Nature: Serine is a natural ligand and allosteric activator of pyruvate
... and serine biosynthesis. We show that serine can bind to and activate human PKM2, and that PKM2 activity in cells is reduced in response to serine deprivation. This reduction in PKM2 activity shifts cells to a fuel-efficient mode in which more pyruvate is diverted to the mitochondria and more glucos ...
... and serine biosynthesis. We show that serine can bind to and activate human PKM2, and that PKM2 activity in cells is reduced in response to serine deprivation. This reduction in PKM2 activity shifts cells to a fuel-efficient mode in which more pyruvate is diverted to the mitochondria and more glucos ...
COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII regulate expression of the NHE through a
... The mechanisms involved in long-term regulation of the Na1/H1 antiporter have only recently started to be studied. Considering its important role in cell growth and differentiation, it is not surprising that its expression is regulated during development and differentiation [5,8]. Several putative p ...
... The mechanisms involved in long-term regulation of the Na1/H1 antiporter have only recently started to be studied. Considering its important role in cell growth and differentiation, it is not surprising that its expression is regulated during development and differentiation [5,8]. Several putative p ...
Systematic Characterisation of Cellular Localisation and
... in the left side of Figure 1, including ‘membrane’, ‘plasma membrane’, ‘extracellular region’, ‘vacuole’, and ‘lysosome’. The MHC class II ligand-containing proteins are also slightly enriched within the term ‘cytoplasm’ and some of its child nodes (‘cytoplasmic PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org ...
... in the left side of Figure 1, including ‘membrane’, ‘plasma membrane’, ‘extracellular region’, ‘vacuole’, and ‘lysosome’. The MHC class II ligand-containing proteins are also slightly enriched within the term ‘cytoplasm’ and some of its child nodes (‘cytoplasmic PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org ...
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes
... Mitochondria contain their own genetic system, which is separate and distinct from the nuclear genome of the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that developed a symbiotic relationship in which they lived within larger cells (endosymbiosis). This hypothesis has recently been ...
... Mitochondria contain their own genetic system, which is separate and distinct from the nuclear genome of the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that developed a symbiotic relationship in which they lived within larger cells (endosymbiosis). This hypothesis has recently been ...
Slow Protein Conformational Change, Allostery and
... dynamic behaviors not usually seen in simpler molecular systems with only a few to tens of atoms. Characterizing the biochemical and biophysical properties of macromolecules, including their interactions with other molecules, has been a central research theme for many decades. The field is especiall ...
... dynamic behaviors not usually seen in simpler molecular systems with only a few to tens of atoms. Characterizing the biochemical and biophysical properties of macromolecules, including their interactions with other molecules, has been a central research theme for many decades. The field is especiall ...
updated ppt slides - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... Membrane Proteins: 1. Integral proteins: proteins that insert into/span the membrane bilayer; or covalently linked to membrane lipids. (Interact with the hydrophobic part of the membrane) 2. Peripheral proteins: interact with integral protein through noncovalent interaction; or interact with polar h ...
... Membrane Proteins: 1. Integral proteins: proteins that insert into/span the membrane bilayer; or covalently linked to membrane lipids. (Interact with the hydrophobic part of the membrane) 2. Peripheral proteins: interact with integral protein through noncovalent interaction; or interact with polar h ...
Synaptic Regulation of the Light-Dependent Oscillatory Currents in
... pulsatile release of transmitter and oscillatory activity of postsynaptic targets (Burrone and Lagnado 1997; Ma and Pan 2003). Interestingly, oscillations have also been reported in other amacrine cell subtypes in fish and mouse that survive cell isolation and are thus independent of synaptic drive ...
... pulsatile release of transmitter and oscillatory activity of postsynaptic targets (Burrone and Lagnado 1997; Ma and Pan 2003). Interestingly, oscillations have also been reported in other amacrine cell subtypes in fish and mouse that survive cell isolation and are thus independent of synaptic drive ...
