Overview of metabolism
... arranged asymmetrically in the inner membrane. • Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH) and an electrical gradient. • The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton- ...
... arranged asymmetrically in the inner membrane. • Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH) and an electrical gradient. • The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton- ...
how cells obtain energy from food
... Glycolysis Is a Central ATP-Producing Pathway The major process for oxidizing sugars is the sequence of reactions known as glycolysis—from the Greek glukus, “sweet,” and lusis, “rupture.” Glycolysis produces ATP without the involvement of molecular oxygen (O2 gas). It occurs in the cytosol of most c ...
... Glycolysis Is a Central ATP-Producing Pathway The major process for oxidizing sugars is the sequence of reactions known as glycolysis—from the Greek glukus, “sweet,” and lusis, “rupture.” Glycolysis produces ATP without the involvement of molecular oxygen (O2 gas). It occurs in the cytosol of most c ...
metabole
... Note: ATP is a ribonucleotide, it has ribose, a nitogenous base (adenine), and phosphate. The high energy bond of the terminal of the three phosphates is the one cyclically broken and regenerated. Sugars like glucose can be broken down in a catabolic pathway controlled by many cellular enzymes. Some ...
... Note: ATP is a ribonucleotide, it has ribose, a nitogenous base (adenine), and phosphate. The high energy bond of the terminal of the three phosphates is the one cyclically broken and regenerated. Sugars like glucose can be broken down in a catabolic pathway controlled by many cellular enzymes. Some ...
CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two different processes, substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. The substrate level phosphorylation produces ATP from ADP and phosphate by association with an exergonic reaction and is the ...
... do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two different processes, substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. The substrate level phosphorylation produces ATP from ADP and phosphate by association with an exergonic reaction and is the ...
Aerobic Metabolism ii: electron transport chain
... bacteria and archaea) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria that produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported into mitochondria. Mitochondria continue the process of catabolism using metabolic pathways including the ...
... bacteria and archaea) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria that produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported into mitochondria. Mitochondria continue the process of catabolism using metabolic pathways including the ...
Aerobic Metabolism ii: electron transport chain
... bacteria and archaea) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria that produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported into mitochondria. Mitochondria continue the process of catabolism using metabolic pathways including the ...
... bacteria and archaea) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria that produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported into mitochondria. Mitochondria continue the process of catabolism using metabolic pathways including the ...
Aerobic respiration - Wesleyan
... In electron transfer phosphorylation, energy released by electrons flowing through electron transfer chains is captured in the attachment of phosphate to ADP; a typical net yield of aerobic respiration is thirty-six ATP per glucose ...
... In electron transfer phosphorylation, energy released by electrons flowing through electron transfer chains is captured in the attachment of phosphate to ADP; a typical net yield of aerobic respiration is thirty-six ATP per glucose ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
You Light Up My Life - Hillsborough Community College
... fatty acids • Glycerol is converted to PGAL, an intermediate of glycolysis • Fatty acids are broken down and converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters Krebs cycle ...
... fatty acids • Glycerol is converted to PGAL, an intermediate of glycolysis • Fatty acids are broken down and converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters Krebs cycle ...
powerpoint
... Ribose sugar component may be converted to ribose-5-phosphate which is a substrate for PRPP Synthetase Ribose sugar component may be further catabolized in HMP pathway ...
... Ribose sugar component may be converted to ribose-5-phosphate which is a substrate for PRPP Synthetase Ribose sugar component may be further catabolized in HMP pathway ...
Objectives Chapter 6 - Mercer County Community College
... 3. Review cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) involving the oxidation of glucose and the reduction of oxygen 4. Discuss redox reactions in which electrons are transferred between reactants (oxidation and reduction) and compare reducing and oxidizing agents 5. Desc ...
... 3. Review cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) involving the oxidation of glucose and the reduction of oxygen 4. Discuss redox reactions in which electrons are transferred between reactants (oxidation and reduction) and compare reducing and oxidizing agents 5. Desc ...
GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS – I: Brief Review of: AEROBIC
... How is ATP produced during Aerobic metabolism? • Pyruvate is the end product of Aerobic Glycolysis, • Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, which then enters the TCA-cycle in the Mitochondria; • Reducing Equivalents from TCA-cycle enters Electron Transport Chain (ETC); • Mitochondria is the power ho ...
... How is ATP produced during Aerobic metabolism? • Pyruvate is the end product of Aerobic Glycolysis, • Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, which then enters the TCA-cycle in the Mitochondria; • Reducing Equivalents from TCA-cycle enters Electron Transport Chain (ETC); • Mitochondria is the power ho ...
