Sample exam 1
... 5. Which one of the following processes is not stimulated by insulin? a. Glucose uptake in muscle b. Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in muscle c. Glycolysis in liver d. Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in liver e. All of the processes listed are stimulated by insulin Essay questions: A ...
... 5. Which one of the following processes is not stimulated by insulin? a. Glucose uptake in muscle b. Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in muscle c. Glycolysis in liver d. Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in liver e. All of the processes listed are stimulated by insulin Essay questions: A ...
here
... Write your name, the date you turn it in (honor system) and the period of your class at the top. Each day late is penalized 10 pts. If you are out of school, it can be submitted via e-mail. ...
... Write your name, the date you turn it in (honor system) and the period of your class at the top. Each day late is penalized 10 pts. If you are out of school, it can be submitted via e-mail. ...
3 – Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
... 5) Either from memory, or modeled after figure 1 on page 184, create a summary table (not a pretty diagram) that summarizes the key tallies for each major part of cellular respiration. You may follow the suggested table format on the next page, or make your own comprehensive summary table. Use the g ...
... 5) Either from memory, or modeled after figure 1 on page 184, create a summary table (not a pretty diagram) that summarizes the key tallies for each major part of cellular respiration. You may follow the suggested table format on the next page, or make your own comprehensive summary table. Use the g ...
Exam2-2007.doc
... B) spontaneous changes result in a more uniform distribution of energy. C) all chemical reactions are exergonic. D) there is a natural tendency toward greater disorder of the organization of matter. E) All are true of the second law. 20) Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynam ...
... B) spontaneous changes result in a more uniform distribution of energy. C) all chemical reactions are exergonic. D) there is a natural tendency toward greater disorder of the organization of matter. E) All are true of the second law. 20) Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynam ...
H +
... What molecule is the final acceptor of the electrons? What is the byproduct that is generated during the ETC? The ETC does not generate ATP. What is it’s purpose? ...
... What molecule is the final acceptor of the electrons? What is the byproduct that is generated during the ETC? The ETC does not generate ATP. What is it’s purpose? ...
Why ATP?
... Because the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi differ from one cell type to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, AD ...
... Because the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi differ from one cell type to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, AD ...
WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT RESPIRATION NAME ANSWERS
... Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) What happens to pyruvate/pyruvic acid if there IS oxygen available? Moves into mitochondria and enters Krebs cycle What molecule acts as a helper to allow the carbons from pyruvate to enter the Krebs cycle? Co-enzyme A picks up carbons from pyruvic acid and becomes acetyl-CoA ...
... Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) What happens to pyruvate/pyruvic acid if there IS oxygen available? Moves into mitochondria and enters Krebs cycle What molecule acts as a helper to allow the carbons from pyruvate to enter the Krebs cycle? Co-enzyme A picks up carbons from pyruvic acid and becomes acetyl-CoA ...
Observations during muscle contraction
... – Ca++ transport to SR (Ca++ ATPase) – Na+/K+ transport across sarcolemma (Na+/K+ ATPase) ...
... – Ca++ transport to SR (Ca++ ATPase) – Na+/K+ transport across sarcolemma (Na+/K+ ATPase) ...
Notes CH 7 - Haiku Learning
... a) Perhaps the first biochemical pathway to evolve b) Uses no oxygen c) Occurs in cytosol/cytoplasm d) No organelles required ...
... a) Perhaps the first biochemical pathway to evolve b) Uses no oxygen c) Occurs in cytosol/cytoplasm d) No organelles required ...
Harvesting Energy
... inner mitochondrial membrane. These complexes, together called the electron transport chain, use the donated energy from the electron carriers to pump protons into the intermembrane space, forming a concentration gradient of protons across the membrane. The protons flow down their concentration grad ...
... inner mitochondrial membrane. These complexes, together called the electron transport chain, use the donated energy from the electron carriers to pump protons into the intermembrane space, forming a concentration gradient of protons across the membrane. The protons flow down their concentration grad ...
Slide 1
... Source of ATP in resting muscle fibers • Resting muscle fibers takes up free fatty acids from blood. • Fatty acids are oxidized (in the mitochondria) to produce acetyl CoA & molecules of NADH & FADH2 ...
... Source of ATP in resting muscle fibers • Resting muscle fibers takes up free fatty acids from blood. • Fatty acids are oxidized (in the mitochondria) to produce acetyl CoA & molecules of NADH & FADH2 ...
Study Outline
... one acetyl group. 12. Two-carbon acetyl groups are oxidized in the Krebs cycle. Electrons are picked up by NAD+ and FAD for the electron transport chain. 13. From one molecule of glucose, oxidation produces six molecules of NADH, two molecules of FADH2, and two molecules of ATP. 14. Decarboxylation ...
