Cellular Respiration
... Review of mitochondrial structure and function Outer mitochondrial membrane ...
... Review of mitochondrial structure and function Outer mitochondrial membrane ...
Note 17 - South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
... Glucose ethanol (alcohol) + carbon dioxide (energy is released as heat and for phosphorylation) Accumulation of ethanol (alcohol) can kill the living organisms. Lactic acid fermentation – takes place in skeletal muscle of man / mammal and some bacteria Heavy exercise increases the energy demand ...
... Glucose ethanol (alcohol) + carbon dioxide (energy is released as heat and for phosphorylation) Accumulation of ethanol (alcohol) can kill the living organisms. Lactic acid fermentation – takes place in skeletal muscle of man / mammal and some bacteria Heavy exercise increases the energy demand ...
Study Guide for Lecture Examination 3
... The citric acid cycle receives acetyl (a two-‐carbon compound) and combines it with oxaloacetate (a four-‐carbon compound) to produce citrate (a six-‐ carbon compound). This six carbon compound is then broken ...
... The citric acid cycle receives acetyl (a two-‐carbon compound) and combines it with oxaloacetate (a four-‐carbon compound) to produce citrate (a six-‐ carbon compound). This six carbon compound is then broken ...
Nutrition and Metabolism (Chap 4)
... Several pathways by which a cell can break down a sugar (sugars are the major substrates of catabolic energy releasing reactions used in heterotrophic metabolism). Glycolytic pathways are typically anoxic processes that do not require oxygen ...
... Several pathways by which a cell can break down a sugar (sugars are the major substrates of catabolic energy releasing reactions used in heterotrophic metabolism). Glycolytic pathways are typically anoxic processes that do not require oxygen ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Several pathways by which a cell can break down a sugar (sugars are the major substrates of catabolic energy releasing reactions used in heterotrophic metabolism). • Glycolytic pathways are typically anoxic processes that do not require oxygen ...
... • Several pathways by which a cell can break down a sugar (sugars are the major substrates of catabolic energy releasing reactions used in heterotrophic metabolism). • Glycolytic pathways are typically anoxic processes that do not require oxygen ...
- Free Documents
... accomplished by a branching enzyme, which transfers a segment about seven residues in length from the end of a growing chain to a branch point and catalyzes the formation of glycosidic linkage. GLUCOSE METABOLISM GLYCOLYSIS Glucose metabolism is primarily for the production of energy in the form of ...
... accomplished by a branching enzyme, which transfers a segment about seven residues in length from the end of a growing chain to a branch point and catalyzes the formation of glycosidic linkage. GLUCOSE METABOLISM GLYCOLYSIS Glucose metabolism is primarily for the production of energy in the form of ...
1 All cells can harvest energy from organic molecules. To do this
... 4th Stage - Oxidative Phosphorylation: NADH and FADH2 (produced during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle) donate high energy electrons to an electron transport chain As the electrons are passed along the ETC, their energy is used to make ATP by chemiosmosis At the end of the ET ...
... 4th Stage - Oxidative Phosphorylation: NADH and FADH2 (produced during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle) donate high energy electrons to an electron transport chain As the electrons are passed along the ETC, their energy is used to make ATP by chemiosmosis At the end of the ET ...
BIO 212 SI Kukday--Energetics (2) Review 2/7
... Krebs Cycle ______ b. Use positive allosteric iv. Aerobic Respiration ______ regulation to enable enzymatic v. Allosteric Regulation ______ activity vi. Electron Transport Chain ___ c. O2 vii. The final electron acceptor__ d. Use negative feedback to viii. Anaerobic Respiration ____ slow/stop enzyma ...
... Krebs Cycle ______ b. Use positive allosteric iv. Aerobic Respiration ______ regulation to enable enzymatic v. Allosteric Regulation ______ activity vi. Electron Transport Chain ___ c. O2 vii. The final electron acceptor__ d. Use negative feedback to viii. Anaerobic Respiration ____ slow/stop enzyma ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are th ...
... It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are th ...
Document
... Coupling of Electron Transport with ATP Synthesis Electron transport is tightly coupled to phosphorylation. ATP can not be synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation unless there is energy from electron transport. Electrons do not flow through the electron-transport chain to O2 unless ADP is phosphory ...
... Coupling of Electron Transport with ATP Synthesis Electron transport is tightly coupled to phosphorylation. ATP can not be synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation unless there is energy from electron transport. Electrons do not flow through the electron-transport chain to O2 unless ADP is phosphory ...
