Title - Iowa State University
... 11. Which of the following best describes the process that occurs during the citric acid cycle? a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbons are used to form acetyl CoA. b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produ ...
... 11. Which of the following best describes the process that occurs during the citric acid cycle? a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbons are used to form acetyl CoA. b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produ ...
Metabolism Summary
... • has other names, including: • the tricarboxylic acid cycle. • the Krebs cycle. • is the principle process for generating the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. • is the source of intermediates for biosynthesis. • occurs within the matrix of the mitochondrion. • includes eight reactions. ...
... • has other names, including: • the tricarboxylic acid cycle. • the Krebs cycle. • is the principle process for generating the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. • is the source of intermediates for biosynthesis. • occurs within the matrix of the mitochondrion. • includes eight reactions. ...
UNIT 7 Metabolism and generation of ATP
... Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation (anabolism and catabolism) are not simple reversals of each other. Though there may be individual reactions that are reversals of each other, there are at least some enzymes that are different, some regulation systems that are opposed to each other ...
... Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation (anabolism and catabolism) are not simple reversals of each other. Though there may be individual reactions that are reversals of each other, there are at least some enzymes that are different, some regulation systems that are opposed to each other ...
Cellular Energy
... • A group of 3 integral proteins and 2 membrane coenzymes associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane called the electron transport chain (ETC) creates a H+ gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria using the H of from NADH and FADH2 that accumulate in the mito ...
... • A group of 3 integral proteins and 2 membrane coenzymes associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane called the electron transport chain (ETC) creates a H+ gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria using the H of from NADH and FADH2 that accumulate in the mito ...
Key concepts for Essay #1
... This question was a cell biology energetics question that required both breadth and depth of knowledge to answer the question successfully. Full credit could only be obtained by responding to three of the process examples listed in the question. Also, if more than three processes were discussed, rea ...
... This question was a cell biology energetics question that required both breadth and depth of knowledge to answer the question successfully. Full credit could only be obtained by responding to three of the process examples listed in the question. Also, if more than three processes were discussed, rea ...
Biology-1 Sample Questions for Exam Two Facilitated diffusion
... b. the movement of water from an area of low water concentration to a area of high water concentration c. the consumption of ATP d. the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration e. protein pumps to move substances 3. If two aqueous solutions that differ ...
... b. the movement of water from an area of low water concentration to a area of high water concentration c. the consumption of ATP d. the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration e. protein pumps to move substances 3. If two aqueous solutions that differ ...
Biology-1 Sample Questions for Exam Two Facilitated diffusion
... b. the movement of water from an area of low water concentration to a area of high water concentration c. the consumption of ATP d. the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration e. protein pumps to move substances 3. If two aqueous solutions that differ ...
... b. the movement of water from an area of low water concentration to a area of high water concentration c. the consumption of ATP d. the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration e. protein pumps to move substances 3. If two aqueous solutions that differ ...
here - Biology 100
... Which of the following is/are true concerning metabolic pathways? a. The products of a metabolic reaction will always contain more energy than did the reactants. b. They occur in an orderly series of chemical reactions. c. They may cause the formation or breakdown of molecules. d. They are able to s ...
... Which of the following is/are true concerning metabolic pathways? a. The products of a metabolic reaction will always contain more energy than did the reactants. b. They occur in an orderly series of chemical reactions. c. They may cause the formation or breakdown of molecules. d. They are able to s ...
Solutions to 7.014 Quiz I
... ii) These aerobic organisms generate 18 times more energy from glucose as compared to the organisms from part (b). Briefly describe how this additional energy is generated. Some of this additional energy comes directly from further oxidation of pyruvate into CO2. The electrons from NADH are used to ...
... ii) These aerobic organisms generate 18 times more energy from glucose as compared to the organisms from part (b). Briefly describe how this additional energy is generated. Some of this additional energy comes directly from further oxidation of pyruvate into CO2. The electrons from NADH are used to ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain • Generates proton gradient or proton motive force (pmf) • In chemio ...
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain • Generates proton gradient or proton motive force (pmf) • In chemio ...
Reactions of Photosynthesis (continued)
... followed by the Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs Cycle) and electron transport chain = cellular respiration – releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen ...
... followed by the Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs Cycle) and electron transport chain = cellular respiration – releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain ...
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain ...
