Respiration - Indian River Research and Education Center
... – Without a constant energy supply, organisms would disorganize and die – Living organisms are never at equilibrium ...
... – Without a constant energy supply, organisms would disorganize and die – Living organisms are never at equilibrium ...
Chem 150 Unit 12 - Metabolism
... • The pathway then goes on to split (lyse) the the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules and to oxidize these to α-keto acids (Pyruvic acid). • The energy released in the pathway is used to produce two types of energy rich molecules: • Two molecules of ADP are phosphorylated to ATP. ...
... • The pathway then goes on to split (lyse) the the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules and to oxidize these to α-keto acids (Pyruvic acid). • The energy released in the pathway is used to produce two types of energy rich molecules: • Two molecules of ADP are phosphorylated to ATP. ...
Glycolysis PP
... • Glycolysis certainly evolved in prokaryotes before oxygenation of the atmosphere • Probably one of the very first complex biochemical pathways (>3.5 BYA) • Evidence? – Almost universal. – No requirement for O2: it is an anaerobic process, even when used by aerobic organisms. – Must predate photosy ...
... • Glycolysis certainly evolved in prokaryotes before oxygenation of the atmosphere • Probably one of the very first complex biochemical pathways (>3.5 BYA) • Evidence? – Almost universal. – No requirement for O2: it is an anaerobic process, even when used by aerobic organisms. – Must predate photosy ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
Biology1FinalExam I F'04(2-3-4).doc
... d. chromosomes migrate along the microtubules during mitosis e. substrates bind to enzymes and catalysis occurs 10. NAD+ and NADP+ are examples of a. electron carriers b. oxidizing compounds c. photosynthetic pigments d. sugar-storage molecules e. competitive inhihibitors 11. Ribosomes are the site ...
... d. chromosomes migrate along the microtubules during mitosis e. substrates bind to enzymes and catalysis occurs 10. NAD+ and NADP+ are examples of a. electron carriers b. oxidizing compounds c. photosynthetic pigments d. sugar-storage molecules e. competitive inhihibitors 11. Ribosomes are the site ...
Biology 233
... occurs in mitochondrial matrix 2 (3C) pyruvic acid + 2 coenzyme A -----> 2 (2C) acetyl CoA net gain (per glucose) 2 CO2 2 NADH 3) Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle, Kreb’s cycle) 2 acetyl CoA enter cycle and are broken down occurs in mitochondrial matrix in one cycle: 1 (2C) acetyl CoA + (4C) molecule -- ...
... occurs in mitochondrial matrix 2 (3C) pyruvic acid + 2 coenzyme A -----> 2 (2C) acetyl CoA net gain (per glucose) 2 CO2 2 NADH 3) Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle, Kreb’s cycle) 2 acetyl CoA enter cycle and are broken down occurs in mitochondrial matrix in one cycle: 1 (2C) acetyl CoA + (4C) molecule -- ...
9.8 Photosynthesis 2 (calvin cycle)
... Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the H2O go? Where did the energy come from? What’s the energy used for? What will the C6H12O6 be used for? Where did the O2 come from? Where will the O2 go? What else is involved…not listed in this equation? ...
... Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the H2O go? Where did the energy come from? What’s the energy used for? What will the C6H12O6 be used for? Where did the O2 come from? Where will the O2 go? What else is involved…not listed in this equation? ...
Cellular Respiration
... regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. •Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ...
... regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. •Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 28: Active Transport
... gradient maintained by Na+/K + ATPase gradient maintained by Na+/K + ATPase concentration maintained by Ca2+ ATPases required by many enzymes + about 50 mM of phosphate esters ...
... gradient maintained by Na+/K + ATPase gradient maintained by Na+/K + ATPase concentration maintained by Ca2+ ATPases required by many enzymes + about 50 mM of phosphate esters ...
File
... stored temporarily in molecules like ATP, the energy “currency” utilized by cells. This energy is used to power chemical reactions. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)-an organic energy-storing molecule that consists of three distinct parts: ribose (a 5 carbon sugar), adenine (a nitrogen base), and three p ...
... stored temporarily in molecules like ATP, the energy “currency” utilized by cells. This energy is used to power chemical reactions. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)-an organic energy-storing molecule that consists of three distinct parts: ribose (a 5 carbon sugar), adenine (a nitrogen base), and three p ...
AP Bio Fall Final Study Guide
... Occurs in the mitochondria like structure: Chloroplast. Chloroplast consists of thylakoids where the creation of energy actually takes place. The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 ↔ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy is now reversed in photosynthesis to ...
