Bioenergetics
... • Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, Pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters the Krebs cycle ...
... • Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, Pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters the Krebs cycle ...
Advanced Biology
... basis of completeness, accuracy, effort, and mechanics (spelling, punctuation, and grammar do count!) Be sure to read each question carefully and answer it fully. Your answers should be written neatly or typed. No credit will be awarded for answers that quote from the textbook or other sources, or a ...
... basis of completeness, accuracy, effort, and mechanics (spelling, punctuation, and grammar do count!) Be sure to read each question carefully and answer it fully. Your answers should be written neatly or typed. No credit will be awarded for answers that quote from the textbook or other sources, or a ...
biochemistry - living environment
... The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? Why do we have to eat? ...
... The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? Why do we have to eat? ...
The process of beta oxidation is named after the carbon atom in the
... 8CH3-CO-S-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+ The completion of the degradation process (coenzyme oxidation) requires the citric acid cycle which yields an additional 96 mols of ATP for all 8 acetyl-CoA units oxidized in the process. The total energy yield of palmitic acid oxidation results ...
... 8CH3-CO-S-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+ The completion of the degradation process (coenzyme oxidation) requires the citric acid cycle which yields an additional 96 mols of ATP for all 8 acetyl-CoA units oxidized in the process. The total energy yield of palmitic acid oxidation results ...
study guide section 3-1 carbon compounds
... a. the R groups of the amino acids they contain. b. the amino groups of the amino acids they contain. c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain. d. whether or not they contain any amino acids. 3. ______ Most enzymes a. are changed by the reactions they catalyze. b. increase that activat ...
... a. the R groups of the amino acids they contain. b. the amino groups of the amino acids they contain. c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain. d. whether or not they contain any amino acids. 3. ______ Most enzymes a. are changed by the reactions they catalyze. b. increase that activat ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... uses electrons harvested in aerobic respiration to pump a large number of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Their subsequent reentry in to the mitochondrial matrix drives the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis. The chemiosmotic model suggests that one ATP molecule is generated for each ...
... uses electrons harvested in aerobic respiration to pump a large number of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Their subsequent reentry in to the mitochondrial matrix drives the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis. The chemiosmotic model suggests that one ATP molecule is generated for each ...
Practice Lecture Exam 2
... 8. Energy is the capacity to perform work. _______ energy is the energy of motion; _______is stored energy. A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Mo ...
... 8. Energy is the capacity to perform work. _______ energy is the energy of motion; _______is stored energy. A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Mo ...
SADDLEBACK COLLEGE BIOLOGY 20 EXAMINATION 2 STUDY
... • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • Cellular respiration (Chapter 6): understand why we need O2 and why we exhale CO2 • Aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism • glycolysis – runs with or without oxygen. where does it take place, what goes in and what com ...
... • know the factors that influence enzymatic activity including feedback regulation • Cellular respiration (Chapter 6): understand why we need O2 and why we exhale CO2 • Aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism • glycolysis – runs with or without oxygen. where does it take place, what goes in and what com ...
Energy Systems - Mrs N Benedict
... glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid. Two molecules of ATP are formed and lactic acid is the by product. This system takes place in the sarcoplasm. ...
... glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid. Two molecules of ATP are formed and lactic acid is the by product. This system takes place in the sarcoplasm. ...
BIO 315 Exam I (F2014)
... rush into the cell until the membrane undergoes a full depolarization to +50 mV. This change in membrane potential then stimulates voltage-gated K+ channels to open, allowing K+ to now flow out of the cell. This brings about a repolarization of the membrane to near its resting membrane potential. 2) ...
... rush into the cell until the membrane undergoes a full depolarization to +50 mV. This change in membrane potential then stimulates voltage-gated K+ channels to open, allowing K+ to now flow out of the cell. This brings about a repolarization of the membrane to near its resting membrane potential. 2) ...
