The dendritic cell side of the immunological synapse
... secretion from the T cells (37) and may facilitate development of effector cells and long-lived memory T cells (39, 40). The third phase is required for the development of T follicular helper cells (47). This corresponds with in vitro studies showing that activation of helper T cells by DCs does not ...
... secretion from the T cells (37) and may facilitate development of effector cells and long-lived memory T cells (39, 40). The third phase is required for the development of T follicular helper cells (47). This corresponds with in vitro studies showing that activation of helper T cells by DCs does not ...
as PDF
... L-Ascorbic acid (AA), commonly known as vitamin C, is considered one of the organism’s most powerful antioxidant agents due to its capacity to donate two electrons from its double link, that of positions two and three; thus, it interacts with the FR, blocking their harmful effect. The human body is ...
... L-Ascorbic acid (AA), commonly known as vitamin C, is considered one of the organism’s most powerful antioxidant agents due to its capacity to donate two electrons from its double link, that of positions two and three; thus, it interacts with the FR, blocking their harmful effect. The human body is ...
A REVIEW ON INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK Review Article MURUGESH SHIVASHANKAR*
... PEGM/chitosan mixed solution was obtained by mechanical stirring for 2 h. To this was added 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (0.45 wt% based on the weight of PEGM) and 5×10-5 mol of glutaraldehyde under agitation. The mixed solution was poured into a circular glass mould and was maintained at ro ...
... PEGM/chitosan mixed solution was obtained by mechanical stirring for 2 h. To this was added 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (0.45 wt% based on the weight of PEGM) and 5×10-5 mol of glutaraldehyde under agitation. The mixed solution was poured into a circular glass mould and was maintained at ro ...
Drac1 and Crumbs in amnioserosa morphogenesis
... contractile apparatus in the belief that these might also be contributing to cell shape change in the amnioserosa. In addition to F-actin and myosin, phosphotyrosine-rich structures are found at the leading edge and may contribute to the assembly and/or function of the actomyosin contractile apparat ...
... contractile apparatus in the belief that these might also be contributing to cell shape change in the amnioserosa. In addition to F-actin and myosin, phosphotyrosine-rich structures are found at the leading edge and may contribute to the assembly and/or function of the actomyosin contractile apparat ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... and washed three times with fresh WHS and then fixed in 0.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1.5 % paraformaldehyde (EMS) in a microtubule stabilizing buffer (MtbSB) containing 50 mM PIPES, 2 mM EGTA and 2 mM MgSO4 ( pH 6.9) at room temperature for 30 min. The cells were then washed three times in MtbSB. A dens ...
... and washed three times with fresh WHS and then fixed in 0.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1.5 % paraformaldehyde (EMS) in a microtubule stabilizing buffer (MtbSB) containing 50 mM PIPES, 2 mM EGTA and 2 mM MgSO4 ( pH 6.9) at room temperature for 30 min. The cells were then washed three times in MtbSB. A dens ...
Glucose-6-phosphate Metabolic Preferential Destinations
... generated from another source, besides HK, since its activity is low. Classically glycogen degradation could be useful as an alternative source of G6P. Our results also indicate that G6P generated in the oviduct’s anterior portion by glycogen degradation could be preferably mobilized to supply the p ...
... generated from another source, besides HK, since its activity is low. Classically glycogen degradation could be useful as an alternative source of G6P. Our results also indicate that G6P generated in the oviduct’s anterior portion by glycogen degradation could be preferably mobilized to supply the p ...
Non-equilibration of hydrostatic pressure in blebbing cells Guillaume T. Charras
... blebs as reporters of local pressure in the cytoplasm. When we locally perfuse blebbing cells with cortex-relaxing drugs to dissipate pressure on one side, blebbing continues on the untreated side, implying non-equilibration of pressure on scales of approximately 10 mm and 10 s. We can account for l ...
... blebs as reporters of local pressure in the cytoplasm. When we locally perfuse blebbing cells with cortex-relaxing drugs to dissipate pressure on one side, blebbing continues on the untreated side, implying non-equilibration of pressure on scales of approximately 10 mm and 10 s. We can account for l ...
p-Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport of a Fluorescent Rapamycin
... ATPases found in tumor cells, normal cells and also in excretory epithelia (kidney and liver). By mediating active drug efflux from cells and from the body they play a major role in determining drug concentrations reaching sensitive sites on cell surfaces and within cells. Along with drug-metabolizi ...
