4 LIFE UNDER A MICROSCOPE
... 9. Algae are mostly found in water. 10. All fungi are parasitic. 11. A virus can reproduce only when it enters a living cell. 12. Micro-organisms grow very well in extreme dry conditions. 13. The class of medicines obtained from bacteria or fungi are called antibiotics. ...
... 9. Algae are mostly found in water. 10. All fungi are parasitic. 11. A virus can reproduce only when it enters a living cell. 12. Micro-organisms grow very well in extreme dry conditions. 13. The class of medicines obtained from bacteria or fungi are called antibiotics. ...
biochemical model for enhanced biological phosphorus removal
... in the next section. Three major mechanisms are used by most bacteria to translocate protons and maintain a pmf (see Fig. 4). The first one is of major importance and makes use of the cytoplasmic membrane-bound electron transport chain to expel H + from the cell when carbon substrates and an electro ...
... in the next section. Three major mechanisms are used by most bacteria to translocate protons and maintain a pmf (see Fig. 4). The first one is of major importance and makes use of the cytoplasmic membrane-bound electron transport chain to expel H + from the cell when carbon substrates and an electro ...
The Effect of Catalase on Recovery of Heat-injured
... Heat-injured cells of strain UMI were no more sensitive to peroxide in plating media than cells of the parent strain CSH7 (data not shown). EJect of the xthA mutation on heat resistance. Lack of exonuclease I11 did not affect heatinduced peroxide sensitivity as judged by the difference between count ...
... Heat-injured cells of strain UMI were no more sensitive to peroxide in plating media than cells of the parent strain CSH7 (data not shown). EJect of the xthA mutation on heat resistance. Lack of exonuclease I11 did not affect heatinduced peroxide sensitivity as judged by the difference between count ...
Manganese Complexes: Diverse Metabolic Routes to Oxidative
... screens, the Culotta lab attempted in the 1990s to identify genes in S. cerevisiae that had the capacity to substitute for Cu/ Zn SOD and in virtually every case, the genes identified were found to control uptake and accumulation of manganese and, hence, activity of Mn-antioxidants. These genes incl ...
... screens, the Culotta lab attempted in the 1990s to identify genes in S. cerevisiae that had the capacity to substitute for Cu/ Zn SOD and in virtually every case, the genes identified were found to control uptake and accumulation of manganese and, hence, activity of Mn-antioxidants. These genes incl ...
Universitas Scientiarum
... Because the use of bacteria for biotechnological processes requires maintaining their viability and genetic stability, preserving them becomes essential. Here, we evaluated three preservation methods for A. chroococcum C26 and A. vinelandii C27; preservation methods: cryopreservation and immobilizat ...
... Because the use of bacteria for biotechnological processes requires maintaining their viability and genetic stability, preserving them becomes essential. Here, we evaluated three preservation methods for A. chroococcum C26 and A. vinelandii C27; preservation methods: cryopreservation and immobilizat ...
Bacterial cheating drives the population dynamics of
... Using difference equation maps to study population dynamics Since the final cell density after 23 h of growth was approximately constant regardless of the starting conditions (Supplementary Figures S4–S6), the only parameter that changed from day-to-day was the fraction of resistant cells. To examin ...
... Using difference equation maps to study population dynamics Since the final cell density after 23 h of growth was approximately constant regardless of the starting conditions (Supplementary Figures S4–S6), the only parameter that changed from day-to-day was the fraction of resistant cells. To examin ...
Cross-Presentation Proteases in MHC Class I Presentation and
... well described elsewhere, we will cover this subject in this paper relatively briefly and provide readers with references to representatives and/or recent papers and reviews. The proteasome is a large barrel-shaped particle present in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells (3–5) that is res ...
... well described elsewhere, we will cover this subject in this paper relatively briefly and provide readers with references to representatives and/or recent papers and reviews. The proteasome is a large barrel-shaped particle present in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells (3–5) that is res ...
The Role of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in
... signaling (Fig. 3A). This includes so-called GGDEF domains, which are typically diguanylate cyclases that synthesize c-di-GMP, and EAL and HD-GYP domains, which function as phosphodiesterases for c-di-GMP (Jenal and Malone, 2006). In most bacteria, the production of c-di-GMl> plays a critical role i ...
... signaling (Fig. 3A). This includes so-called GGDEF domains, which are typically diguanylate cyclases that synthesize c-di-GMP, and EAL and HD-GYP domains, which function as phosphodiesterases for c-di-GMP (Jenal and Malone, 2006). In most bacteria, the production of c-di-GMl> plays a critical role i ...
