Functional characterization of cohesin subunit SCC1 in
... kleisin and specific non-SMC subunits. In the case of cohesin, the a-kleisin is SCC1 which together with SMC1 and SMC3 forms a tripartite ring structure necessary for sister chromatid cohesion (Gruber et al., 2003). The fourth component of cohesin is the STAG domain protein SCC3. A second type of SM ...
... kleisin and specific non-SMC subunits. In the case of cohesin, the a-kleisin is SCC1 which together with SMC1 and SMC3 forms a tripartite ring structure necessary for sister chromatid cohesion (Gruber et al., 2003). The fourth component of cohesin is the STAG domain protein SCC3. A second type of SM ...
Changes in Pectin Structure during Epidermal Cell Elongation in
... rhamnogalacturonans-I, and rhamnogalacturonans-II. Upon association with calcium ions, these polyuronic galacturonan backbones can aggregate and form gels (Jarvis 1984). It is generally accepted that pectins are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted into the cell wall in a highly methylest ...
... rhamnogalacturonans-I, and rhamnogalacturonans-II. Upon association with calcium ions, these polyuronic galacturonan backbones can aggregate and form gels (Jarvis 1984). It is generally accepted that pectins are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted into the cell wall in a highly methylest ...
The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of
... subsequent activation of intracellular signaling cascades, and thus induces long-lasting maladaptive plasticity [19]. Although Barr et al. have identified a novel mechanism by which cocaine promotes activation of D1 -expressing nAcc neurons, the enhancement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors ...
... subsequent activation of intracellular signaling cascades, and thus induces long-lasting maladaptive plasticity [19]. Although Barr et al. have identified a novel mechanism by which cocaine promotes activation of D1 -expressing nAcc neurons, the enhancement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors ...
DNA REPLICATION CHECKPOINT CONTROL 7. Acknowledgments
... temporal coordination of a number of critical events. Most importantly, the integrity of the genome must be ensured before it is passed to daughter cells. In unicellular organisms such as yeast, loss of genetic material may lead to cell death. However, in higher eukaryotes genomic instability is cau ...
... temporal coordination of a number of critical events. Most importantly, the integrity of the genome must be ensured before it is passed to daughter cells. In unicellular organisms such as yeast, loss of genetic material may lead to cell death. However, in higher eukaryotes genomic instability is cau ...
Keratin Alterations during Embryonic Epidermal Differentiation: A
... the in vivo keratin protein changes, keratinocytes grown from embryonic skin at early stages of development contained an apparent 40-kdalton keratin . This protein was absent in keratinocytes grown from 29-d embryonic skin . Significant changes in the protein profiles of these keratinocytes were als ...
... the in vivo keratin protein changes, keratinocytes grown from embryonic skin at early stages of development contained an apparent 40-kdalton keratin . This protein was absent in keratinocytes grown from 29-d embryonic skin . Significant changes in the protein profiles of these keratinocytes were als ...
mTOR pathway – novel modulator of astrocyte activity.
... ponent of the complex influences their activity and function (CHIANG & ABRAHAM 2005; ACOSTA-JAQUEZ et al. 2009; MAIESE et al. 2013). mTOR activity is regulated by many factors: metabolic and energy changes, growth factors, mitogens, hormones and amino acids (CHONG et al. 2012). mTOR has a significan ...
... ponent of the complex influences their activity and function (CHIANG & ABRAHAM 2005; ACOSTA-JAQUEZ et al. 2009; MAIESE et al. 2013). mTOR activity is regulated by many factors: metabolic and energy changes, growth factors, mitogens, hormones and amino acids (CHONG et al. 2012). mTOR has a significan ...
Centrosome positioning in vertebrate development
... node cilia, which are tilted towards the posterior. This posterior tilt, which is essential for generating leftward flow, appears to result from the posterior position of the centriole within each cell of the node (Nonaka et al., 2005; Okada et al., 2005). Centrosome position in oriented cell divisi ...
... node cilia, which are tilted towards the posterior. This posterior tilt, which is essential for generating leftward flow, appears to result from the posterior position of the centriole within each cell of the node (Nonaka et al., 2005; Okada et al., 2005). Centrosome position in oriented cell divisi ...