... ATPases found in tumor cells, normal cells and also in excretory epithelia (kidney and liver). By mediating active drug efflux from cells and from the body they play a major role in determining drug concentrations reaching sensitive sites on cell surfaces and within cells. Along with drug-metabolizi ...
Expression of Multiple Artificial MicroRNAs from a Chicken miRNA126-Based Lentiviral Vector
... or organisms by direct delivery of synthetic oligonucleotides [3]. shRNA and miRNA can also be introduced into cells or organisms by expression vectors. To date, the most widely used vectors are retrovirus-based because of their transduction efficiency and stable and long-term expression of shRNA or ...
... or organisms by direct delivery of synthetic oligonucleotides [3]. shRNA and miRNA can also be introduced into cells or organisms by expression vectors. To date, the most widely used vectors are retrovirus-based because of their transduction efficiency and stable and long-term expression of shRNA or ...
Chapter 5 Lodish 6E
... protein resulted in an even greater reduction of virus titer compared to transfection with siRNA to both p24 and p25. One possible explanation is that transfection with both either siRNA-p24 or siRNA-p25 leads to a reduction but not a complete elimination of cell surface receptors for the virus, whe ...
... protein resulted in an even greater reduction of virus titer compared to transfection with siRNA to both p24 and p25. One possible explanation is that transfection with both either siRNA-p24 or siRNA-p25 leads to a reduction but not a complete elimination of cell surface receptors for the virus, whe ...
Expression of the papillomavirus E2 protein in HeLa cells leads to
... (Androphy et al., 1987; Dostatni et al., 1988; McBride et al., 1989). Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) has been studied extensively as a model for papillomavirus replication, transcription and cell transformation. Viral gene expression is controlled by seven promoters, four of which are activate ...
... (Androphy et al., 1987; Dostatni et al., 1988; McBride et al., 1989). Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) has been studied extensively as a model for papillomavirus replication, transcription and cell transformation. Viral gene expression is controlled by seven promoters, four of which are activate ...
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Human PDL Cell
... interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and osteoclast differentiation factor all have roles in orthodontic tooth movement, with IL-1 having the most important role as it stimulates osteoclast function (Krishnan, 2006). IL-1, with its two isoforms IL-1α and IL-1β, is a pro infl ...
... interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and osteoclast differentiation factor all have roles in orthodontic tooth movement, with IL-1 having the most important role as it stimulates osteoclast function (Krishnan, 2006). IL-1, with its two isoforms IL-1α and IL-1β, is a pro infl ...
Molecular Regulation of Vascular Cambium Identity and Activity
... Plants constantly grow and repetitively initiate new structures during the development thanks to the activity of meristems, which harbor and protect the stem cell populations located in the different parts of the plant body (Evert, 2006a). Plant stem cells, or the “meristematic cells” or the “initia ...
... Plants constantly grow and repetitively initiate new structures during the development thanks to the activity of meristems, which harbor and protect the stem cell populations located in the different parts of the plant body (Evert, 2006a). Plant stem cells, or the “meristematic cells” or the “initia ...
Decreased Lysosomal Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase I Fibroblasts
... critically, has suggested that the primary error might also be expressed in other organ systems (1). For example, circulating erythrocytes from DMD patients have recently been studied to test the hypothesis that the primary lesion in DMD involves a generalized defect in the structure and function of ...
... critically, has suggested that the primary error might also be expressed in other organ systems (1). For example, circulating erythrocytes from DMD patients have recently been studied to test the hypothesis that the primary lesion in DMD involves a generalized defect in the structure and function of ...
Characterization of Citrate Transport through the Plasma Membrane
... H+-ATPase activities in the plasma membrane To further characterize the mechanism of citrate efflux of IPG cells, we compared plasma membrane H+-ATPase activities between IPG and WT cells. First, we compared a series of marker enzyme activities in the microsomes. The activities of Cyt-c oxidase, a m ...
... H+-ATPase activities in the plasma membrane To further characterize the mechanism of citrate efflux of IPG cells, we compared plasma membrane H+-ATPase activities between IPG and WT cells. First, we compared a series of marker enzyme activities in the microsomes. The activities of Cyt-c oxidase, a m ...
PDF - Michael N. Brown, MD, DC
... may also be seen in conjunction with radial collateral ligament instability and pathology that may also need to be addressed if treatment is going to be successful. The thing that makes this more complex is that first there are several tendons in addition to the ECRB tendon that can be involved. An ...