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as - AJP-Lung
... Flagellin antiserum inhibits P. aeruginosa binding to CHO-Muc1 cells. To confirm the role of flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin, wild-type PAK were preincubated with flagellin antiserum for 30 min before the binding assay. As shown in Fig. 2, flagellin antiserum blocked P. aeruginosa binding to ...
... Flagellin antiserum inhibits P. aeruginosa binding to CHO-Muc1 cells. To confirm the role of flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin, wild-type PAK were preincubated with flagellin antiserum for 30 min before the binding assay. As shown in Fig. 2, flagellin antiserum blocked P. aeruginosa binding to ...
Eph receptor signaling in C. elegans
... C-terminus anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum. At the N-terminus is a single MSP domain followed by a coiled-coil motif and transmembrane-spanning region (Lev et al., 2008). VAP MSP domains are cleaved from the transmembrane domain in the cytosol and secreted into the extracellular environment (F ...
... C-terminus anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum. At the N-terminus is a single MSP domain followed by a coiled-coil motif and transmembrane-spanning region (Lev et al., 2008). VAP MSP domains are cleaved from the transmembrane domain in the cytosol and secreted into the extracellular environment (F ...
Cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell polarity and bacterial flagellin
... Although the data showed that there were different epithelial responses in terms of altered gene expression during bacterial exposure to the apical versus basolateral surfaces, there were no clear patterns (e.g. gene categories or cell signalling pathways) that emerged from careful inspection of the ...
... Although the data showed that there were different epithelial responses in terms of altered gene expression during bacterial exposure to the apical versus basolateral surfaces, there were no clear patterns (e.g. gene categories or cell signalling pathways) that emerged from careful inspection of the ...
PDF - Herbert Publications
... The basic question to be answered concerns the biological factors can successfully eliminate microorganisms all by function of the immune system. It is generally believed to have themselves. What is the need for different populations of T and B originally evolved as a system for recognizing nonself ...
... The basic question to be answered concerns the biological factors can successfully eliminate microorganisms all by function of the immune system. It is generally believed to have themselves. What is the need for different populations of T and B originally evolved as a system for recognizing nonself ...
Primary cilia of human endothelial cells disassemble under laminar
... est concentration of acetyl--tubulin (Fig. 3, A and B). HUVEC primary cilia occasionally were detectable by phase contrast (Fig. 4 B”). HUVEC expressed the highest percentage of primary cilia at passages 2–6. In contrast, they lacked cilia at passages higher than 12. To identify the intracellular l ...
... est concentration of acetyl--tubulin (Fig. 3, A and B). HUVEC primary cilia occasionally were detectable by phase contrast (Fig. 4 B”). HUVEC expressed the highest percentage of primary cilia at passages 2–6. In contrast, they lacked cilia at passages higher than 12. To identify the intracellular l ...
The Chemical Defense Ecology of Marine Unicellular Plankton
... the integration time. For S/N ⬃ 1, t ⬃ 0.1 s, R ⬃ 0.1 m and D ⬃ 10⫺6 cm2 s⫺1, C is about 10⫺9 M, a value consistent with observations. Receptor sensitivity—the minimal concentration for detectable S/N—scales as (Rt)⫺2. Since small cells cannot increase receptor size, longer integration times may be ...
... the integration time. For S/N ⬃ 1, t ⬃ 0.1 s, R ⬃ 0.1 m and D ⬃ 10⫺6 cm2 s⫺1, C is about 10⫺9 M, a value consistent with observations. Receptor sensitivity—the minimal concentration for detectable S/N—scales as (Rt)⫺2. Since small cells cannot increase receptor size, longer integration times may be ...
In all vertebrate embryos examined so far, the first
... efficient when applied to whole fixed zebrafish embryos, larvae, and even juvenile (over 1-month old) fish (Figure 1). At medium magnification, the staining nicely delineates the often amoeboid granulocytes throughout the embryo, leaving their nucleus unstained (Figure 1A,b-c; B,d, C,b-c). At high m ...
... efficient when applied to whole fixed zebrafish embryos, larvae, and even juvenile (over 1-month old) fish (Figure 1). At medium magnification, the staining nicely delineates the often amoeboid granulocytes throughout the embryo, leaving their nucleus unstained (Figure 1A,b-c; B,d, C,b-c). At high m ...
(FT-IR) spectroscopy: A rapid tool for detection and analysis of
... to the stretching and bending vibrations of molecular bonds or functional groups present in its proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The molecular composition varies from species to species and even at strain levels. Therefore each bacterium will have a unique and ...
... to the stretching and bending vibrations of molecular bonds or functional groups present in its proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The molecular composition varies from species to species and even at strain levels. Therefore each bacterium will have a unique and ...