... one acetyl group. 12. Two-carbon acetyl groups are oxidized in the Krebs cycle. Electrons are picked up by NAD+ and FAD for the electron transport chain. 13. From one molecule of glucose, oxidation produces six molecules of NADH, two molecules of FADH2, and two molecules of ATP. 14. Decarboxylation ...
8.2 HL Respiration pPractice Questions
... same time, one NADH + H+ is formed. o This is known as the link reaction. o In the Krebs cycle, each acetyl group (CH3CO) formed in the link reaction yields two CO2. o The names of the intermediate compounds in the cycle are not required. o Thus it would be acceptable to note: C2 C4 C6 C5 + = → →, a ...
... same time, one NADH + H+ is formed. o This is known as the link reaction. o In the Krebs cycle, each acetyl group (CH3CO) formed in the link reaction yields two CO2. o The names of the intermediate compounds in the cycle are not required. o Thus it would be acceptable to note: C2 C4 C6 C5 + = → →, a ...
Biology Level 2
... Parts of the ATP molecule What is ATP Difference in ATP and ADP When is energy released? Ingenhousz’s experiment Chemical equation for photosynthesis: Reactants and Products The role of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis Granum Thylakoids Stroma Photosystem I, Photosystem II, Calvin cycl ...
... Parts of the ATP molecule What is ATP Difference in ATP and ADP When is energy released? Ingenhousz’s experiment Chemical equation for photosynthesis: Reactants and Products The role of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis Granum Thylakoids Stroma Photosystem I, Photosystem II, Calvin cycl ...
Problem Set 5 (Due February 25th) 1. Show how glucose can be
... spectrophotometrically – I noticed that the experimental section refers to another paper, so I apologize if this gave you a headache. e. Figure 5 has a lot of important information. i. What does this figure tell us about Glucose-1-phosphate and AMP – are they activators or inhibitors? They are activ ...
... spectrophotometrically – I noticed that the experimental section refers to another paper, so I apologize if this gave you a headache. e. Figure 5 has a lot of important information. i. What does this figure tell us about Glucose-1-phosphate and AMP – are they activators or inhibitors? They are activ ...
Cells and Energy
... increases the surface area for the electron transport chain. Matrix: aqueous solution in the center of mitochondria where chemical reactions of Krebs cycle occur. Inner-Membrane Space: area where a hydrogen ion gradient is established using energy from electron transport chain – gradient powers the ...
... increases the surface area for the electron transport chain. Matrix: aqueous solution in the center of mitochondria where chemical reactions of Krebs cycle occur. Inner-Membrane Space: area where a hydrogen ion gradient is established using energy from electron transport chain – gradient powers the ...
Vitamins Clinical relevance: homocystinuria: B6 and/or B12 and/or
... o both forms have same fxnl end: 2 N atoms in ring o redox rxns occurring in 2 steps o Electron transport in mitochondria to drive ATP production o xenobiotic drug metabolism via cytochrom P450, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ...
... o both forms have same fxnl end: 2 N atoms in ring o redox rxns occurring in 2 steps o Electron transport in mitochondria to drive ATP production o xenobiotic drug metabolism via cytochrom P450, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ...
Module 3 Notes
... o ___________________ diffuse across membrane freely _______ re-enters cell via _________________ o Through transporter called ___________________ ________________ captures energy in gradient o Produces _________ _______________________ Summary of Respiration Aerobic respiration: the final e ...
... o ___________________ diffuse across membrane freely _______ re-enters cell via _________________ o Through transporter called ___________________ ________________ captures energy in gradient o Produces _________ _______________________ Summary of Respiration Aerobic respiration: the final e ...
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
... the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell? A cell whose ...
... the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell? A cell whose ...
Second Sample Exam
... environment to make ATP and NADPH to fix CO2. a) Calculate the ΔG for the transport of protons from the outside to the inside of T. ferrooxidans (pH 6.5; membrane potential is zero) on a hot summer day in Pennsylvania. ...
... environment to make ATP and NADPH to fix CO2. a) Calculate the ΔG for the transport of protons from the outside to the inside of T. ferrooxidans (pH 6.5; membrane potential is zero) on a hot summer day in Pennsylvania. ...
Student Version
... the right conditions, and humans have intentionally made use of it for many thousands of years. The earliest uses of fermentation were most likely to create alcoholic beverages such as mead, wine, and beer. These beverages may have been created as far back as 7,000 BCE in parts of the Middle East. T ...
... the right conditions, and humans have intentionally made use of it for many thousands of years. The earliest uses of fermentation were most likely to create alcoholic beverages such as mead, wine, and beer. These beverages may have been created as far back as 7,000 BCE in parts of the Middle East. T ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (Overhead Version)
... The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. It LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. ATP is produced by the Electron Transport Chain when NADH and FADH2 RELEASES Hydrogen Atoms, REGENERATING NAD+ and ...
... The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. It LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. ATP is produced by the Electron Transport Chain when NADH and FADH2 RELEASES Hydrogen Atoms, REGENERATING NAD+ and ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.