... may also be seen in conjunction with radial collateral ligament instability and pathology that may also need to be addressed if treatment is going to be successful. The thing that makes this more complex is that first there are several tendons in addition to the ECRB tendon that can be involved. An ...
Htr2a-Expressing Cells in the Central Amygdala Control
... and learned fears are controlled by synergistic mechanisms, administration of drugs that inhibit either fear mechanism is expected to alleviate advanced abnormal fear emotion. However, if both fears are controlled by antagonistic mechanisms, drugs that alleviate only one fear can aggravate the other ...
... and learned fears are controlled by synergistic mechanisms, administration of drugs that inhibit either fear mechanism is expected to alleviate advanced abnormal fear emotion. However, if both fears are controlled by antagonistic mechanisms, drugs that alleviate only one fear can aggravate the other ...
Aerobic Fermentation and the Depletion of the Amino Acid Pool in
... T o the cell suspension was added 0.5 ml of an appropriate concentration of glucose or galactose or 0.5 ml of distilled water for cells to which no exogenous substrate was to be added. T h e sugar concentrations listed in the text and on the graphs are the final concentrations in the cell suspension ...
... T o the cell suspension was added 0.5 ml of an appropriate concentration of glucose or galactose or 0.5 ml of distilled water for cells to which no exogenous substrate was to be added. T h e sugar concentrations listed in the text and on the graphs are the final concentrations in the cell suspension ...
Changes in Pectin Structure during Epidermal Cell Elongation in
... be controlled by the extent of pectic gel. The extent of pectin methylesterification differs between cell walls of elongating cells, in which the pectins are relatively highly esterified, and cell walls of non-elongating cells, where the pectins are relatively unesterified (Asamizu et al. 1984, Gold ...
... be controlled by the extent of pectic gel. The extent of pectin methylesterification differs between cell walls of elongating cells, in which the pectins are relatively highly esterified, and cell walls of non-elongating cells, where the pectins are relatively unesterified (Asamizu et al. 1984, Gold ...
Expression of Efflux Transporters in Human Ocular Tissues
... of recombinant plasmids by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm, and purity was confirmed using a 260/280 nm ratio. The plasmid copy number was calculated using the following formula: molecules ml21 = (A 6.022 1023) (660 B)-1, where A is the plasmid concentration (g ml21), B is the plasmid lengt ...
... of recombinant plasmids by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm, and purity was confirmed using a 260/280 nm ratio. The plasmid copy number was calculated using the following formula: molecules ml21 = (A 6.022 1023) (660 B)-1, where A is the plasmid concentration (g ml21), B is the plasmid lengt ...
editable version
... mechanical means of delivering that solution to the wound. 2. Wound irrigation is an acceptable method of wound cleaning. (See Integumentary- Wound Irrigation). 3. The benefits of obtaining a clean wound must be weighed against the potential trauma to the wound bed as a result of such cleansing. Rou ...
... mechanical means of delivering that solution to the wound. 2. Wound irrigation is an acceptable method of wound cleaning. (See Integumentary- Wound Irrigation). 3. The benefits of obtaining a clean wound must be weighed against the potential trauma to the wound bed as a result of such cleansing. Rou ...
MERCURY-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY: GENETICS AND IMMUNOREGULATION Doctorial Thesis from the Department of Immunology
... to distinguish self from nonself. To efficiently protect the host from invading pathogens, both adaptive and innate mechanisms have evolved. These mechanisms involve self-nonself discrimination and it has been suggested that this self-nonself distinction has served as a driving force in the evolutio ...
... to distinguish self from nonself. To efficiently protect the host from invading pathogens, both adaptive and innate mechanisms have evolved. These mechanisms involve self-nonself discrimination and it has been suggested that this self-nonself distinction has served as a driving force in the evolutio ...
Lesson Overview
... Many protists have complex sexual life cycles in which they alternate between a diploid and a haploid phase, a process known as alternation of generations. ...
... Many protists have complex sexual life cycles in which they alternate between a diploid and a haploid phase, a process known as alternation of generations. ...
Gram stain reagents - Bakersfield College
... Microbes are invisible to the naked eye and difficult to see and identify even when using a microscope. A simple stain visualizes the microorganisms; a differential stain displays the chemical differences in cellular structures, including the cell wall and cell membrane because the macromolecules wi ...
... Microbes are invisible to the naked eye and difficult to see and identify even when using a microscope. A simple stain visualizes the microorganisms; a differential stain displays the chemical differences in cellular structures, including the cell wall and cell membrane because the macromolecules wi ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.