Carbohydrate
... series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate . During the sequential reactions of glycolysis, some of the free energy released from glucose is conserved in the form of ATP and NADH. ...
... series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate . During the sequential reactions of glycolysis, some of the free energy released from glucose is conserved in the form of ATP and NADH. ...
respiration - Sakshieducation.com
... When the energy rich H+ are transferred through this particles, the energy rotates F1 (smallest rotatory machine in the universe) part. This rotating F1 particle helps in combining ADP and Pi to form ATP. ...
... When the energy rich H+ are transferred through this particles, the energy rotates F1 (smallest rotatory machine in the universe) part. This rotating F1 particle helps in combining ADP and Pi to form ATP. ...
Biological Pathways II: Metabolic Pathways
... hydrolyzed to ADP & Pi, or ATP to AMP & PPi ATP + H2O ADP + Pi ...
... hydrolyzed to ADP & Pi, or ATP to AMP & PPi ATP + H2O ADP + Pi ...
Cell Metabolism
... Products of Glycolysis include: 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid 2 molecules of ATP (net gain): (4 ATP are produced, but phase 1 consumes 2 ATP, so there’s a net gain of just 2 ATP) 2 molecules of NADH (each NADH is worth 3 ATP in the ETC) ...
... Products of Glycolysis include: 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid 2 molecules of ATP (net gain): (4 ATP are produced, but phase 1 consumes 2 ATP, so there’s a net gain of just 2 ATP) 2 molecules of NADH (each NADH is worth 3 ATP in the ETC) ...
1 22,25 October 2004 Physiology of Locomotion R. B. Huey I. Some
... 4. If O2 supplies sufficient, the reaction via Krebs cycle (aerobic) is favored. But if O2 supplies are not sufficient, pyruvate is instead converted to lactic acid (anaerobic). So which pathway is used depends on O2 supply. E. ATP used at the very beginning of activity is supplied from "phosphagens ...
... 4. If O2 supplies sufficient, the reaction via Krebs cycle (aerobic) is favored. But if O2 supplies are not sufficient, pyruvate is instead converted to lactic acid (anaerobic). So which pathway is used depends on O2 supply. E. ATP used at the very beginning of activity is supplied from "phosphagens ...
Cellular Respiration Notes
... In this cycle, discovered by Hans Krebs, the pyruvic acid molecules are converted to CO2, and two more ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose. First, each 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecule has a CO2 broken off and the other two carbons are transferred to a molecule called acetyl coenzyme A, ...
... In this cycle, discovered by Hans Krebs, the pyruvic acid molecules are converted to CO2, and two more ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose. First, each 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecule has a CO2 broken off and the other two carbons are transferred to a molecule called acetyl coenzyme A, ...
Template to create a scientific poster
... calorimetry revealed that the I480N mutant differs significantly in its affinity for ADP, ATP, and peptide substrate. This mutant also displayed significant different reaction entropy as compared to the WT HSPA1A (N=4; bars= S.D.; p values are the results of a student’s t-test). The S16Y mutant diff ...
... calorimetry revealed that the I480N mutant differs significantly in its affinity for ADP, ATP, and peptide substrate. This mutant also displayed significant different reaction entropy as compared to the WT HSPA1A (N=4; bars= S.D.; p values are the results of a student’s t-test). The S16Y mutant diff ...
MATTER INTO ENERGY ENERGY INTO MATTER - TJ
... • Chemical Bonds- Forces that hold atoms or elements together in a predictable way. Forces that store energy in molecules. • Exothermic Reaction- Chemical reactions that release heat due the rearranging of molecules. • Endothermic Reaction- Chemical reactions that absorb heat due to the rearranging ...
... • Chemical Bonds- Forces that hold atoms or elements together in a predictable way. Forces that store energy in molecules. • Exothermic Reaction- Chemical reactions that release heat due the rearranging of molecules. • Endothermic Reaction- Chemical reactions that absorb heat due to the rearranging ...
Slide 1
... – Pay-off phase!! (Get 28 ATPs) – Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are deposited into ETC to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. – Each NADH = 2.5 ATPs (x10 = 25 ATP) – Each FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs (x2 = 3 ATP) ...
... – Pay-off phase!! (Get 28 ATPs) – Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are deposited into ETC to generate ATP by chemiosmosis. – Each NADH = 2.5 ATPs (x10 = 25 ATP) – Each FADH2 = 1.5 ATPs (x2 = 3 ATP) ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.