Selecting B cells and plasma cells to memory
... determined by their affinity for the respective antigen and their survival potency, which is determined by the expression of genes that mediate survival signals and prevent apoptosis (Fig. 1). Inside and outside of “niches” providing the essential survival signals, the phenotype of such B cells may ...
... determined by their affinity for the respective antigen and their survival potency, which is determined by the expression of genes that mediate survival signals and prevent apoptosis (Fig. 1). Inside and outside of “niches” providing the essential survival signals, the phenotype of such B cells may ...
An Immortalized Myocyte Cell Line, HL-1, Expresses a Functional
... [3H]bremazocine binding. This is contrary to previous findings that this ligand does bind to cardiac membranes.7,8,22 The difference may be attributable to species differences (rat v mouse) or indeed may be due to the fact that we are using an immortalized myocyte cell line. In addition, the standar ...
... [3H]bremazocine binding. This is contrary to previous findings that this ligand does bind to cardiac membranes.7,8,22 The difference may be attributable to species differences (rat v mouse) or indeed may be due to the fact that we are using an immortalized myocyte cell line. In addition, the standar ...
Plant hormones and phototropism
... Auxin is transported unidirectionally when a shoot is exposed to light from one direction only. Along this pathway, the hormone enters a cell at the lighted end, exits at the shaded end, diffuses across the wall, and enters the next cell. A pH difference between the cell wall (acidic at about pH 5) ...
... Auxin is transported unidirectionally when a shoot is exposed to light from one direction only. Along this pathway, the hormone enters a cell at the lighted end, exits at the shaded end, diffuses across the wall, and enters the next cell. A pH difference between the cell wall (acidic at about pH 5) ...
3 Chapter 3
... 3.2 Opening Questions: What are you really made of? • Did you know that scientists estimate that only maybe one in 10 of the cells in your body are actually human! The rest are largely prokaryote cells. These good bacteria help us digest food, synthesize ...
... 3.2 Opening Questions: What are you really made of? • Did you know that scientists estimate that only maybe one in 10 of the cells in your body are actually human! The rest are largely prokaryote cells. These good bacteria help us digest food, synthesize ...
IL-10 transcription is negatively regulated by BAF180, a component
... the hydrolysis of ATP to changes in chromatin structure. SWI/SNF, Mi2, ISWI, and other ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes are classified into subfamilies based upon homology of the ATPase subunit [4,19,20]. These remodeling enzymes appear to both activate and repress gene expression [4,21-25]. SWI/SNF ...
... the hydrolysis of ATP to changes in chromatin structure. SWI/SNF, Mi2, ISWI, and other ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes are classified into subfamilies based upon homology of the ATPase subunit [4,19,20]. These remodeling enzymes appear to both activate and repress gene expression [4,21-25]. SWI/SNF ...
The Organization Pattern of Root Border
... attached to each other rather than completely detached from each other, as is usually observed in border cells of many species. Unlike border cells, cell attachment between border-like cells is maintained after their release into the external environment. To investigate the role of cell wall polysac ...
... attached to each other rather than completely detached from each other, as is usually observed in border cells of many species. Unlike border cells, cell attachment between border-like cells is maintained after their release into the external environment. To investigate the role of cell wall polysac ...
Replication and morphogenesis of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus
... and 96hp.i. (Fig. 2b to d). The outer membrane complex appeared to be composed of a unit membrane (Fig. 2d), with distinct subunits, undergoing differentiation. The area between the core and the outer membrane, shown in Fig. 2 (c), may be the site of lateral body development. Similar membrane struct ...
... and 96hp.i. (Fig. 2b to d). The outer membrane complex appeared to be composed of a unit membrane (Fig. 2d), with distinct subunits, undergoing differentiation. The area between the core and the outer membrane, shown in Fig. 2 (c), may be the site of lateral body development. Similar membrane struct ...
- University of East Anglia
... Hamilton (HH) stage 3 (Garcia-Martinez and Schoenwolf, 1993; Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951; Rosenquist, 1970). In the chick, a simple, contractile heart tube forms by HH stage 10, which is after approximately 48 hours of development. The specification of prospective cardiac cells occurs concomitantly ...
... Hamilton (HH) stage 3 (Garcia-Martinez and Schoenwolf, 1993; Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951; Rosenquist, 1970). In the chick, a simple, contractile heart tube forms by HH stage 10, which is after approximately 48 hours of development. The specification of prospective cardiac cells occurs concomitantly ...
