Cell-cycle regulation
... The cdk-4 Cdk4/6 kinase and cyd-1 D-type cyclin genes are required for progression through G1 phase during larval development (Boxem and van den Heuvel, 2001; Park and Krause, 1999). CYD-1 and CDK-4 likely act in complex, as indicated by their direct interaction in vitro and close similarity in null ...
... The cdk-4 Cdk4/6 kinase and cyd-1 D-type cyclin genes are required for progression through G1 phase during larval development (Boxem and van den Heuvel, 2001; Park and Krause, 1999). CYD-1 and CDK-4 likely act in complex, as indicated by their direct interaction in vitro and close similarity in null ...
Section 1 Lactation Physiology
... Amino acid transport: Both sodium-dependent and sodium independent amino acid transport mechanisms analogous to those found in other organs have been demonstrated at the basolateral component of the mammary epithelium. Other ...
... Amino acid transport: Both sodium-dependent and sodium independent amino acid transport mechanisms analogous to those found in other organs have been demonstrated at the basolateral component of the mammary epithelium. Other ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... BRs. V-ATPases are supposed to translocate osmolytes from the cytosol to the vacuole. Mutation in the DET3 gene encoding a V-ATPase reduced the effects of BR (Schumacher et al. 1999) and it would be interesting to see the impact of BRs on the recently described tonoplast proteomic analysis of A. tha ...
... BRs. V-ATPases are supposed to translocate osmolytes from the cytosol to the vacuole. Mutation in the DET3 gene encoding a V-ATPase reduced the effects of BR (Schumacher et al. 1999) and it would be interesting to see the impact of BRs on the recently described tonoplast proteomic analysis of A. tha ...
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells
... Beginning from the recognition of FtsZ as a bacterial tubulin homolog in the early 1990s, many bacterial cytoskeletal elements have been identified, including homologs to the major eukaryotic cytoskeletal elements (tubulin, actin, and intermediate filament) and the elements unique in prokaryotes (Pa ...
... Beginning from the recognition of FtsZ as a bacterial tubulin homolog in the early 1990s, many bacterial cytoskeletal elements have been identified, including homologs to the major eukaryotic cytoskeletal elements (tubulin, actin, and intermediate filament) and the elements unique in prokaryotes (Pa ...
Searching algorithm for type IV secretion system effectors 1.0: a tool
... alternative to machine learning approach for less-studied pathogenic bacteria. In this section, we describe the algorithm used by S4TE, how the parameters of this software were estimated from the literature and how S4TE performs on different genomes. The essential features of the S4TE program, as de ...
... alternative to machine learning approach for less-studied pathogenic bacteria. In this section, we describe the algorithm used by S4TE, how the parameters of this software were estimated from the literature and how S4TE performs on different genomes. The essential features of the S4TE program, as de ...
SMN, the Product of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Gene, Binds
... radiolabeled sDMA-modified RG peptide than radiolabeled unmodified RG peptide, demonstrating that under these conditions SMN has at least a 16-fold higher affinity for the modified RG peptide over the unmodified RG peptide. It is likely that the difference in binding affinity is actually higher, but ...
... radiolabeled sDMA-modified RG peptide than radiolabeled unmodified RG peptide, demonstrating that under these conditions SMN has at least a 16-fold higher affinity for the modified RG peptide over the unmodified RG peptide. It is likely that the difference in binding affinity is actually higher, but ...
Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A
... NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron shared between the nitrogen and the oxygen atom. As a radical, NO is relatively unreactive. It does not react with itself nor it reacts with most biological molecules that have no unpaired electrons, but it tends to combine with other radicals and trans ...
... NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron shared between the nitrogen and the oxygen atom. As a radical, NO is relatively unreactive. It does not react with itself nor it reacts with most biological molecules that have no unpaired electrons, but it tends to combine with other radicals and trans ...
Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein
... established that Ca2+ signalling by many Gα i -coupled receptors is via Gβγ -mediated activation of PLCβ [11–15]. The four identified PLCβ isoforms can be stimulated by Gβγ subunits [16,17], but there are marked differences in their sensitivities [16]. Thus the expression profile of PLCβ isoforms wi ...