Glycolysis
... What do we need to accomplish the oxidation of pyruvate? • NAD+ and FAD+; each can carry 2 e• oxygen; needs 2 e- to fill outer valence shell of electrons ...
... What do we need to accomplish the oxidation of pyruvate? • NAD+ and FAD+; each can carry 2 e• oxygen; needs 2 e- to fill outer valence shell of electrons ...
glyoxylate cycle
... In animals, lactate formed anaerobically in muscles is converted to glucose in liver and kidney and stored as glycogen or released as blood glucose. In plants, G3P product of photosynthesis is converted to starch and stored in chloroplasts or converted to glucose and sucrose and exported to othe ...
... In animals, lactate formed anaerobically in muscles is converted to glucose in liver and kidney and stored as glycogen or released as blood glucose. In plants, G3P product of photosynthesis is converted to starch and stored in chloroplasts or converted to glucose and sucrose and exported to othe ...
I. ATP is Universal
... 4. After NADH and FADH2 pick up their high-energy e-, which they carry to an electron transport chain. 5. Energy is then captured via the transport chain and used for ATP synthesis. G. The gradual removal of hydrogen atoms from glucose requires many steps. H. The cell oxidizes glucose slowly allowin ...
... 4. After NADH and FADH2 pick up their high-energy e-, which they carry to an electron transport chain. 5. Energy is then captured via the transport chain and used for ATP synthesis. G. The gradual removal of hydrogen atoms from glucose requires many steps. H. The cell oxidizes glucose slowly allowin ...
Robert Jones
... Autoradiography with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (Bgt) and 3H-methyllycaconitine were used to map the general distribution of alpha7 nAChR within the rat PFC. AlexaFluor 488-conjugated Bgt in conjunction with other neuronal markers provided further analysis of regions of interest at higher magnificatio ...
... Autoradiography with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (Bgt) and 3H-methyllycaconitine were used to map the general distribution of alpha7 nAChR within the rat PFC. AlexaFluor 488-conjugated Bgt in conjunction with other neuronal markers provided further analysis of regions of interest at higher magnificatio ...
Photosynthetic Reactions
... another Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate to continue the cycle. This cycle is powered by the NADPH and ATP that were synthesized in the light dependent reactions. These processes usually occur simultaneously and the enzymes in both reactions are sensitive to fluctuations in molecular concentrations of each ...
... another Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate to continue the cycle. This cycle is powered by the NADPH and ATP that were synthesized in the light dependent reactions. These processes usually occur simultaneously and the enzymes in both reactions are sensitive to fluctuations in molecular concentrations of each ...
Practice Test for BIO 311C
... D) The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water. E) RuBP is produced during cyclic electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis. 76) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA B) the c ...
... D) The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water. E) RuBP is produced during cyclic electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis. 76) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA B) the c ...
Glycolysis 1
... Three key features of stage 3 reactions need to be pointed out : 1. two substrate level phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by the enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase generate a total of 4ATPs (net yield of 2ATP) in stage 2 of glycolysis. 2. an oxidation reaction catalyzed by glycera ...
... Three key features of stage 3 reactions need to be pointed out : 1. two substrate level phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by the enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase generate a total of 4ATPs (net yield of 2ATP) in stage 2 of glycolysis. 2. an oxidation reaction catalyzed by glycera ...
Cellular Respiration
... of electron carrying proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • These proteins transfer electrons from one to another, down the chain. • These electrons are added, along with some of the H+ protons, to oxygen, which is the final electron acceptor. This produces water. • The rest of the H+ ...
... of electron carrying proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • These proteins transfer electrons from one to another, down the chain. • These electrons are added, along with some of the H+ protons, to oxygen, which is the final electron acceptor. This produces water. • The rest of the H+ ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathedral High School
... Substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Substrate-level phosphorylation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
File
... 1. Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds. 2. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid. 3. Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic pathway in which pyruvic acid is conver ...
... 1. Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds. 2. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid. 3. Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic pathway in which pyruvic acid is conver ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.