outlines
... Impermeable to ions and polar molecules but non-polar molecules can typically diffuse across the membrane Asymmetry: inner and outer layers of the membrane often have differing compositions Membrane Proteins Integral Membrane Proteins Peripheral Membrane Protein Transmembrane Proteins Lipid Protein ...
... Impermeable to ions and polar molecules but non-polar molecules can typically diffuse across the membrane Asymmetry: inner and outer layers of the membrane often have differing compositions Membrane Proteins Integral Membrane Proteins Peripheral Membrane Protein Transmembrane Proteins Lipid Protein ...
AP Biology Notes Outline Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular R
... The ETC converts the chemical energy to a form used to drive oxidative phosphorylation. Cycle generates 1 ATP per turn by substrate phosphorylation…but most of the chemical energy is transferred during the redox reactions to NAD+ and FAD. The reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2, shuttle their cargo of ...
... The ETC converts the chemical energy to a form used to drive oxidative phosphorylation. Cycle generates 1 ATP per turn by substrate phosphorylation…but most of the chemical energy is transferred during the redox reactions to NAD+ and FAD. The reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2, shuttle their cargo of ...
Energy
... each step. Can you find where all of the reactants and products come into play for the lab? When you have finished. Gather the materials you will need for the lab from the back table and place them at one of the lamps for tomorrow. Set your light 8inches from the top of the stand. ...
... each step. Can you find where all of the reactants and products come into play for the lab? When you have finished. Gather the materials you will need for the lab from the back table and place them at one of the lamps for tomorrow. Set your light 8inches from the top of the stand. ...
PPT Nts Cellular Respiration
... 2. ADP : intermembrane space matrix ATP molecules diffuse through large pores in outer mitochondrial membrane and into cytosol ...
... 2. ADP : intermembrane space matrix ATP molecules diffuse through large pores in outer mitochondrial membrane and into cytosol ...
4.1_Proteins_Amino_Acids_2011
... (A) Each amino acid contributes three bonds (red) to the backbone of the chain. The peptide bond is planar (gray shading) and does not permit rotation. By contrast, rotation can occur about the Cα–C bond, whose angle of rotation is called psi (ψ), and about the N–Cα bond, whose angle of rotation is ...
... (A) Each amino acid contributes three bonds (red) to the backbone of the chain. The peptide bond is planar (gray shading) and does not permit rotation. By contrast, rotation can occur about the Cα–C bond, whose angle of rotation is called psi (ψ), and about the N–Cα bond, whose angle of rotation is ...
Lecture 2 Glycolysis
... • Pyruvate can be considered as the end product of glycolysis. • Pyruvate is used for biosynthesis of many amino acids • Can also be turned into other metabolites which enter other biosynthetic pathways • Pyruvate can undergo oxidative decarboxylation to make acetyl‐CoA, which is also widely used fo ...
... • Pyruvate can be considered as the end product of glycolysis. • Pyruvate is used for biosynthesis of many amino acids • Can also be turned into other metabolites which enter other biosynthetic pathways • Pyruvate can undergo oxidative decarboxylation to make acetyl‐CoA, which is also widely used fo ...
Alcoholic fermentation
... …………………….. back to NAD+ so that the energy yielding phase of glycolysis can continue. In yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated to ETHANAL (…..C), releasing …………….. . The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase then ……………….. ETHANAL to ETHANOL (…..C), at the same time ………………… NADH back to ……………. . CH3CHO + NADH ...
... …………………….. back to NAD+ so that the energy yielding phase of glycolysis can continue. In yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated to ETHANAL (…..C), releasing …………….. . The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase then ……………….. ETHANAL to ETHANOL (…..C), at the same time ………………… NADH back to ……………. . CH3CHO + NADH ...
Aerobic Energy Systems
... VO2 max is the maximum amount of O2 that the body can consume and use. A higher VO2 max means a higher level of aerobic fitness. If exercise intensity is submaximal (below VO2 max) then O2 consumption reaches a ‘steady state.’ – O2 consumption matches O2 required. VO2 max can be assessed by measurin ...