Essential Questions for Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration
... 34. T/F: There can be no photosynthesis at night because the sun is not visible. 35. T/F: No cellular respiration occurs at night because the sun is not visible. X. Comparison Questions Match the questions on the left with the process on the right. You can use a choice more than once or not at all. ...
... 34. T/F: There can be no photosynthesis at night because the sun is not visible. 35. T/F: No cellular respiration occurs at night because the sun is not visible. X. Comparison Questions Match the questions on the left with the process on the right. You can use a choice more than once or not at all. ...
WEEK 8 - WordPress.com
... ATP Synthase • Is an enzyme • Produces ATP from hydrogen ions flowing down their concentration gradient FROM the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix • ATP is transported out of the matrix via an ATP channel protein • At any time, the amount of ATP in human body is only enough to sustain 1 mi ...
... ATP Synthase • Is an enzyme • Produces ATP from hydrogen ions flowing down their concentration gradient FROM the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix • ATP is transported out of the matrix via an ATP channel protein • At any time, the amount of ATP in human body is only enough to sustain 1 mi ...
How life evolved: 10 steps to the first cells
... more placid affairs known as alkaline hydrothermal vents. This theory can explain life’s strangest feature, and there is growing evidence to support it. Earlier this year, for instance, lab experiments confirmed that conditions in some of the numerous pores within the vents can lead to high concentr ...
... more placid affairs known as alkaline hydrothermal vents. This theory can explain life’s strangest feature, and there is growing evidence to support it. Earlier this year, for instance, lab experiments confirmed that conditions in some of the numerous pores within the vents can lead to high concentr ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... pathway – Base synthesized while attached to ribose – IMP is common intermediate for AMP and GMP, but itself is not a typical nucleotide ...
... pathway – Base synthesized while attached to ribose – IMP is common intermediate for AMP and GMP, but itself is not a typical nucleotide ...
Chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitors
... reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix ...
... reaction driven by movement of H+ across the inner membrane into the matrix ...
File
... peroxisomal enzymes due to defects in translocation of proteins from the cytoplasm into the peroxisome. – Adrenoleukodydstrophy is caused by lack of a peroxisomal enzyme, leading to fatty acid accumulation in the brain and destruction of the myelin sheath of nerve cells. ...
... peroxisomal enzymes due to defects in translocation of proteins from the cytoplasm into the peroxisome. – Adrenoleukodydstrophy is caused by lack of a peroxisomal enzyme, leading to fatty acid accumulation in the brain and destruction of the myelin sheath of nerve cells. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The electrons of H+s (of FADH2 and NADH) are transferred from one membrane carrier to another membrane carrier (Cytochromes) • The electrons lose energy as they are transferred (like hot potato) • This energy drives membrane pumps involved with Chemiosmosis ...
... • The electrons of H+s (of FADH2 and NADH) are transferred from one membrane carrier to another membrane carrier (Cytochromes) • The electrons lose energy as they are transferred (like hot potato) • This energy drives membrane pumps involved with Chemiosmosis ...
- Riverside Preparatory High School
... Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH ...
... Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH ...
SBI4U Formal Lab Outline
... ___________________ respiration (fermentation) = ATP-producing pathway in which sugars are only partially degraded (low energy yield); proton donors and acceptors are organic molecules. ...
... ___________________ respiration (fermentation) = ATP-producing pathway in which sugars are only partially degraded (low energy yield); proton donors and acceptors are organic molecules. ...
VISUALIZING CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... If Oxygen is plentiful, pyruvate (the product of glycolysis) goes into the mitochondria where it is “processed” to produce ATP (KREBS CYCLE) . However, the steps in the Krebs cycle can only occur if oxygen is available. FERMENTATION: the result of NO OXYGEN When oxygen is not available, fermentation ...
... If Oxygen is plentiful, pyruvate (the product of glycolysis) goes into the mitochondria where it is “processed” to produce ATP (KREBS CYCLE) . However, the steps in the Krebs cycle can only occur if oxygen is available. FERMENTATION: the result of NO OXYGEN When oxygen is not available, fermentation ...
An Introduction to Metabolism by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman
... into NADH+H+ (and into reducing a related coenzyme, FAD, into FADH2), and some energy is lost as heat. ...
... into NADH+H+ (and into reducing a related coenzyme, FAD, into FADH2), and some energy is lost as heat. ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.