Economic Game Theory to Model the Attenuation
... is confronted, an evolutionary process leads to an attenuated strain. Although, the attenuation procedure has already been conducted in practice in order to develop an attenuated vaccine (e.g., with Ehrlichia ruminantium), there was a lack of understanding of the theoretical basis behind this proces ...
... is confronted, an evolutionary process leads to an attenuated strain. Although, the attenuation procedure has already been conducted in practice in order to develop an attenuated vaccine (e.g., with Ehrlichia ruminantium), there was a lack of understanding of the theoretical basis behind this proces ...
DENTAL PLAQUE
... subgingival matrix components distinct from those of supragingival calculus (e.g., blood products associated with subgingival hemorrhage). • The fluoride component of plaque is largely derived from external sources such as fluoridated toothpastes and rinses. ...
... subgingival matrix components distinct from those of supragingival calculus (e.g., blood products associated with subgingival hemorrhage). • The fluoride component of plaque is largely derived from external sources such as fluoridated toothpastes and rinses. ...
Synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 signaling
... as well as circulating innate immune pathways, such as complement, are activated by pathogens/danger signals, inducing inflammatory responses in response to infection and/or tissue injury. While individual signaling pathways for PRRs and complement are relatively well understood, the complex interac ...
... as well as circulating innate immune pathways, such as complement, are activated by pathogens/danger signals, inducing inflammatory responses in response to infection and/or tissue injury. While individual signaling pathways for PRRs and complement are relatively well understood, the complex interac ...
Sharp, K. A microscopic investigation of purple sulfur bacterial
... while other marine bacteria were present in the clone library. This probably is a product of incomplete cell lysis in the DNA extraction, which was problematic in these experiments as well. Without microscopy, it is impossible to distinguish between bacteria that are truly major components of the sy ...
... while other marine bacteria were present in the clone library. This probably is a product of incomplete cell lysis in the DNA extraction, which was problematic in these experiments as well. Without microscopy, it is impossible to distinguish between bacteria that are truly major components of the sy ...
Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its
... lactic acid, and succinic acid) or during wastewater treatment or bioremediation. Thus far, the biofilms used to obtain industrial products are typically those of single species, which allows the controlled growth conditions needed to maximize the production of the desired compound [59–61]. In biofi ...
... lactic acid, and succinic acid) or during wastewater treatment or bioremediation. Thus far, the biofilms used to obtain industrial products are typically those of single species, which allows the controlled growth conditions needed to maximize the production of the desired compound [59–61]. In biofi ...
Signal Perception and Transduction: The Origin of
... others are thought to dimerize upon binding their ligands. Dimerization of receptors with kinaselike cytoplasmic domains may result in intermolecular phosphorylation and the activation of signal transduction pathways. Moreover, the phosphorylated receptor kinase dimer may remain catalytically active ...
... others are thought to dimerize upon binding their ligands. Dimerization of receptors with kinaselike cytoplasmic domains may result in intermolecular phosphorylation and the activation of signal transduction pathways. Moreover, the phosphorylated receptor kinase dimer may remain catalytically active ...
Potential digestive function of bacteria in krill
Euthausia suerba stomach
... a n d January 1991. Our results show that these populations differ in terms of number per unit volume, with those in krill stomach and fecal pellets exceeding those III the water column by several orders of magnitude. Bacterial cell sizes and biomass, the size of the culturable fraction (CFU) with r ...
Euthausia suerba stomach
... a n d January 1991. Our results show that these populations differ in terms of number per unit volume, with those in krill stomach and fecal pellets exceeding those III the water column by several orders of magnitude. Bacterial cell sizes and biomass, the size of the culturable fraction (CFU) with r ...
MAIT Cells Precursor Derivatives Activating Mouse Derived Riboflavin
... bacterial reactivity by MAIT cell clones) led the investigators to suggest that a variety of microbial ligands would be recognized by distinct sets of MAIT cells expressing distinct TCRs (11). In contrast, mutagenesis experiments associated with structural studies identified crucial residues in the ...
... bacterial reactivity by MAIT cell clones) led the investigators to suggest that a variety of microbial ligands would be recognized by distinct sets of MAIT cells expressing distinct TCRs (11). In contrast, mutagenesis experiments associated with structural studies identified crucial residues in the ...
a b
... positive charges facilitate initial binding to the negatively charged bacterial membrane through an electrostatic interaction, then the hydrophobic portion of the peptide inserts into bacterial membrane to form pores, leading to membrane permeabilization [6,21]. There are also several peptides havin ...
... positive charges facilitate initial binding to the negatively charged bacterial membrane through an electrostatic interaction, then the hydrophobic portion of the peptide inserts into bacterial membrane to form pores, leading to membrane permeabilization [6,21]. There are also several peptides havin ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.