... VO2 max is the maximum amount of O2 that the body can consume and use. A higher VO2 max means a higher level of aerobic fitness. If exercise intensity is submaximal (below VO2 max) then O2 consumption reaches a ‘steady state.’ – O2 consumption matches O2 required. VO2 max can be assessed by measurin ...
Biochemistry 3020 1. The consumption of
... 4. In the last reaction of the citric acid cycle, malate is hydrogenated to regenerate the oxaloacetate necessary for the entry of acetyl-CoA into the cycle: L-Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ∆G’0 = 30.0 kJ/mol (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 25°C. (b) The measur ...
... 4. In the last reaction of the citric acid cycle, malate is hydrogenated to regenerate the oxaloacetate necessary for the entry of acetyl-CoA into the cycle: L-Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ∆G’0 = 30.0 kJ/mol (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 25°C. (b) The measur ...
Study guide for Midterm 3.
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Energy
... Then, citric acid is broken down in the next series of steps, releasing 2 molecules of CO2 and generating one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2. FAD is another electron carrier similar to NAD+ and NADP+ Finally, acetyl CoA and citric acid are generated and the cycle continues The net yield from the ...
... Then, citric acid is broken down in the next series of steps, releasing 2 molecules of CO2 and generating one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2. FAD is another electron carrier similar to NAD+ and NADP+ Finally, acetyl CoA and citric acid are generated and the cycle continues The net yield from the ...
BIO 101 Blinderman Mercer County Community College Division of
... 8. Detail the components of eukaryotic nuclear membrane including double layer, pores, and lamina 9. Find and describe the nucleolus, chromatin (and chromosomes) 10. View cellular locations of ribosomes (bound and free) and describe role in protein synthesis 11. List components of endomembrane syste ...
... 8. Detail the components of eukaryotic nuclear membrane including double layer, pores, and lamina 9. Find and describe the nucleolus, chromatin (and chromosomes) 10. View cellular locations of ribosomes (bound and free) and describe role in protein synthesis 11. List components of endomembrane syste ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Energy
... Then, citric acid is broken down in the next series of steps, releasing 2 molecules of CO2 and generating one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2. FAD is another electron carrier similar to NAD+ and NADP+ Finally, acetyl CoA and citric acid are generated and the cycle continues The net yield from the ...
... Then, citric acid is broken down in the next series of steps, releasing 2 molecules of CO2 and generating one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2. FAD is another electron carrier similar to NAD+ and NADP+ Finally, acetyl CoA and citric acid are generated and the cycle continues The net yield from the ...
Ch 8 Cellular Energy
... aerobic respiration, no Krebs Cycle, no Electron Transport Chain Allows the continuation of glycolysis by the removal of pyruvate Some organisms in anaerobic environments produce energy by fermentation all the time ...
... aerobic respiration, no Krebs Cycle, no Electron Transport Chain Allows the continuation of glycolysis by the removal of pyruvate Some organisms in anaerobic environments produce energy by fermentation all the time ...
A.) There are three different categories of cellular poisons that affect
... § List and describe the three main stages of cellular respiration § Describe the major steps of glycolysis and explain why glycolysis is considered to be a metabolic pathway § Explain how pyruvate is altered to enter the citric acid cycle and why coenzymes are important to the process ...
... § List and describe the three main stages of cellular respiration § Describe the major steps of glycolysis and explain why glycolysis is considered to be a metabolic pathway § Explain how pyruvate is altered to enter the citric acid cycle and why coenzymes are important to the process ...
Chapter 9-2 Guided Reading
... intermembrane space, making it positively charged. The other side of the membrane, from which those H+ ions have been taken, is now negatively charged. The charge differences that build up cause the ions to move. ...
... intermembrane space, making it positively charged. The other side of the membrane, from which those H+ ions have been taken, is now negatively charged. The charge differences that build up cause the ions to move. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Electron Transport & Chemiosmosis: Generates Most ATP Produced During Cellular Respiration ...
