Up-regulation of junctophilin-2 prevents ER stress and apoptosis in
... Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, and reperfusion which can restore blood flow is the primary therapy. However, reperfusion can induce further damage to cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining ...
... Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, and reperfusion which can restore blood flow is the primary therapy. However, reperfusion can induce further damage to cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining ...
Guard cell-specific inhibition of Arabidopsis MPK3 expression
... MPK3 transcription is rapidly induced in Arabidopsis plants treated with touch, low-temperature or salinity stress (Mizoguchi et al., 1996). Kovtun et al. (2000) found strong activation of MPK3 enzyme activity in leaf mesophyll protoplasts by H2O2 but not by ABA treatments. In contrast, Lu et al. (2 ...
... MPK3 transcription is rapidly induced in Arabidopsis plants treated with touch, low-temperature or salinity stress (Mizoguchi et al., 1996). Kovtun et al. (2000) found strong activation of MPK3 enzyme activity in leaf mesophyll protoplasts by H2O2 but not by ABA treatments. In contrast, Lu et al. (2 ...
Dynamics of the Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Sizers, and Timers
... active Cyclin:CDK causes bistability. However, when the delayed negative feedback is in the system, the bistability may be lost and converted to excitable and limit cycle dynamics (see Figs. 6 and 7, Appendix B). Fig. 2 schematically summarizes the key cell cycle dynamics arising from the mathematic ...
... active Cyclin:CDK causes bistability. However, when the delayed negative feedback is in the system, the bistability may be lost and converted to excitable and limit cycle dynamics (see Figs. 6 and 7, Appendix B). Fig. 2 schematically summarizes the key cell cycle dynamics arising from the mathematic ...
Excitation of Rat Locus Coeruleus Neurons by Adenosine 5
... release of noradrenaline (although adenosine is effective; Jackisch et al., 1985). Noradrenaline is released not only from the varicose terminals of the noradrenergic cells as they ramify in their several targets, but also from the soma-dendritic region (Egan et al., 1983). Here it acts at a,-adreno ...
... release of noradrenaline (although adenosine is effective; Jackisch et al., 1985). Noradrenaline is released not only from the varicose terminals of the noradrenergic cells as they ramify in their several targets, but also from the soma-dendritic region (Egan et al., 1983). Here it acts at a,-adreno ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... Spemann’s organizer and its derivatives have endowed the neural plate with a coarse pattern along its anteroposterior and mediolateral axes, this basis is progressively refined by the activity of secondary organizers within the neuroepithelium that function by releasing diffusible signaling factors. ...
... Spemann’s organizer and its derivatives have endowed the neural plate with a coarse pattern along its anteroposterior and mediolateral axes, this basis is progressively refined by the activity of secondary organizers within the neuroepithelium that function by releasing diffusible signaling factors. ...
Disruption of Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Mechanisms Alters Responses
... Disruption of Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Mechanisms Alters Responses of Arabidopsis to Biotic Stress1[C][W][OA] Lori Adams-Phillips2, Amy G. Briggs2, and Andrew F. Bent* Department of Plant Pathology (L.A.-P., A.G.B., A.F.B.) and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (A.G.B.), University of Wisconsi ...
... Disruption of Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Mechanisms Alters Responses of Arabidopsis to Biotic Stress1[C][W][OA] Lori Adams-Phillips2, Amy G. Briggs2, and Andrew F. Bent* Department of Plant Pathology (L.A.-P., A.G.B., A.F.B.) and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (A.G.B.), University of Wisconsi ...
Expression of the LXR Protein in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions
... iver X–activated receptor ␣ (LXR␣; NR1H3) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that forms a functional heterodimer with retinoid X receptors (RXRs).1,2 LXR␣/RXRs heterodimers bind to DR-4 –type sequence elements known as the LXR response element in their target genes. LXR␣ is activated by ...
... iver X–activated receptor ␣ (LXR␣; NR1H3) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that forms a functional heterodimer with retinoid X receptors (RXRs).1,2 LXR␣/RXRs heterodimers bind to DR-4 –type sequence elements known as the LXR response element in their target genes. LXR␣ is activated by ...
Malva verticillata seed extracts upregulate the Wnt pathway in
... tested. Because the reporter plasmid contained the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a TCF-binding site, luciferase activity correlated with a stimulation of the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway. When DPCs were treated with an ethanol extract of M. verticillata seeds, luciferase activitie ...
