitropism occurring in the endodermis is impaired in the mutants. They still retain, however, the ability for the latter steps, signal formation in the gravity perceptive cell, intracellular and intercellular signal transductio ...
... Yano et al., 2003). These findings suggest that the early step of the gravitropism occurring in the endodermis is impaired in the mutants. They still retain, however, the ability for the latter steps, signal formation in the gravity perceptive cell, intracellular and intercellular signal transductio ...
casanova and endoderm formation - Development
... 1999). Activation of Nodal signalling by ectopic expression of tar*, bon/mixer or fau/gata5 fail to induce endoderm in cas mutants, indicating that cas is required for the action of these Nodal signalling components (Alexander and Stainier, 1999; Reiter et al., 2001). The cas gene encodes a novel hi ...
... 1999). Activation of Nodal signalling by ectopic expression of tar*, bon/mixer or fau/gata5 fail to induce endoderm in cas mutants, indicating that cas is required for the action of these Nodal signalling components (Alexander and Stainier, 1999; Reiter et al., 2001). The cas gene encodes a novel hi ...
Shoot and root branch growth angle control
... of modern cultivated rice varieties. In 2008, two groups working independently identified PROSTRATE GROWTH1 (PROG1) as an important regulator of this transition to more vertical tiller growth [14,15, Table 1]. PROG1 contains a single C2H2 type Zinc finger motif suggesting that the protein may functi ...
... of modern cultivated rice varieties. In 2008, two groups working independently identified PROSTRATE GROWTH1 (PROG1) as an important regulator of this transition to more vertical tiller growth [14,15, Table 1]. PROG1 contains a single C2H2 type Zinc finger motif suggesting that the protein may functi ...
TBX5 is required for embryonic cardiac cell cycle - UNC
... Despite the critical importance of TBX5 in normal development and disease, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which TBX5 functions in the embryonic heart. Our present studies demonstrate that TBX5 is necessary to control the length of the embryonic cardiac cell cycle, with depletion ...
... Despite the critical importance of TBX5 in normal development and disease, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which TBX5 functions in the embryonic heart. Our present studies demonstrate that TBX5 is necessary to control the length of the embryonic cardiac cell cycle, with depletion ...
Intracellular control of developmental and regenerative axon growth
... and multiple microtubule binding proteins. The role of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in regulation of local axon assembly is less clear, but may involve the regulation of local protein translation. Gene expression during axon growth is regulated by transcription factors, amo ...
... and multiple microtubule binding proteins. The role of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in regulation of local axon assembly is less clear, but may involve the regulation of local protein translation. Gene expression during axon growth is regulated by transcription factors, amo ...
Targets hidden by fibrin networks still need to find their place in the
... Fibrin networks provide sites for crosslinking of additional matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (Figure 2 & 3) [18, 20]. The resulting multimolecular scaffold greatly enhances opportunities for cell attachment. It also offers binding sites for growth factors. Notably, vascular endothelium growth f ...
... Fibrin networks provide sites for crosslinking of additional matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (Figure 2 & 3) [18, 20]. The resulting multimolecular scaffold greatly enhances opportunities for cell attachment. It also offers binding sites for growth factors. Notably, vascular endothelium growth f ...
Paired and LIM class homeodomain proteins coordinate
... The ancient origin of sleep is evidenced by deeply conserved signaling pathways regulating sleep-like behavior, such as signaling through the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In Caenorhabditis elegans, a sleep-like state can be induced at any time during development or adulthood through cond ...
... The ancient origin of sleep is evidenced by deeply conserved signaling pathways regulating sleep-like behavior, such as signaling through the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In Caenorhabditis elegans, a sleep-like state can be induced at any time during development or adulthood through cond ...
The cell biology of lignification in higher plants
... Scope Cell wall lignification exhibits specific characteristics depending on the cell type being considered. These characteristics include the timing of lignification during cell differentiation, the palette of associated enzymes and substrates, the sub-cellular deposition sites, the monomeric com ...
... Scope Cell wall lignification exhibits specific characteristics depending on the cell type being considered. These characteristics include the timing of lignification during cell differentiation, the palette of associated enzymes and substrates, the sub-cellular deposition sites, the monomeric com ...
Neural induction requires continued suppression of
... inhibition of BMP signaling is sufficient to induce neural tissues in vivo remains controversial. Here we have addressed why inhibition of BMP/Smad1 signaling does not induce neural markers efficiently in Xenopus ventral ectoderm, and show that suppression of both Smad1 and Smad2 signals is sufficie ...
... inhibition of BMP signaling is sufficient to induce neural tissues in vivo remains controversial. Here we have addressed why inhibition of BMP/Smad1 signaling does not induce neural markers efficiently in Xenopus ventral ectoderm, and show that suppression of both Smad1 and Smad2 signals is sufficie ...
WOX11 and 12 Are Involved in the First-Step Cell
... explants was in the procambium cells, although GUS signals were also visible in some parenchyma cells near the procambium (Figure 1K; Supplemental Figure 1). The regenerating root primordium was visible under a microscope in 4-DAC explants, and the GUS staining became further concentrated in the reg ...
... explants was in the procambium cells, although GUS signals were also visible in some parenchyma cells near the procambium (Figure 1K; Supplemental Figure 1). The regenerating root primordium was visible under a microscope in 4-DAC explants, and the GUS staining became further concentrated in the reg ...
