File - Kirkwall Grammar School
... What happens if intense muscle activity continues after the creatine phosphate store has depleted? ...
... What happens if intense muscle activity continues after the creatine phosphate store has depleted? ...
acetyl CoA
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
Biology of the Cell - Practice Exam: Unit III
... carbon dioxide is combined with certain organic compounds in the plant, producing glucose water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen and water the hydrogen removed from water ...
... carbon dioxide is combined with certain organic compounds in the plant, producing glucose water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen and water the hydrogen removed from water ...
Ch8_CellularRespiration
... • 6-carbon sugar is split into 3-carbon pyruvate. • 2 molecules of ATP are required for glycolysis, while 4 are produced, for a net gain of 2 ATPs. • Glycolysis supplies some energy, its product (pyruvate) can be broken down ...
... • 6-carbon sugar is split into 3-carbon pyruvate. • 2 molecules of ATP are required for glycolysis, while 4 are produced, for a net gain of 2 ATPs. • Glycolysis supplies some energy, its product (pyruvate) can be broken down ...
Biology of the Cell - Practice Exam: Unit III (Answer key)
... carbon dioxide is combined with certain organic compounds in the plant, producing glucose water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen and water the hydrogen removed from water ...
... carbon dioxide is combined with certain organic compounds in the plant, producing glucose water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen water molecules are split, through the energy of light, into hydrogen and water the hydrogen removed from water ...
Photosynthesis: dark reactions
... What happens to the products of photosynthesis (“photosynthate”) ? • much of the photosynthate is used as fuel for cellular respiration • some 3PGA (phosphoglyceric acid -- product of first step in Calvin Cycle) is transported into the cytosol and used to make amino acids • G-3-P (glyceraldehyde 3- ...
... What happens to the products of photosynthesis (“photosynthate”) ? • much of the photosynthate is used as fuel for cellular respiration • some 3PGA (phosphoglyceric acid -- product of first step in Calvin Cycle) is transported into the cytosol and used to make amino acids • G-3-P (glyceraldehyde 3- ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
... If the reactions of respiration occurred all at once, the sudden release of heat energy would harm or destroy cells. 2. What occurs in each of the three stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules and produces ATP and some NADH for later use. The Krebs cycle ...
... If the reactions of respiration occurred all at once, the sudden release of heat energy would harm or destroy cells. 2. What occurs in each of the three stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules and produces ATP and some NADH for later use. The Krebs cycle ...
BIOLOGY 1 QUIZ REVIEW SHEET CHAPTER 4.4
... Photosynthesis REVIEW first (there will be SOME photosynthesis questions are your quiz next time) 1. What are products of photosynthesis? Sugar and oxygen 2. What organelle does photosynthesis occur in? chloroplast 3. What are the 2 parts of the chloroplast? Thylakoid and stroma 4. Light hits the __ ...
... Photosynthesis REVIEW first (there will be SOME photosynthesis questions are your quiz next time) 1. What are products of photosynthesis? Sugar and oxygen 2. What organelle does photosynthesis occur in? chloroplast 3. What are the 2 parts of the chloroplast? Thylakoid and stroma 4. Light hits the __ ...
Slide 1
... – Location: mitochondrial matrix – Purpose: Breaks down pyruvate into CO2 and supplies ETC with electrons (via NADH, FADH2) – What Happens?: 2-C acetate combines with 4-C oxaloacetate forming 6-C citrate – 6-C citrate then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate (4-C ...
... – Location: mitochondrial matrix – Purpose: Breaks down pyruvate into CO2 and supplies ETC with electrons (via NADH, FADH2) – What Happens?: 2-C acetate combines with 4-C oxaloacetate forming 6-C citrate – 6-C citrate then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate (4-C ...
to make ATP= Cellular Respiration
... How is this formula similar to photosynthesis? Reactants C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose oxygen ...
... How is this formula similar to photosynthesis? Reactants C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose oxygen ...
Nucleotide Metabolism - Indiana University
... pathway – Base synthesized while attached to ribose – IMP is common intermediate for AMP and GMP, but itself is not a typical nucleotide ...
... pathway – Base synthesized while attached to ribose – IMP is common intermediate for AMP and GMP, but itself is not a typical nucleotide ...
General Biology I (BIOLS 102)
... Four ATP molecules are formed by substratelevel ATP synthesis Net gain of two ATP from glycolysis, why? Both G3Ps are oxidized to pyruvates Pyruvate enters mitochondria if oxygen is available and aerobic respiration follows If oxygen is not available, glycolysis becomes a part of fermentat ...
... Four ATP molecules are formed by substratelevel ATP synthesis Net gain of two ATP from glycolysis, why? Both G3Ps are oxidized to pyruvates Pyruvate enters mitochondria if oxygen is available and aerobic respiration follows If oxygen is not available, glycolysis becomes a part of fermentat ...
Kevin Ahern's Biochemistry (BB 450/550) at Oregon State University
... 1. Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, is a catabolic pathway involving oxidation and yields ATP energy. Gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose, is an anabolic pathway that involves reduction and requires ATP and ATP.. There are 10 reactions in glycolysis. Students should know structures of fru ...
... 1. Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, is a catabolic pathway involving oxidation and yields ATP energy. Gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose, is an anabolic pathway that involves reduction and requires ATP and ATP.. There are 10 reactions in glycolysis. Students should know structures of fru ...
Energy systems.
... - increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres - increases the activity of enzymes (Krebs cycle) - preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise ...
... - increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres - increases the activity of enzymes (Krebs cycle) - preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise ...
chapt08
... 7. The prep reaction and citric acid cycle enzymes are in the matrix; the electron transport chain is in the cristae. 8. Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration is produced in the mitochondria; therefore, mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” of the cell. Preparatory Reaction 1. T ...
... 7. The prep reaction and citric acid cycle enzymes are in the matrix; the electron transport chain is in the cristae. 8. Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration is produced in the mitochondria; therefore, mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” of the cell. Preparatory Reaction 1. T ...
AP Biology - TeacherWeb
... 9. A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein’s pathway in the cell? a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulumnucleusvesicleplasma membrane b. Plastid rough endoplasmic reticulumplasma membrane c. Nucleus vesiclerough ...
... 9. A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein’s pathway in the cell? a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulumnucleusvesicleplasma membrane b. Plastid rough endoplasmic reticulumplasma membrane c. Nucleus vesiclerough ...
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a
... The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. Its function is to break the large amount of energy in food in manageable amounts. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its Auphill@ neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized ...
... The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. Its function is to break the large amount of energy in food in manageable amounts. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its Auphill@ neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized ...
Energy Systems
... other functions needed to stay alive, such as digestion of foods, circulation and repairing tissues. ...
... other functions needed to stay alive, such as digestion of foods, circulation and repairing tissues. ...
An overview of Metabolism - Harford Community College
... Example of a redox reaction: NAD+ • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme that carries electrons to be used in the electron transport chain. ...
... Example of a redox reaction: NAD+ • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme that carries electrons to be used in the electron transport chain. ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.