... Electron Transport & Chemiosmosis: Generates Most ATP Produced During Cellular Respiration ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration
... F: stage of cell resp that does not occur in the mitochondria. Occurs in the cytoplasm B: glycolysis F: stages of cell resp that produces 2 ATPs B: glycolysis and Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) F: stages of cell resp that is aerobic B: Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and electron transport chain ...
... F: stage of cell resp that does not occur in the mitochondria. Occurs in the cytoplasm B: glycolysis F: stages of cell resp that produces 2 ATPs B: glycolysis and Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) F: stages of cell resp that is aerobic B: Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and electron transport chain ...
Module 10: Catabolism of Amino Acids
... 12. What is the structure of the partially oxidized fatty acyl group that is formed when oleic acid, 18:1(Δ9), has undergone three cycles of β oxidation? 13. Below is list of events that occur during fatty acid oxidation. For each fatty acid drawn below, fill in the blank with the letter correspondi ...
... 12. What is the structure of the partially oxidized fatty acyl group that is formed when oleic acid, 18:1(Δ9), has undergone three cycles of β oxidation? 13. Below is list of events that occur during fatty acid oxidation. For each fatty acid drawn below, fill in the blank with the letter correspondi ...
Chem 365 Problem set 10 answer key 1. Ketone bodies are formed
... A) Carnitine is required to transport fatty acyl CoA into the mitochondrial matrix for β oxidation. The inhibition of fatty acid transport caused by a deficiency in carnitine diminishes energy production from fats for muscular work. Excess fatty acyl-CoA can be converted to triaclglycerols in the mu ...
... A) Carnitine is required to transport fatty acyl CoA into the mitochondrial matrix for β oxidation. The inhibition of fatty acid transport caused by a deficiency in carnitine diminishes energy production from fats for muscular work. Excess fatty acyl-CoA can be converted to triaclglycerols in the mu ...
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
... a) Brain has extraordinary high energy demand to maintain the ionic concentration after action potential and signal transduction. 20 % of O2 is consumed by adult brain in human body (60 % in child). 60-70 % of all ATP is used by Na-K-ATPase in brain. It needs maximal activity of PDHC. b) Anaerobic g ...
... a) Brain has extraordinary high energy demand to maintain the ionic concentration after action potential and signal transduction. 20 % of O2 is consumed by adult brain in human body (60 % in child). 60-70 % of all ATP is used by Na-K-ATPase in brain. It needs maximal activity of PDHC. b) Anaerobic g ...
Microbial metabolism
... difference between these two – also a note on this slide saying I just want them to know that for both SLP and OP the energy yielod is greatest for aerobic respiration, lowest for fermentation and intermediate for anaerobic respiration; and also that in fermentation there is ONLY substrate level pho ...
... difference between these two – also a note on this slide saying I just want them to know that for both SLP and OP the energy yielod is greatest for aerobic respiration, lowest for fermentation and intermediate for anaerobic respiration; and also that in fermentation there is ONLY substrate level pho ...
Study Guide - PEP 535 Exam#1
... How would you explain the biochemistry of metabolic acidosis during exercise? What is the strong ion difference, and how is it used to argue for the development of metabolic acidosis? Mitochondrial Respiration Compared to glycolysis, explain where the added sources of ATP come from during oxidative ...
... How would you explain the biochemistry of metabolic acidosis during exercise? What is the strong ion difference, and how is it used to argue for the development of metabolic acidosis? Mitochondrial Respiration Compared to glycolysis, explain where the added sources of ATP come from during oxidative ...
Cellular Respiration - Peoria Public Schools
... inner mit. comp. and “drop” them off. 2.H+ passes through a H+ pump to outer mit. comp. (more H+ outside than inside) 3.H+ diffuses back into inner mit. comp. 4.As H+ diffuses the reaction of ADP + P ATP occurs. 5.H+ combines with O2 to make H2O. ...
... inner mit. comp. and “drop” them off. 2.H+ passes through a H+ pump to outer mit. comp. (more H+ outside than inside) 3.H+ diffuses back into inner mit. comp. 4.As H+ diffuses the reaction of ADP + P ATP occurs. 5.H+ combines with O2 to make H2O. ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.