Biology1FinalExam I F'04.doc
... 18. Energy stored in ATP is located exactly: a. in the bonds between phosphate groups b. inside the phosphate group c. in the free electron d. attached to the nucleotide e. between the sugar and the phosphate 19. NAD+ and NADP+ are examples of: a. electron carriers. b. oxidizing compounds. c. photos ...
... 18. Energy stored in ATP is located exactly: a. in the bonds between phosphate groups b. inside the phosphate group c. in the free electron d. attached to the nucleotide e. between the sugar and the phosphate 19. NAD+ and NADP+ are examples of: a. electron carriers. b. oxidizing compounds. c. photos ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 15: Gluconeogenesis
... side, but glucose product is released on the outside of the cell. This means that glucose is exported from the cell that makes it. Glucose-6-phosphatase is primarily an enzyme of the liver and kidneys, which routinely export glucose to maintain the blood glucose level. Muscles lack glucose-6-phospha ...
... side, but glucose product is released on the outside of the cell. This means that glucose is exported from the cell that makes it. Glucose-6-phosphatase is primarily an enzyme of the liver and kidneys, which routinely export glucose to maintain the blood glucose level. Muscles lack glucose-6-phospha ...
glycolysis and respiration
... Anabolism - the chemical reactions that form larger molecules from smaller molecules. It is usually an endergonic process. Autotroph - an organism that obtains its energy from sunlight or inorganic chemicals. Plants, photosynthetic protists, and photosynthetic prokaryotes are autotrophs. Heterotroph ...
... Anabolism - the chemical reactions that form larger molecules from smaller molecules. It is usually an endergonic process. Autotroph - an organism that obtains its energy from sunlight or inorganic chemicals. Plants, photosynthetic protists, and photosynthetic prokaryotes are autotrophs. Heterotroph ...
Introduction - Cedar Crest College
... Glycolysis can be divided into two stages: energy-investing reactions that use ATP, and energy-harvesting reactions that produce ATP. (See Figure 7.6.) ...
... Glycolysis can be divided into two stages: energy-investing reactions that use ATP, and energy-harvesting reactions that produce ATP. (See Figure 7.6.) ...
L11v01a_oxy_phos_part_1.stamped_doc
... [00:03:39.55] In both cases, the high-energy electrons are used to pump protons across an inner membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient of protons, which can then be used primarily to drive ATP synthesis, but can be used for other processes in some organisms as well. [00:04:00.47] The term c ...
... [00:03:39.55] In both cases, the high-energy electrons are used to pump protons across an inner membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient of protons, which can then be used primarily to drive ATP synthesis, but can be used for other processes in some organisms as well. [00:04:00.47] The term c ...
Introduction - Evergreen State College Archives
... Glycolysis can be divided into two stages: energy-investing reactions that use ATP, and energy-harvesting reactions that produce ATP. (See Figure 7.6.) ...
... Glycolysis can be divided into two stages: energy-investing reactions that use ATP, and energy-harvesting reactions that produce ATP. (See Figure 7.6.) ...
Microbiology bio 123
... 2. Intermediate Reaction: Pyruvic acid gets changed to acetyl CoA 3. Krebs Cycle/TCA/Citric acid cycle: Produces CO2, two ATP, H which is picked up by NAD making NADH, releases a second H which is bound to FAD to make FADH2. 4. Electron Transport - Produces 34 ATP molecules. It is when oxidative pho ...
... 2. Intermediate Reaction: Pyruvic acid gets changed to acetyl CoA 3. Krebs Cycle/TCA/Citric acid cycle: Produces CO2, two ATP, H which is picked up by NAD making NADH, releases a second H which is bound to FAD to make FADH2. 4. Electron Transport - Produces 34 ATP molecules. It is when oxidative pho ...
Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis
... Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. oxygen B. sugar C. NADPH D. ATP E. All of the above are products of the light reactions ...
... Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. oxygen B. sugar C. NADPH D. ATP E. All of the above are products of the light reactions ...
File - Down the Rabbit Hole
... Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cellular Respiration Power Point
... Animal Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are ...
... Animal Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 9 “Krebs Cycle”
... pyruvate + NAD+ + coenzyme A ----> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (1) pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion (2) pyruvate is oxidized to a 2 C compound (acetate) with loss of CO2 (3) the acetate is linked to coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA (4) NAD+ is reduced in the reaction to form NADH + H+ F ...
... pyruvate + NAD+ + coenzyme A ----> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (1) pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion (2) pyruvate is oxidized to a 2 C compound (acetate) with loss of CO2 (3) the acetate is linked to coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA (4) NAD+ is reduced in the reaction to form NADH + H+ F ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.