Dynamics of transcription and mRNA export
... kinetic analyses at the single gene level will resolve these issues. To follow the activity of specific genes in single living cells, cell lines have been generated where a particular gene is integrated as multiple tandem repeats in the genome (Figure 1) and can be visualized either using the lac op ...
... kinetic analyses at the single gene level will resolve these issues. To follow the activity of specific genes in single living cells, cell lines have been generated where a particular gene is integrated as multiple tandem repeats in the genome (Figure 1) and can be visualized either using the lac op ...
5 end
... Every 3 DNA nucleotides represent a triplet, which your ribosomes read like a word. Each 3-letter “word” on the DNA codes for a specific ...
... Every 3 DNA nucleotides represent a triplet, which your ribosomes read like a word. Each 3-letter “word” on the DNA codes for a specific ...
Exam 3
... units in your answer in order to receive full credit. B) What type of inhibitor is exhibited? C) A different inhibitor is known to act in a competitive fashion and when added at a concentration of 1mM causes the effective Km of the enzyme to increase to 25 µM. Sketch the double reciprocal plot showi ...
... units in your answer in order to receive full credit. B) What type of inhibitor is exhibited? C) A different inhibitor is known to act in a competitive fashion and when added at a concentration of 1mM causes the effective Km of the enzyme to increase to 25 µM. Sketch the double reciprocal plot showi ...
The complete nucleotide sequence of cucumber green mottle
... protein gene and the 3' non-coding region. The genome organization of CGMMV-SH was compared to three other sequenced tobamoviruses, TMV vulgare (Goelet et al., 1982), TMV-L (Ohno et al., 1984) and tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV, TMV-U2) (Solis & Garcia-Arenal, 1990) (Fig. 2), The genome of C ...
... protein gene and the 3' non-coding region. The genome organization of CGMMV-SH was compared to three other sequenced tobamoviruses, TMV vulgare (Goelet et al., 1982), TMV-L (Ohno et al., 1984) and tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV, TMV-U2) (Solis & Garcia-Arenal, 1990) (Fig. 2), The genome of C ...
DNA Polymerases
... Taq makes many errors and transcription stops, thus, no long PCR products can be made with Taq. Adding 1/10 of a proof-reading polymerase, like Pfu polymerase, to Taq allows the amplification of long PCR products. TaqPlus is a commercial such mixture for long PCR. A pure proofreading polymerase like ...
... Taq makes many errors and transcription stops, thus, no long PCR products can be made with Taq. Adding 1/10 of a proof-reading polymerase, like Pfu polymerase, to Taq allows the amplification of long PCR products. TaqPlus is a commercial such mixture for long PCR. A pure proofreading polymerase like ...
TALKING POINT The puzzling origin of the genetic
... to re-evaluate our beliefs. That Crick's adaptor was later identified as transfer RNA (tRNA) does not rule out a primordial origin based on the stereochemical hypothesis. ...
... to re-evaluate our beliefs. That Crick's adaptor was later identified as transfer RNA (tRNA) does not rule out a primordial origin based on the stereochemical hypothesis. ...
CHAPTER 16: ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
... 16.18 DNA replication is the process in which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA. 16.19 Most cells in the human body contain 46 chromosomes, of which 44 are autosomal chromosomes and two are sex chromosomes. 16.20 Building DNA, like all anabolic processes, requires energy. The cell gets the energ ...
... 16.18 DNA replication is the process in which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA. 16.19 Most cells in the human body contain 46 chromosomes, of which 44 are autosomal chromosomes and two are sex chromosomes. 16.20 Building DNA, like all anabolic processes, requires energy. The cell gets the energ ...
Protein Synthesis ppt
... What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? 4. Amino Acids (AAs) Building blocks of proteins (20 AAs exist) Protein = AA chain = polypeptide chain ORDER MATTERS! AA order determines f(x) of protein ?s 8-12 ...
... What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? 4. Amino Acids (AAs) Building blocks of proteins (20 AAs exist) Protein = AA chain = polypeptide chain ORDER MATTERS! AA order determines f(x) of protein ?s 8-12 ...
Ribosome binding site Polysomes （多聚核糖体）
... The protein synthesis elongation cycle in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is quite similar. The factors EF-Tu EF-Ts EF-G have direct eukaryotic equivalents called eEF1α eEF1βγ eEF2 ...
... The protein synthesis elongation cycle in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is quite similar. The factors EF-Tu EF-Ts EF-G have direct eukaryotic equivalents called eEF1α eEF1βγ eEF2 ...
SuperScript™ III Platinum® One-Step Quantitative RT
... The SuperScript™ III Platinum® One-Step Quantitative RT-PCR System is a one-step, quantitative real-time RT-PCR system for the sensitive and reproducible detection and quantification of RNA using real-time detection instruments. This system combines the high-temperature reverse transcription capabil ...