... tested. Because the reporter plasmid contained the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a TCF-binding site, luciferase activity correlated with a stimulation of the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway. When DPCs were treated with an ethanol extract of M. verticillata seeds, luciferase activitie ...
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... transduction, the seven-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) has an intrinsic intracellular signaling activity, which is repressed by the 12-pass transmembrane Hh receptor Patched (Ptch). The binding of Hh ligands to Ptch initiates Hh-Ptch signal transduction by relieving the repressive effec ...
... transduction, the seven-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) has an intrinsic intracellular signaling activity, which is repressed by the 12-pass transmembrane Hh receptor Patched (Ptch). The binding of Hh ligands to Ptch initiates Hh-Ptch signal transduction by relieving the repressive effec ...
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... metaphase of meiosis I (Wallenfang and Seydoux, 2000). However, during embryogenesis centrosomes, or short microtubules that they nucleate, appear essential for symmetry breaking, as demonstrated by experiments in which centrosomes are ablated with a laser-microbeam (Cowan and Hyman, 2004b). By cont ...
... metaphase of meiosis I (Wallenfang and Seydoux, 2000). However, during embryogenesis centrosomes, or short microtubules that they nucleate, appear essential for symmetry breaking, as demonstrated by experiments in which centrosomes are ablated with a laser-microbeam (Cowan and Hyman, 2004b). By cont ...
"Genetic Methods of Polymer Synthesis". In: Encyclopedia of
... Recombinant DNA methods have been traditionally used in site-directed mutagenesis studies designed to probe protein folding or enzymatic activity. The ease with which genetic sequences can be constructed has, however, led to the increased use of these methods for the synthesis of proteins with repet ...
... Recombinant DNA methods have been traditionally used in site-directed mutagenesis studies designed to probe protein folding or enzymatic activity. The ease with which genetic sequences can be constructed has, however, led to the increased use of these methods for the synthesis of proteins with repet ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... nowadays in the sense of a substance containing, consisting of, or showing the staining and other reactions of deoxypentose nucleic acid. In the present state of biochemical and genetical knowledge, it seems doubtful whether it continues to serve as a useful purpose.” As a matter of fact, Barber & C ...
... nowadays in the sense of a substance containing, consisting of, or showing the staining and other reactions of deoxypentose nucleic acid. In the present state of biochemical and genetical knowledge, it seems doubtful whether it continues to serve as a useful purpose.” As a matter of fact, Barber & C ...
Processing of 20S prerRNA to 18S ribosomal RNA in yeast requires
... the contrary, Rrp10p depletion does not affect the time course of the 27S pre-rRNA conversion to 25S rRNA. Moreover, no other pre-rRNA intermediate is observed during the chase experiment, indicating that the processing pathways leading to the 20S pre-rRNA and 25S rRNA are fully functional in Rrp10p ...
... the contrary, Rrp10p depletion does not affect the time course of the 27S pre-rRNA conversion to 25S rRNA. Moreover, no other pre-rRNA intermediate is observed during the chase experiment, indicating that the processing pathways leading to the 20S pre-rRNA and 25S rRNA are fully functional in Rrp10p ...
Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination in Meiosis
... and Roeder 1994; Hollingsworth et al. 1995). In Caenorhabditis elegans, however, Msh4 and Msh5 seem to be essential for all meiotic crossovers (Zalevsky et al. 1999; Kelly et al. 2000). To reconcile these organismal differences and explain the remaining crossovers in S. cerevisiae msh4 and msh5 muta ...
... and Roeder 1994; Hollingsworth et al. 1995). In Caenorhabditis elegans, however, Msh4 and Msh5 seem to be essential for all meiotic crossovers (Zalevsky et al. 1999; Kelly et al. 2000). To reconcile these organismal differences and explain the remaining crossovers in S. cerevisiae msh4 and msh5 muta ...
Identification and Analysis of Dicer Associated Proteins in
... supporting the idea of translational repression either at the level of initiation or at a post-initiation level. In addition, there is evidence for miRNA-induced mRNA degradation that occurs independently of Agos’ RNase H activity. However, for most of the cases tested the reduction of protein level ...
... supporting the idea of translational repression either at the level of initiation or at a post-initiation level. In addition, there is evidence for miRNA-induced mRNA degradation that occurs independently of Agos’ RNase H activity. However, for most of the cases tested the reduction of protein level ...