Neurotransmitter Release
... Only the first type of neurotransmitter release mediates the fast point-to-point synaptic transmission process at classical synapses (sometimes referred to as wiring transmission). All of the other types of neurotransmitter release effect one or another form of “volume transmission” whereby the neur ...
... Only the first type of neurotransmitter release mediates the fast point-to-point synaptic transmission process at classical synapses (sometimes referred to as wiring transmission). All of the other types of neurotransmitter release effect one or another form of “volume transmission” whereby the neur ...
Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral
... mutations in HVR altered the conformation of its whole hinge region while the fold of 4EBD remained unaffected. Together with aberrant or disrupted HIP2 interactions, the conformational changes may have triggered host defence. Several discoveries were made during the course of this thesis. It was fo ...
... mutations in HVR altered the conformation of its whole hinge region while the fold of 4EBD remained unaffected. Together with aberrant or disrupted HIP2 interactions, the conformational changes may have triggered host defence. Several discoveries were made during the course of this thesis. It was fo ...
A Human Centromere Protein, CENP-B, Has a DNA Binding Domain
... rein, designated CENP-D, has been identified also using the autoimmune sera (Kingwell and Rattner, 1987). Recently, it has been suggested that a motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein, takes part in centromere function (Pfarr et al., 1990; Steuer et al., 1990). Several monoclonal antibodies that recogniz ...
... rein, designated CENP-D, has been identified also using the autoimmune sera (Kingwell and Rattner, 1987). Recently, it has been suggested that a motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein, takes part in centromere function (Pfarr et al., 1990; Steuer et al., 1990). Several monoclonal antibodies that recogniz ...
Chicken Acidic Leucine-rich EGF-like Domain Containing Brain
... outgrowth and pathfinding of axons, and the establishment of synaptic connections. One form of cell communication involves the release of molecules termed trophic or tropic factors. One class of proteins that are released and display mitogenic and differentiation-inducing properties in the nervous s ...
... outgrowth and pathfinding of axons, and the establishment of synaptic connections. One form of cell communication involves the release of molecules termed trophic or tropic factors. One class of proteins that are released and display mitogenic and differentiation-inducing properties in the nervous s ...
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the
... Company et al., 2011; Petersen et al., 2011; Sayavedra et al., 2015). The fact that the symbionts are uncultivable as yet and the mussels can only be maintained temporarily under controlled laboratory conditions (Kádár et al., 2005) has rendered detailed physiological investigations difficult. We th ...
... Company et al., 2011; Petersen et al., 2011; Sayavedra et al., 2015). The fact that the symbionts are uncultivable as yet and the mussels can only be maintained temporarily under controlled laboratory conditions (Kádár et al., 2005) has rendered detailed physiological investigations difficult. We th ...
Natural sequence variants of yeast environmental sensors confer
... (e.g., with either low or high trait values) without necessarily changing the mean trait value of all carriers. A PTL may also change the transition rate between two phenotypic states without modifying the overall proportion of individuals being in one state at a given time. Note that many QTLs have ...
... (e.g., with either low or high trait values) without necessarily changing the mean trait value of all carriers. A PTL may also change the transition rate between two phenotypic states without modifying the overall proportion of individuals being in one state at a given time. Note that many QTLs have ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... cortical MTs were mostly about 90 nm apart. Here, it is worth recalling observations on insect ovarian cells which had been caused to express two different mammalian MT-associated proteins, MAP2 and tau (46). When the cells expressed MAP2, the distance (as seen in cross-sections) between MTs in the ...
... cortical MTs were mostly about 90 nm apart. Here, it is worth recalling observations on insect ovarian cells which had been caused to express two different mammalian MT-associated proteins, MAP2 and tau (46). When the cells expressed MAP2, the distance (as seen in cross-sections) between MTs in the ...
Drosophila follicle cells are patterned by multiple
... Taken together, these data suggest that distinctions in both the strength of signaling via the Notch pathway and the temporal sequence of pathway activation contribute to distinct cell-fate outcomes within the population of anterior follicle cells during early Drosophila oogenesis. Delta levels dete ...
... Taken together, these data suggest that distinctions in both the strength of signaling via the Notch pathway and the temporal sequence of pathway activation contribute to distinct cell-fate outcomes within the population of anterior follicle cells during early Drosophila oogenesis. Delta levels dete ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that have long been known for their role in energy production. However, they also serve many additional roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis by governing cellular signaling pathways such as programmed cell death, cellular differentiation and aging. ...
... Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that have long been known for their role in energy production. However, they also serve many additional roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis by governing cellular signaling pathways such as programmed cell death, cellular differentiation and aging. ...
Stringent Response Changes Cell Membrane Permeability in
... lowest antibiotic concentration which inhibited bacterial growth. Carbohydrate permeability assays. Standard curves for each carbohydrate, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (NBC, 4024), D-sucrose (Sigma, S0389) and dextran T2000 (BDH, 38015) were plotted to correlate absorbance with sugar concentrations using a phe ...
... lowest antibiotic concentration which inhibited bacterial growth. Carbohydrate permeability assays. Standard curves for each carbohydrate, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (NBC, 4024), D-sucrose (Sigma, S0389) and dextran T2000 (BDH, 38015) were plotted to correlate absorbance with sugar concentrations using a phe ...
Systems‐based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals
... experimental conditions: short-day conditions with optimal soil water content and constant reduced soil water conditions. We found that the lower soil water potential led to reduced, but prolonged, growth and an adaptation at the molecular level without a drought stress response. Clustering of the p ...
... experimental conditions: short-day conditions with optimal soil water content and constant reduced soil water conditions. We found that the lower soil water potential led to reduced, but prolonged, growth and an adaptation at the molecular level without a drought stress response. Clustering of the p ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
Near-UV-induced absorbance change and
... subtracting the curve recorded in irradiated cells from the curve of intact control cells. Ascorbate and a-tocopherol were used as radical scavengers. a-Tocopherol was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran/DMSO (1: 1, v/v) and added to the yeast suspension at a final concentration of 1'/o. After incubation a ...
... subtracting the curve recorded in irradiated cells from the curve of intact control cells. Ascorbate and a-tocopherol were used as radical scavengers. a-Tocopherol was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran/DMSO (1: 1, v/v) and added to the yeast suspension at a final concentration of 1'/o. After incubation a ...
The caspase-cleaved DAP5 protein supports internal ribosome entry
... the translation of a reporter gene in dying cells, whereas the cap-dependent translation mode is abrogated severely. These IRESs are referred to in this work as ‘‘death IRESs,’’ because they maintain their translation rate in the dying cell. What molecular mechanisms underlie the switch from capdepe ...
... the translation of a reporter gene in dying cells, whereas the cap-dependent translation mode is abrogated severely. These IRESs are referred to in this work as ‘‘death IRESs,’’ because they maintain their translation rate in the dying cell. What molecular mechanisms underlie the switch from capdepe ...
BIOMOLECULES: INTRODUCTION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... Flavoproteins: Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavine dinucleotide (FAD) are two most common prosthetic groups derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2). Very firm association of FMN and FAD with certain proteins, generally enzymes, results in the formation of flavoproteins. Glycolic acid oxidase and li ...
... Flavoproteins: Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavine dinucleotide (FAD) are two most common prosthetic groups derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2). Very firm association of FMN and FAD with certain proteins, generally enzymes, results in the formation of flavoproteins. Glycolic acid oxidase and li ...
Cell types
... Trichomes are very active cells. In stamen hairs of Tradescantia, it is easy to see this activity. The cellular components move around the cell in strands of cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is in strands that move around the vacuole near the outside of the cell along the cell wall. ...
... Trichomes are very active cells. In stamen hairs of Tradescantia, it is easy to see this activity. The cellular components move around the cell in strands of cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is in strands that move around the vacuole near the outside of the cell along the cell wall. ...
The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1
... SPA1 acts in phloem and mesophyll tissues to regulate leaf expansion The spa3 spa4 double mutant, with functional SPA1, has larger leaves than the spa1 spa3 spa4 triple mutant, indicating that SPA1 plays a significant role in leaf expansion (Fittinghoff et al., 2006; Laubinger et al., 2004) (Fig. 4A ...
... SPA1 acts in phloem and mesophyll tissues to regulate leaf expansion The spa3 spa4 double mutant, with functional SPA1, has larger leaves than the spa1 spa3 spa4 triple mutant, indicating that SPA1 plays a significant role in leaf expansion (Fittinghoff et al., 2006; Laubinger et al., 2004) (Fig. 4A ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.