... established that Ca2+ signalling by many Gα i -coupled receptors is via Gβγ -mediated activation of PLCβ [11–15]. The four identified PLCβ isoforms can be stimulated by Gβγ subunits [16,17], but there are marked differences in their sensitivities [16]. Thus the expression profile of PLCβ isoforms wi ...
Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl‐ACP reductase and
... the oxidized cofactor (NADþ). A number of binding features explain the high affinity of TCL: extensive van der Waals contacts in the ternary complex facilitated by the movement of the substrate-binding-loop residues 318–324,6,14 a phenol ring that makes p-stacking interactions with the NADþ nicotina ...
... the oxidized cofactor (NADþ). A number of binding features explain the high affinity of TCL: extensive van der Waals contacts in the ternary complex facilitated by the movement of the substrate-binding-loop residues 318–324,6,14 a phenol ring that makes p-stacking interactions with the NADþ nicotina ...
Expression and identification of the RfbE protein from Vibrio
... O1, as well as the purification of GDP-D-perosaminesynthetase RfbE to homogeneity and its characterization. Surprisingly, the native and the His-tag RfbD protein were enzymatically inactive, even though they could be overexpressed in E. coli BL21 pLysS as soluble proteins. This is even though the am ...
... O1, as well as the purification of GDP-D-perosaminesynthetase RfbE to homogeneity and its characterization. Surprisingly, the native and the His-tag RfbD protein were enzymatically inactive, even though they could be overexpressed in E. coli BL21 pLysS as soluble proteins. This is even though the am ...
What is separated in bioseparation?
... membrane will retain small molecules and ions, a nanofiltration membrane will retain larger molecules such as vitamins, hormones and antibiotics, while an ultrafiltration membrane will retain macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. • Another way of removing a solvent from a solute is by r ...
... membrane will retain small molecules and ions, a nanofiltration membrane will retain larger molecules such as vitamins, hormones and antibiotics, while an ultrafiltration membrane will retain macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. • Another way of removing a solvent from a solute is by r ...
-Chain Cytokine Signals γ Activation Is Independent of Jak3
... suggesting that IL-2 is an essential element in T cell proliferation (6 – 8). In later studies, it was found that IL-2 promotes the transit of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, and E2F and downregulating p27kip1 (9 –12). Based on thes ...
... suggesting that IL-2 is an essential element in T cell proliferation (6 – 8). In later studies, it was found that IL-2 promotes the transit of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, and E2F and downregulating p27kip1 (9 –12). Based on thes ...
The Cell Cycle
... proven in the rescue of mutant yeast cells, which lack one or more faba seedlings. They noted the period between mitosis and DNA protein components of the cell cycle control system. The function of synthesis was relatively prolonged, compared to the period between the cell cycle control system can b ...
... proven in the rescue of mutant yeast cells, which lack one or more faba seedlings. They noted the period between mitosis and DNA protein components of the cell cycle control system. The function of synthesis was relatively prolonged, compared to the period between the cell cycle control system can b ...
10.2 Process of Cell Division
... The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information. Cells of every organism have a specific number of ...
... The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information. Cells of every organism have a specific number of ...
Computational Methods for Exploration and Analysis of
... Macromolecules play a vital role in countless biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, genome reorganization in development and in disease, protein synthesis, protein folding, and active transport with molecular motors. Cell signaling, a multistep pathway on length scales from ...
... Macromolecules play a vital role in countless biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, genome reorganization in development and in disease, protein synthesis, protein folding, and active transport with molecular motors. Cell signaling, a multistep pathway on length scales from ...
The study of cell cycle control is entering a new and exciting phase
... biological techniques have been used to investigate this gene and we shall now summarize what these recent studies have shown concerning the molecular role of this gene function in the cell. Plasmids containing the cdc2 and cdc28 genes have been isolated from gene banks by virtue of their ability to ...