Full version (PDF file)
... by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and all efforts were made to minimize the rats’ suffering and the number of rats used. NAc slice preparation Rat NAc slices were prepared as follows. Rats were anaesthetized with diethyl ether and decap ...
... by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and all efforts were made to minimize the rats’ suffering and the number of rats used. NAc slice preparation Rat NAc slices were prepared as follows. Rats were anaesthetized with diethyl ether and decap ...
The Biochemical Machinery of Plastid Envelope
... diacylglycerol synthesized directly within the inner envelope membrane (Maréchal et al., 1994). The kinetic properties of the envelope MGDG synthase could explain the synthesis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG molecular species. Finally, MGDG synthase is a very minor protein— about 1/1000 of the ...
... diacylglycerol synthesized directly within the inner envelope membrane (Maréchal et al., 1994). The kinetic properties of the envelope MGDG synthase could explain the synthesis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG molecular species. Finally, MGDG synthase is a very minor protein— about 1/1000 of the ...
PDF
... Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been found in virtually all organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, e.g., mammals, amphibians, insects and plants (Bulet et al., 2004). AMPs are evolutionarily conserved components of the innate immune response and are primary effector molecules (Téllez & ...
... Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been found in virtually all organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, e.g., mammals, amphibians, insects and plants (Bulet et al., 2004). AMPs are evolutionarily conserved components of the innate immune response and are primary effector molecules (Téllez & ...
The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy
... Jackman, Robert W., and Susan C. Kandarian. The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287: C834 –C843, 2004; 10.1152/ajpcell.00579.2003.—Skeletal muscle atrophy attributable to muscular inactivity has significant adverse functional consequences. While the initiating p ...
... Jackman, Robert W., and Susan C. Kandarian. The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287: C834 –C843, 2004; 10.1152/ajpcell.00579.2003.—Skeletal muscle atrophy attributable to muscular inactivity has significant adverse functional consequences. While the initiating p ...
Document
... activates a specific protein kinase.The other pathway involves an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ that activates another specific protein kinase. ...
... activates a specific protein kinase.The other pathway involves an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ that activates another specific protein kinase. ...
The Majority of Yeast UPF1 Co-localizes with Polyribosomes in the
... (pre-chilled to -20°C) for 6 min followed by immersion in acetone (chilled to -20'C) for 30 s. Slides were air dried. Cells were blocked with 30 ,ul of blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin and 0.05% Nonidet P-40 in PBS) for 15 min at room temperature. Thirty microliters of PBS containing the pri ...
... (pre-chilled to -20°C) for 6 min followed by immersion in acetone (chilled to -20'C) for 30 s. Slides were air dried. Cells were blocked with 30 ,ul of blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin and 0.05% Nonidet P-40 in PBS) for 15 min at room temperature. Thirty microliters of PBS containing the pri ...
RXR Ligands Negatively Regulate Thrombosis and Hemostasis
... and in vivo were determined. Treatment of platelets with RXR ligands resulted in attenuation of platelet functional responses after stimulation by GPVI agonists and thrombin and inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. Treatment with 9-cis-retinoic acid caused inhibition of thrombus forma ...
... and in vivo were determined. Treatment of platelets with RXR ligands resulted in attenuation of platelet functional responses after stimulation by GPVI agonists and thrombin and inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. Treatment with 9-cis-retinoic acid caused inhibition of thrombus forma ...
Neuroblast migration along the anteroposterior axis of C. elegans is
... Wnt proteins that control many aspects of development, including cell fate specification, cell polarity and the highly stereotypic migration of neuroblasts along the anteroposterior body axis (Korswagen, 2002; Silhankova and Korswagen, 2007). Neuroblasts that migrate in a Wnt-dependent manner includ ...
... Wnt proteins that control many aspects of development, including cell fate specification, cell polarity and the highly stereotypic migration of neuroblasts along the anteroposterior body axis (Korswagen, 2002; Silhankova and Korswagen, 2007). Neuroblasts that migrate in a Wnt-dependent manner includ ...
UNIT- V - Bhoj University
... translation occurs. Another important cellular organelle is the mitochondrion. Mitochondria (many mitochondrion) are often referred to as the power plants of the cell because many of the reactions that produce energy take place in mitochondria. Also important in the life of a cell are the lysosomes. ...
... translation occurs. Another important cellular organelle is the mitochondrion. Mitochondria (many mitochondrion) are often referred to as the power plants of the cell because many of the reactions that produce energy take place in mitochondria. Also important in the life of a cell are the lysosomes. ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.