... Occurs in the mitochondria like structure: Chloroplast. Chloroplast consists of thylakoids where the creation of energy actually takes place. The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 ↔ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy is now reversed in photosynthesis to ...
PDF Datastream - Brown Digital Repository
... Plants such as venous fly traps “eat” insects and other live organisms. However, in laboratories, they can be grown successfully without feeding them live insects. Technically, they are heterotrophic, but can survive as autotrophs. Plants on slide: venous fly trap (left) and California pitcher ...
... Plants such as venous fly traps “eat” insects and other live organisms. However, in laboratories, they can be grown successfully without feeding them live insects. Technically, they are heterotrophic, but can survive as autotrophs. Plants on slide: venous fly trap (left) and California pitcher ...
Chem 150 quiz #6
... 10. Will the coupled reaction using the two reactions below be spontaneous or nonspontaneous? ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi Glucose + Pi ----> Glucose-6-Pi + H2O a. spontaneous ...
... 10. Will the coupled reaction using the two reactions below be spontaneous or nonspontaneous? ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi Glucose + Pi ----> Glucose-6-Pi + H2O a. spontaneous ...
Three-Point Binding Model
... • Once activated, tRNAtyr-OH can bind Step 3: • 3’-OH attacks acyl adenylate • -ve charge increases on O of carbonyl Hbonding stabilizes this charge (more in TS than in SM) • H-bonding (of Gln) is “more important” for TS ...
... • Once activated, tRNAtyr-OH can bind Step 3: • 3’-OH attacks acyl adenylate • -ve charge increases on O of carbonyl Hbonding stabilizes this charge (more in TS than in SM) • H-bonding (of Gln) is “more important” for TS ...
Cell Respiration
... • A group of 3 integral proteins and 2 membrane coenzymes associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane called the electron transport chain (ETC) creates a H+ gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria using the H of from NADH and FADH2 that accumulate in the mito ...
... • A group of 3 integral proteins and 2 membrane coenzymes associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane called the electron transport chain (ETC) creates a H+ gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria using the H of from NADH and FADH2 that accumulate in the mito ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Glycolysis produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation – In which a phosphate group is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP ...
... • Glycolysis produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation – In which a phosphate group is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP ...
Energy in a Cell - Monroe Township School District
... The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction. It is the most important chemical reaction on our planet. ...
... The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction. It is the most important chemical reaction on our planet. ...
Document
... How many ATP molecules are generated in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose consumed? 24) How many carbons are in a glucose molecule? How many carbons are in a pyruvic acid molecule? How many pyruvic acid molecules are produced for every glucose molecule metabolized?_ _ __ 25) The TCA cycle prod ...
... How many ATP molecules are generated in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose consumed? 24) How many carbons are in a glucose molecule? How many carbons are in a pyruvic acid molecule? How many pyruvic acid molecules are produced for every glucose molecule metabolized?_ _ __ 25) The TCA cycle prod ...
cellular respiration quiz review guide
... Define cellular respiration. What is the equation for cellular respiration? In what organelle does cellular respiration occur in? What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? Define glycolysis. Why does glycolysis have to happen? Briefly describe the steps of glycolysis. What are the products of g ...
... Define cellular respiration. What is the equation for cellular respiration? In what organelle does cellular respiration occur in? What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? Define glycolysis. Why does glycolysis have to happen? Briefly describe the steps of glycolysis. What are the products of g ...
Cell Respiration Test
... c. Has zero kinetic energy d. Can do no work 9. Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions? a. The products have more total energy than the reactants b. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy c. The reaction goes only in a forward direction: all reactants will be con ...
... c. Has zero kinetic energy d. Can do no work 9. Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions? a. The products have more total energy than the reactants b. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy c. The reaction goes only in a forward direction: all reactants will be con ...
Citric Acid (or Krebs) Cycle - BYU
... say exactly how many ATP we get. This is because some ATP is used to shuttle molecules in and out of the mitochondria and there is likely some “leaking” that occurs when protons from the intermembranous space accidentally escape by some other way than through the ATP synthase enzyme complex. However ...
... say exactly how many ATP we get. This is because some ATP is used to shuttle molecules in and out of the mitochondria and there is likely some “leaking” that occurs when protons from the intermembranous space accidentally escape by some other way than through the ATP synthase enzyme complex. However ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.