1 - MSU Billings
... A. the substrate binds to a site other than the active site B. the cell regulates the synthesis of one enzyme in a metabolic pathway C. a molecule other than the substrate binds to the active site blocking the binding of the substrate D. the enzyme is denatured E. enzymes are produced in an inactive ...
... A. the substrate binds to a site other than the active site B. the cell regulates the synthesis of one enzyme in a metabolic pathway C. a molecule other than the substrate binds to the active site blocking the binding of the substrate D. the enzyme is denatured E. enzymes are produced in an inactive ...
Document
... a. High levels of glucose-6-phosphate inhibit hexokinase, which stops the addition of a phosphate group to glucose in reaction 1. b. Phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is inhibited by high levels of ATP, and activated by high levels of ADP and AMP. c. Hi ...
... a. High levels of glucose-6-phosphate inhibit hexokinase, which stops the addition of a phosphate group to glucose in reaction 1. b. Phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is inhibited by high levels of ATP, and activated by high levels of ADP and AMP. c. Hi ...
ppt
... a. Information Storage - these nucleic acids are recipes for proteins... the linear sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules determines the linear sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a protein. ...
... a. Information Storage - these nucleic acids are recipes for proteins... the linear sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules determines the linear sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a protein. ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Gluconeogenesis and starch/glycogen synthesis • In animals, lactate formed anaerobically in muscles is converted to glucose in liver and kidney and stored as glycogen or released as blood glucose. • In plants, G3P product of photosynthesis is converted to starch and stored in chloroplasts or conver ...
... Gluconeogenesis and starch/glycogen synthesis • In animals, lactate formed anaerobically in muscles is converted to glucose in liver and kidney and stored as glycogen or released as blood glucose. • In plants, G3P product of photosynthesis is converted to starch and stored in chloroplasts or conver ...
video slide
... funnel electrons into cellular respiration wide range of carbohydrates amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle fats -- glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
... funnel electrons into cellular respiration wide range of carbohydrates amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle fats -- glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
continued
... protein share some common pathways. Note that all are reduced to acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. ...
... protein share some common pathways. Note that all are reduced to acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. ...
LAB 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration INTRODUCTION
... endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that may be. The food we eat is first digested by enzymes as you learned in the previous lab. Once the polymers in your food (e.g., polysaccharides, triglycerides, protein) have been broken dow ...
... endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that may be. The food we eat is first digested by enzymes as you learned in the previous lab. Once the polymers in your food (e.g., polysaccharides, triglycerides, protein) have been broken dow ...
Lecture 27
... Pathways synthesizing IMP, ATP and GTP are individually regulated in most cells. Control total purines and also relative amounts of ATP and GTP. IMP pathway regulated at 1st 2 reactions (PRPP and 5-phosphoribosylamine) Ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinse- is inhibited by ADP and GDP Amidophosphoribosy ...
... Pathways synthesizing IMP, ATP and GTP are individually regulated in most cells. Control total purines and also relative amounts of ATP and GTP. IMP pathway regulated at 1st 2 reactions (PRPP and 5-phosphoribosylamine) Ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinse- is inhibited by ADP and GDP Amidophosphoribosy ...
bottom-up-methodology
... # NOTE: You should implement CMP & CDP salvage after building ribonucleic acids # This is because direct production of CTP does not include rephosphorylation # of CMP to CDP and then CTP, but this is necessary to recycle from e.g. # CDP-diacylglycerol. # GTP is produced from IMP and requires ATP GTP ...
... # NOTE: You should implement CMP & CDP salvage after building ribonucleic acids # This is because direct production of CTP does not include rephosphorylation # of CMP to CDP and then CTP, but this is necessary to recycle from e.g. # CDP-diacylglycerol. # GTP is produced from IMP and requires ATP GTP ...
Answers - U of L Class Index
... a. The coenzymes that precede the blocked site remain in their reduced forms. b. The coenzymes that follow the blocked site remain in their oxidized forms. ...
... a. The coenzymes that precede the blocked site remain in their reduced forms. b. The coenzymes that follow the blocked site remain in their oxidized forms. ...
Lecture Notes
... 3. Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose molecule 4. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose molecule is a. b. c. E. 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation 1. Oxidative phosphoryl ...
... 3. Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose molecule 4. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose molecule is a. b. c. E. 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation 1. Oxidative phosphoryl ...
Document
... Cell Respiration - series cytoplasmic & mitochondrial - linked enzymatic pathways - stepwise OXIDATION food molecules- makes ATP physiological view: uptake of O2 & release of CO2 biochemical view: O2 consumption, CO2 production ...