Prediction of mitochondrial proteins of malaria parasite
... isoleucine, and tyrosine are more abundant in mitochondrial proteins than non-mitochondrial proteins. In contrast aspartic acid, asparagines, serine, and valine are more abundant in non-mitochondrial proteins than mitochondrial proteins. This means that mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial proteins c ...
... isoleucine, and tyrosine are more abundant in mitochondrial proteins than non-mitochondrial proteins. In contrast aspartic acid, asparagines, serine, and valine are more abundant in non-mitochondrial proteins than mitochondrial proteins. This means that mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial proteins c ...
vilnius university
... populations to promote myofiber repair. The inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide to a significant extent and regenerate the myocardium after injury leads to permanent deficits in the number of functional cells that can contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Consequent ...
... populations to promote myofiber repair. The inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide to a significant extent and regenerate the myocardium after injury leads to permanent deficits in the number of functional cells that can contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Consequent ...
Gene for Pain Modulatory Neuropeptide NPFF
... gene in human, murine, bovine, and rat tissues is highly conserved and encodes polypeptides 113 to 115 amino acids long, which are the precursor to NPFF, NPAF, and NPSF. We analyze the expression of NPFF mRNA in the brain and spinal cord and show that its distribution matches that of the NPFF and NP ...
... gene in human, murine, bovine, and rat tissues is highly conserved and encodes polypeptides 113 to 115 amino acids long, which are the precursor to NPFF, NPAF, and NPSF. We analyze the expression of NPFF mRNA in the brain and spinal cord and show that its distribution matches that of the NPFF and NP ...
division plane control in plants: new players in the band
... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Relatively little is known about mechanisms governing the establishment of the division plane or the guidance of expanding phragmoplasts to the cortical division site during cy ...
... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Relatively little is known about mechanisms governing the establishment of the division plane or the guidance of expanding phragmoplasts to the cortical division site during cy ...
2.3.1. Vector construction - Trace: Tennessee Research and
... wide interactions. This work describes the study of two specific areas of biological interactions in microbial systems: intracellular protein-protein interactions and cell-to-cell interactions. The implementation of optical and atomic force microscopy and the methodologies developed during this stud ...
... wide interactions. This work describes the study of two specific areas of biological interactions in microbial systems: intracellular protein-protein interactions and cell-to-cell interactions. The implementation of optical and atomic force microscopy and the methodologies developed during this stud ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... The Resting Potential o The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and ac ...
... The Resting Potential o The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and ac ...
Parts of the Cell In
... functions like your organs. Please move on to the next slide and click on the boxes to see the names and functions of the cells organelles. ...
... functions like your organs. Please move on to the next slide and click on the boxes to see the names and functions of the cells organelles. ...
mutant alleles of polymitotic that disrupt the cell cycle
... nuclear morphology is abnormal in these cells. The chromatin is more diffuse than that in wild-type cells at a similar stage (compare to Fig. 1C). In Fig. 2B, two tetrad cells show abnormal interphase nuclear microtubule arrays. However, the other two cells are separated by a phragmoplast. In wild-t ...
... nuclear morphology is abnormal in these cells. The chromatin is more diffuse than that in wild-type cells at a similar stage (compare to Fig. 1C). In Fig. 2B, two tetrad cells show abnormal interphase nuclear microtubule arrays. However, the other two cells are separated by a phragmoplast. In wild-t ...
Amyloid deposits - Lindquist Lab
... cortex.24 Florid plaques have a dense amyloid core, a pale radiating fibrillar periphery and are surrounded by a halo of spongiform change. Interestingly, spongiform change in variant CJD is most pronounced in the basal ganglia, which contain relatively few amyloid plaques.24 In summary, while the p ...
... cortex.24 Florid plaques have a dense amyloid core, a pale radiating fibrillar periphery and are surrounded by a halo of spongiform change. Interestingly, spongiform change in variant CJD is most pronounced in the basal ganglia, which contain relatively few amyloid plaques.24 In summary, while the p ...
chromosomes
... attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... attachment, stop signal is received. (b) M checkpoint © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Application of scanning electron acoustic microscopy to the
... piezoelectric effect can dominate over the thermal conductivity effect of impurities. A resistivity increase would then be coupled to an increase of electron acoustic signal, asobserved in this work assuming the piezoelectric coupling as the main generation mechanism. The interaction of dislocations ...
