CHAPTER 9
... membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids) and are connected by the transfer of higher free energy electrons through an electron transport chain (ETC). [See also 4.A.2] 3. When electrons are transferred between molecules in a sequence of reactions as they pass through the ETC, an electrochemical gradien ...
... membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids) and are connected by the transfer of higher free energy electrons through an electron transport chain (ETC). [See also 4.A.2] 3. When electrons are transferred between molecules in a sequence of reactions as they pass through the ETC, an electrochemical gradien ...
Chapter 9
... Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction O2 pulls elec ...
... Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction O2 pulls elec ...
Ch 9 Slides - people.iup.edu
... • NADH passes high energy electrons to the electron transport chain • This chain hands off electrons in a series of exergonic steps • Finally they reach O2 which becomes reduced • This is the last stop for the electrons so O2 is called the terminal electron acceptor • The energy given off is used t ...
... • NADH passes high energy electrons to the electron transport chain • This chain hands off electrons in a series of exergonic steps • Finally they reach O2 which becomes reduced • This is the last stop for the electrons so O2 is called the terminal electron acceptor • The energy given off is used t ...
No Slide Title - Kinver High School
... Therefore all three systems work quickly. They are good at supplying energy for different intensities and for different durations of activity. ...
... Therefore all three systems work quickly. They are good at supplying energy for different intensities and for different durations of activity. ...
Who Wants To Be A Biologist?
... FADH2 donates electrons further down the ETC than NADH. This means the ATP yield for every FADH2 is only about 2 ATP, as opposed to 3 ATP per molecule of NADH. ...
... FADH2 donates electrons further down the ETC than NADH. This means the ATP yield for every FADH2 is only about 2 ATP, as opposed to 3 ATP per molecule of NADH. ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Must-Knows: Unit 6 (Enzymes and Cell
... glycolysis and the Krebs / citric acid cycle in which pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA? ...
... glycolysis and the Krebs / citric acid cycle in which pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA? ...
Cellular Respiration
... CoA (2C) to form Citric Acid (6C) - NAD+ and FAD molecules are reduced as they pick up electrons and hydrogens - An enzyme combines a phosphate group with ADP to form ATP - After CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP is released, Oxaloacetate is recycled back into the cycle to combine with another Acetyl CoA - ...
... CoA (2C) to form Citric Acid (6C) - NAD+ and FAD molecules are reduced as they pick up electrons and hydrogens - An enzyme combines a phosphate group with ADP to form ATP - After CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP is released, Oxaloacetate is recycled back into the cycle to combine with another Acetyl CoA - ...
Electron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain)
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) a) can be produced only in a cooperation with the RCH b) can be synthesized only under aerobic conditions c) is formed from ADP by addition of one phosphate d) is transported from a mitochondrion into a cytoplasm by exchange with ADP ...
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) a) can be produced only in a cooperation with the RCH b) can be synthesized only under aerobic conditions c) is formed from ADP by addition of one phosphate d) is transported from a mitochondrion into a cytoplasm by exchange with ADP ...
Cellular Respiration
... Food Molecules • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
... Food Molecules • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
AP Biology
... c. The Krebs cycle 1. This series of reactions gives off CO2 and produces ATP. 2. Produces two immediate ATP molecules per glucose molecule. d. The electron transport system 1. Series of carriers accepts electrons from glucose; electrons are passed from carrier to carrier until received by oxygen. 2 ...
... c. The Krebs cycle 1. This series of reactions gives off CO2 and produces ATP. 2. Produces two immediate ATP molecules per glucose molecule. d. The electron transport system 1. Series of carriers accepts electrons from glucose; electrons are passed from carrier to carrier until received by oxygen. 2 ...
Honors Bio – Key concepts for final
... These electrons can be “fed” into an electron transport chain (a series of molecules that are alternately reduced and oxidized as they pass electrons). o Like electricity, the movement of electrons is transferring energy and that energy is used to attach P to ADP making ATP. Describe the stages of ...
... These electrons can be “fed” into an electron transport chain (a series of molecules that are alternately reduced and oxidized as they pass electrons). o Like electricity, the movement of electrons is transferring energy and that energy is used to attach P to ADP making ATP. Describe the stages of ...
Complex I - ISpatula
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
Complex IV
... FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the electron transport chain, the same thing for the FADH2 moieties of glycerol dehydrogenase, and Fatty acyl Co dehydrogenase transfer their high potential electrons to Q to from QH2, these ...
... FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the electron transport chain, the same thing for the FADH2 moieties of glycerol dehydrogenase, and Fatty acyl Co dehydrogenase transfer their high potential electrons to Q to from QH2, these ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... Electrons drop in free energy as they pass down the electron transport chain. Electrons carried by NADH are transferred to the first molecule in the electron transport chain, a flavoprotein. The electrons continue along the chain that includes several cytochrome proteins and one lipid carrier. ...
... Electrons drop in free energy as they pass down the electron transport chain. Electrons carried by NADH are transferred to the first molecule in the electron transport chain, a flavoprotein. The electrons continue along the chain that includes several cytochrome proteins and one lipid carrier. ...
Lecture 13: Fighting Entropy II: Respiration
... converted to acetyl CoA, generating one molecule of NADH • The cycle then oxidizes acetyl CoA, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per ...
... converted to acetyl CoA, generating one molecule of NADH • The cycle then oxidizes acetyl CoA, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per ...
Cellular Respiration
... The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells. This cycle is also called the Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle. The greatly simplified cycle below starts with pyruvate, which is the end product of ...
... The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells. This cycle is also called the Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle. The greatly simplified cycle below starts with pyruvate, which is the end product of ...
Document
... Glyco = Glucose lysis = Breakdown Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Molecules of glucose are broken down into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate). Cell must use (invest) 2 ATP ...
... Glyco = Glucose lysis = Breakdown Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Molecules of glucose are broken down into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate). Cell must use (invest) 2 ATP ...
Enzymes
... Changes in pH changes protein shape (most human proteins sit at a pH of 6-8) Denaturing=extreme temperature and pH can change enzyme shape, rendering it useless! ...
... Changes in pH changes protein shape (most human proteins sit at a pH of 6-8) Denaturing=extreme temperature and pH can change enzyme shape, rendering it useless! ...
You Light Up My Life
... end up in carbon dioxide - released from cells • Coenzymes are reduced (they pick up electrons and hydrogen) - energized • One molecule of ATP is formed - just one! ...
... end up in carbon dioxide - released from cells • Coenzymes are reduced (they pick up electrons and hydrogen) - energized • One molecule of ATP is formed - just one! ...
Cellular Respiration
... in the lungs there are millions of little air sacs called alveoli that are surrounded by capillaries here the blood drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen this oxygen will be taken directly to the cells when the oxygen gets to the cell, the mitochondria takes it and begins the process of cellu ...
... in the lungs there are millions of little air sacs called alveoli that are surrounded by capillaries here the blood drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen this oxygen will be taken directly to the cells when the oxygen gets to the cell, the mitochondria takes it and begins the process of cellu ...
生物化學小考(一) 範圍ch1~ch4
... (E)Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form because glycolysis does not occur. 9. Which of the following compounds cannot serve as the starting material for the synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis? (A) acetate (B) glycerol (C) lactate (D) oxaloacetate (E) α-ketoglutarate 10. Which of t ...
... (E)Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form because glycolysis does not occur. 9. Which of the following compounds cannot serve as the starting material for the synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis? (A) acetate (B) glycerol (C) lactate (D) oxaloacetate (E) α-ketoglutarate 10. Which of t ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.