... Cell Respiration - series cytoplasmic & mitochondrial - linked enzymatic pathways - stepwise OXIDATION food molecules- makes ATP physiological view: uptake of O2 & release of CO2 biochemical view: O2 consumption, CO2 production ...
Document
... the ETC. The energy released creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The protons flow down this concentration gradient back across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP Synthase Enzyme. This driving force makes this enzyme rotate, and this conformational change ...
... the ETC. The energy released creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The protons flow down this concentration gradient back across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP Synthase Enzyme. This driving force makes this enzyme rotate, and this conformational change ...
Workbook File
... of glucose from the blood. Insulin causes the cells to uptake glucose during periods of no exercise. Exercise lowers the concentration of insulin in the blood and reduces its function in glucose transport. Both insulin and muscle contraction stimulate glucose uptake from the blood into skeletal musc ...
... of glucose from the blood. Insulin causes the cells to uptake glucose during periods of no exercise. Exercise lowers the concentration of insulin in the blood and reduces its function in glucose transport. Both insulin and muscle contraction stimulate glucose uptake from the blood into skeletal musc ...
Medical Microbiology Lecture 5 Third class/ Dentistry College The
... The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6bisphosphate aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two halves, each with a phosphate group. One of the products, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, is converted directly to pyruvate in a five-step process. a ...
... The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6bisphosphate aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two halves, each with a phosphate group. One of the products, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, is converted directly to pyruvate in a five-step process. a ...
ATP/NADH Ledger
... There are different catabolic pathways used in ATP production: • Fermentation - the partial degradation of sugars in the absence of oxygen. • Cellular respiration - A more efficient and ...
... There are different catabolic pathways used in ATP production: • Fermentation - the partial degradation of sugars in the absence of oxygen. • Cellular respiration - A more efficient and ...
Metabolism: the chemical reactions of a cell
... • Conditions that disrupt the 3D shape (‘denature”) – Acidic, alkaline, high salt, high temperature, etc. – These conditions thus affect growth of cell also. • Inhibitory molecules affect enzymes – Covalent: bind to enzyme permanently ...
... • Conditions that disrupt the 3D shape (‘denature”) – Acidic, alkaline, high salt, high temperature, etc. – These conditions thus affect growth of cell also. • Inhibitory molecules affect enzymes – Covalent: bind to enzyme permanently ...
You Light Up My Life
... • All of the carbon molecules in pyruvate end up in carbon dioxide • Coenzymes are reduced (they pick up electrons and hydrogen) • One molecule of ATP is formed ...
... • All of the carbon molecules in pyruvate end up in carbon dioxide • Coenzymes are reduced (they pick up electrons and hydrogen) • One molecule of ATP is formed ...
FALSE degradation also needs to be considered. A change in
... a. Why would gluconeogenesis from alanine require increased transport of malate across the mitochondrial membrane, whereas gluconeogenesis from lactate would not. The conversion of lactate to pyruvate in the cytosol generates an NADH molecule from NAD.. If alanine is transaminated in the mitochondri ...
... a. Why would gluconeogenesis from alanine require increased transport of malate across the mitochondrial membrane, whereas gluconeogenesis from lactate would not. The conversion of lactate to pyruvate in the cytosol generates an NADH molecule from NAD.. If alanine is transaminated in the mitochondri ...
Metabolism
... Glucose Catabolism • Also known as cellular respiration • Yields CO2, H2O and energy • Four general steps in process – Glycolysis – Formation of Acetyl CoA – Krebs cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • Breakdown of 6-C molecule (glucose) to two 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid) • In most cells fi ...
... Glucose Catabolism • Also known as cellular respiration • Yields CO2, H2O and energy • Four general steps in process – Glycolysis – Formation of Acetyl CoA – Krebs cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • Breakdown of 6-C molecule (glucose) to two 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid) • In most cells fi ...
GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS – I: AEROBIC METABOLISM
... School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Discipline of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, M Med Part – I VJ Temple ...
... School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Discipline of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, M Med Part – I VJ Temple ...
Cellular metabolism
... production of ATP by ATP synthase. •The NADH generated by glycolysis in the cytosol also passes electrons to the respiratory chain. •NADH cannot pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane •the electron transfer from cytosolic NADH must be accomplished indirectly •done by means of one of several “s ...
... production of ATP by ATP synthase. •The NADH generated by glycolysis in the cytosol also passes electrons to the respiratory chain. •NADH cannot pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane •the electron transfer from cytosolic NADH must be accomplished indirectly •done by means of one of several “s ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.