... piezoelectric effect can dominate over the thermal conductivity effect of impurities. A resistivity increase would then be coupled to an increase of electron acoustic signal, asobserved in this work assuming the piezoelectric coupling as the main generation mechanism. The interaction of dislocations ...
AtCHIP functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of protein phosphatase
... protein found in plants that also contains TPRs (Yan et al., 2003). Like animal CHIP proteins, AtCHIP has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. AtCHIP transcripts were upregulated by several stress treatments including low and high temperatures. However, increased AtCHIP expression was not correlat ...
... protein found in plants that also contains TPRs (Yan et al., 2003). Like animal CHIP proteins, AtCHIP has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. AtCHIP transcripts were upregulated by several stress treatments including low and high temperatures. However, increased AtCHIP expression was not correlat ...
Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... canal (Fig. 3E). We conclude that furrow canals are also present in Tribolium. However, in contrast to Drosophila, the furrow canals are not heavily enriched with actin. Neither phalloidin nor an actin antibody could detect conspicuous actin enrichment at the bases of the ingressing membrane (Fig. 3 ...
... canal (Fig. 3E). We conclude that furrow canals are also present in Tribolium. However, in contrast to Drosophila, the furrow canals are not heavily enriched with actin. Neither phalloidin nor an actin antibody could detect conspicuous actin enrichment at the bases of the ingressing membrane (Fig. 3 ...
New type of snRNP containing nuclear bodies in plant cells
... Kloc, 2002). In amphibian oocytes which in certain developmental stages are also cells with an extremely high metabolic activity numerous extranucleolar structures with a similar morphology to bizonal bodies called snurposomes (Cajal body) have been observed (Gall, 1991; Gall et al., 1995; Roth, 199 ...
... Kloc, 2002). In amphibian oocytes which in certain developmental stages are also cells with an extremely high metabolic activity numerous extranucleolar structures with a similar morphology to bizonal bodies called snurposomes (Cajal body) have been observed (Gall, 1991; Gall et al., 1995; Roth, 199 ...
Hemoglobin Learning Objective Hemoglobin
... Oxygen binding and structural changes a) Concerted model: The first model proposed by Monod, Wyman and Changeux, also known as the MWC model, assumes that each subunit can exist in at least two conformational states and hypothesizes that all subunits make the transition from one state to the other s ...
... Oxygen binding and structural changes a) Concerted model: The first model proposed by Monod, Wyman and Changeux, also known as the MWC model, assumes that each subunit can exist in at least two conformational states and hypothesizes that all subunits make the transition from one state to the other s ...
the role of prostanoids in the urinary bladder function and a potential
... muscles, blood cells but except red blood cells) and it is a source of ñ so called ñ housekeeping prostanoids, involved in numerous physiological functions, preserving homeostasis of most systems. COX-2 level is low in normal tissues but it becomes induced by inflammatory stimuli as well as hormones ...
... muscles, blood cells but except red blood cells) and it is a source of ñ so called ñ housekeeping prostanoids, involved in numerous physiological functions, preserving homeostasis of most systems. COX-2 level is low in normal tissues but it becomes induced by inflammatory stimuli as well as hormones ...
Replacement of threonine residues by serine and alanine in a
... chain. The phosphorylatable residues T-1823, T-1833, and T-2029 have a lysine at their C-terminal side as the only obvious sequence context in common. Since there are other T-K pairs in the cloned MHC fragment used as a kinase substrate where no phosphorylation was detected, the lysines might be nec ...
... chain. The phosphorylatable residues T-1823, T-1833, and T-2029 have a lysine at their C-terminal side as the only obvious sequence context in common. Since there are other T-K pairs in the cloned MHC fragment used as a kinase substrate where no phosphorylation was detected, the lysines might be nec ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.