... The SuperScript™ III Platinum® One-Step Quantitative RT-PCR System is a one-step, quantitative real-time RT-PCR system for the sensitive and reproducible detection and quantification of RNA using real-time detection instruments. This system combines the high-temperature reverse transcription capabil ...
E NEWS -
... The scientists first encountered this antibacterial gene, a GH25-muramidase, in a bacteriophage virus that attacks Wolbachia, a bacterial parasite that infects insects and other invertebrates worldwide. It is a member of a family of enzymes that are common in bacteria, which use them to remodel thei ...
... The scientists first encountered this antibacterial gene, a GH25-muramidase, in a bacteriophage virus that attacks Wolbachia, a bacterial parasite that infects insects and other invertebrates worldwide. It is a member of a family of enzymes that are common in bacteria, which use them to remodel thei ...
Nucleic Acids and Proteins
... replaces it with DNA. A nick is left where two nucleotides are still unconnected. 8. DNA ligase seals up the nick by making another sugar-phosphate bond (joins up the bits of DNA to strand) Some important points to note are as follows: During replication each new unit added to the growing DNA poly ...
... replaces it with DNA. A nick is left where two nucleotides are still unconnected. 8. DNA ligase seals up the nick by making another sugar-phosphate bond (joins up the bits of DNA to strand) Some important points to note are as follows: During replication each new unit added to the growing DNA poly ...
rNAi Biotechnology: Pros and Cons for Crop Improvement
... What exactly is RNAi? It stands for “RNA interference” and it refers to a set of related processes in which small regulatory RNAs direct sequence-specific repression of gene expression . RNAi pathways are evolutionarily ancient and various versions of these processes are found in virtually all eukar ...
... What exactly is RNAi? It stands for “RNA interference” and it refers to a set of related processes in which small regulatory RNAs direct sequence-specific repression of gene expression . RNAi pathways are evolutionarily ancient and various versions of these processes are found in virtually all eukar ...
first of Chapter 11: Gene Regulation
... lac operon model • 2 kinds of genes: structural, regulatory elements. • Polycistronic structural genes, with promoter and operator constitute the lac operon. • Promoter mutants make no lac mRNA. • lacI gene makes a repressor, which binds to the operator. • When operator is ‘repressed’ no transcript ...
... lac operon model • 2 kinds of genes: structural, regulatory elements. • Polycistronic structural genes, with promoter and operator constitute the lac operon. • Promoter mutants make no lac mRNA. • lacI gene makes a repressor, which binds to the operator. • When operator is ‘repressed’ no transcript ...
Transcription Factors (from Wray et al Mol Biol Evol 20:1377)
... Figure 3. Intron Distribution within the bHLH Domains of the AtbHLH Proteins. Scheme of the intron distribution patterns (color coded and designated A to I) within the bHLH domains of the AtbHLH proteins. Introns are indicated by triangles and numbered (1 to 3) based on those present in the bHLH reg ...
... Figure 3. Intron Distribution within the bHLH Domains of the AtbHLH Proteins. Scheme of the intron distribution patterns (color coded and designated A to I) within the bHLH domains of the AtbHLH proteins. Introns are indicated by triangles and numbered (1 to 3) based on those present in the bHLH reg ...
DNA repair, transposable elements
... I. RNA processing in eukaryotes II. Translation of mRNA into protein - tRNA and ribosomes ...
... I. RNA processing in eukaryotes II. Translation of mRNA into protein - tRNA and ribosomes ...
Slides PPT
... This protein complex binding puts a 90o kink in the DNA and interacts with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. Without the cAMP:CAP the lac promoter is a weak promoter varying significantly from the consensus sequence at -10 and -35. The combination of the two controls means beta gal and lac permea ...
... This protein complex binding puts a 90o kink in the DNA and interacts with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. Without the cAMP:CAP the lac promoter is a weak promoter varying significantly from the consensus sequence at -10 and -35. The combination of the two controls means beta gal and lac permea ...
Automation of Reverse Transcription of Avian Influenza Viral RNA
... µL of nuclease free water to each of the Rx-Mix vials with the workstation and mixed with pipetting action of the workstation. Aliquote of 100 µL of each of the reaction mix was transferred into vials placed on the cooling block for preparing working master mixes. To each of the above-said vials con ...
... µL of nuclease free water to each of the Rx-Mix vials with the workstation and mixed with pipetting action of the workstation. Aliquote of 100 µL of each of the reaction mix was transferred into vials placed on the cooling block for preparing working master mixes. To each of the above-said vials con ...
Transcription Regulation Background: Lactose Background: How
... This protein complex binding puts a 90o kink in the DNA and interacts with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. Without the cAMP:CAP the lac promoter is a weak promoter varying significantly from the consensus sequence at -10 and -35. The combination of the two controls means beta gal and lac permea ...
... This protein complex binding puts a 90o kink in the DNA and interacts with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase. Without the cAMP:CAP the lac promoter is a weak promoter varying significantly from the consensus sequence at -10 and -35. The combination of the two controls means beta gal and lac permea ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.