... biological techniques have been used to investigate this gene and we shall now summarize what these recent studies have shown concerning the molecular role of this gene function in the cell. Plasmids containing the cdc2 and cdc28 genes have been isolated from gene banks by virtue of their ability to ...
any role for homer in adaptation and signal transduction
... Umana dell’Università di Padova, Padova, Italy The proteins of the Homer family (Homer 1, 2, and 3), in neurons, regulate multimeric complexes involved in signal transduction. Some Homers have been detected in skeletal muscles; the constitutive expression of mRNAs for Homer 1, 2 and 3 was reported i ...
... Umana dell’Università di Padova, Padova, Italy The proteins of the Homer family (Homer 1, 2, and 3), in neurons, regulate multimeric complexes involved in signal transduction. Some Homers have been detected in skeletal muscles; the constitutive expression of mRNAs for Homer 1, 2 and 3 was reported i ...
Modifications of a Nanomolar Cyclic Peptide
... EphA4, a member of the large Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family, is predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Through activation by the cell surface-anchored ephrin ligands, EphA4 plays important physiological roles in axon guidance during development as well as in the structural remodeling of ...
... EphA4, a member of the large Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family, is predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Through activation by the cell surface-anchored ephrin ligands, EphA4 plays important physiological roles in axon guidance during development as well as in the structural remodeling of ...
Cross-Immunoreactivity between Bacterial Aquaporin
... Aquaporins (Aqp) represent a family of transmembrane proteins that regulate water flow in cells (7). They are expressed by various mammalian cell types and bacteria, and they display similar threedimensional loop/helix structure across the plasma membrane (8). Mutations in certain aquaporin genes ha ...
... Aquaporins (Aqp) represent a family of transmembrane proteins that regulate water flow in cells (7). They are expressed by various mammalian cell types and bacteria, and they display similar threedimensional loop/helix structure across the plasma membrane (8). Mutations in certain aquaporin genes ha ...
Shroom3-mediated recruitment of Rho kinases to the apical cell
... a key player for epithelial apical constriction. Shroom3 has been identified as a gene product whose mutation disrupts neurulation (Copp et al., 2003; Hildebrand and Soriano, 1999). This protein is localized at the AJC of the neural tube; and its depletion causes neural tube closure defects in mice ...
... a key player for epithelial apical constriction. Shroom3 has been identified as a gene product whose mutation disrupts neurulation (Copp et al., 2003; Hildebrand and Soriano, 1999). This protein is localized at the AJC of the neural tube; and its depletion causes neural tube closure defects in mice ...
Figure 3 - Neuro - AGH
... characterization of these species. It was also shown that en electrochemical oxidation of peptides containing tyrosine (Tyr) or tryptophan (Trp) can lead to specific cleavage next to these amino acids[1]. Coupling of electrochemical oxidation to mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (EC/ESI ...
... characterization of these species. It was also shown that en electrochemical oxidation of peptides containing tyrosine (Tyr) or tryptophan (Trp) can lead to specific cleavage next to these amino acids[1]. Coupling of electrochemical oxidation to mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (EC/ESI ...
The Glycerophosphoryl Diester
... found that the expression of At4g26690 was correlated with the root hair morphogenesis, and T-DNA insertion mutations of this gene caused a root hair-defective phenotype. All of the F1 plants generated by crossing 15-1096-1 with shv3 had the same defective root hair phenotype as the parents, indicat ...
... found that the expression of At4g26690 was correlated with the root hair morphogenesis, and T-DNA insertion mutations of this gene caused a root hair-defective phenotype. All of the F1 plants generated by crossing 15-1096-1 with shv3 had the same defective root hair phenotype as the parents, indicat ...
enzymology
... need encountered by the cell. The enzymes that perform the routine general functions are not regulated by this method. This type of control in cells is exercised at the gene level. If the gene for that enzyme is activated then enzyme synthesis takes place and the process is called enzyme induction. ...
... need encountered by the cell. The enzymes that perform the routine general functions are not regulated by this method. This type of control in cells is exercised at the gene level. If the gene for that enzyme is activated then enzyme synthesis takes place and the process is called enzyme induction. ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.