Early Development of Vertebrates
... Mouse Rotational cleavage: formation of the blastocyst Implantation & formation of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues ...
... Mouse Rotational cleavage: formation of the blastocyst Implantation & formation of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues ...
PDF
... outgrowths after fixation and staining indicated that results based on the two methods do not differ significantly (7 = 1-56, d.f. = 20, P > 0-10). Consequently, nuclear counts were performed by phase-contrast microscopy at 12 h intervals on each individual explant. Giant-cell nuclei were recognized ...
... outgrowths after fixation and staining indicated that results based on the two methods do not differ significantly (7 = 1-56, d.f. = 20, P > 0-10). Consequently, nuclear counts were performed by phase-contrast microscopy at 12 h intervals on each individual explant. Giant-cell nuclei were recognized ...
Exosome-Depleted FBS Using Beckman Coulter Centrifugation:
... of the process. In this process, large volumes of FBS can easily be centrifuged at high speeds to eliminate native extracellular vesicles typically in an overnight spin. However, there are also commercially available products which have pre-conditioned the media to be depleted of exosomes and other ...
... of the process. In this process, large volumes of FBS can easily be centrifuged at high speeds to eliminate native extracellular vesicles typically in an overnight spin. However, there are also commercially available products which have pre-conditioned the media to be depleted of exosomes and other ...
cell behaviour during active cell rearrangement: evidence and
... are the initial stage of a rapid translocation of the cell (Fig. 4) in which the protrusion is extended continuously, the cell moves forward rapidly (up to 25.um min -I) by rapid flow of the cell body into the leading protrusion, and the cell insinuates itself between its neighbours with apparent ea ...
... are the initial stage of a rapid translocation of the cell (Fig. 4) in which the protrusion is extended continuously, the cell moves forward rapidly (up to 25.um min -I) by rapid flow of the cell body into the leading protrusion, and the cell insinuates itself between its neighbours with apparent ea ...
Transport across membrane 3 - E-Learning/An
... function through conformational change = shape change ...
... function through conformational change = shape change ...
AP Biology Chapter 20 Biotechnology Guided Notes
... Gel Electrophoresis and Southern Blotting • One indirect method of rapidly analyzing and comparing genomes is ___________________ • This technique uses a gel as a _______________ to separate nucleic acids or proteins by ______ ___________________, and other properties • A ________________ is applie ...
... Gel Electrophoresis and Southern Blotting • One indirect method of rapidly analyzing and comparing genomes is ___________________ • This technique uses a gel as a _______________ to separate nucleic acids or proteins by ______ ___________________, and other properties • A ________________ is applie ...
MAKEUP: Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
... Iodine: Dietary iodine 500μg /day (min requirement 120-150μ/day) - Converted to iodide for absorption I- actively transported into follicular cells in thyroid gland - Called iodine trapping - Concentrates I- to 30 x blood conc. **iodide pump activity ↑with TSH, ↓with perchlorate/SCN- ions** I oxidis ...
... Iodine: Dietary iodine 500μg /day (min requirement 120-150μ/day) - Converted to iodide for absorption I- actively transported into follicular cells in thyroid gland - Called iodine trapping - Concentrates I- to 30 x blood conc. **iodide pump activity ↑with TSH, ↓with perchlorate/SCN- ions** I oxidis ...
PDF
... treated 18-day-old tooth germs. Furthermore, in explants in which the cuspal odontoblasts had been allowed to differentiate over 2 days of culture prior to DON addition, differentiation proceeded only in the cuspal area, and the boundary with the undifferentiated more cervical area was clear-cut. In ...
... treated 18-day-old tooth germs. Furthermore, in explants in which the cuspal odontoblasts had been allowed to differentiate over 2 days of culture prior to DON addition, differentiation proceeded only in the cuspal area, and the boundary with the undifferentiated more cervical area was clear-cut. In ...
Mutants of the Membrane-binding Region of Semliki Forest Virus E2
... To construct pSFd, the origin of replication of the phage FI was isolated from pD4 (l l) as an EcoRl fragment, and the ends were filled in and then ligated into pS-S-SFV at the PvulI site. One of the two EcoRl sites was recreated (see Fig. 2 a). Wild-type pS-S-SFV has been described elsewhere (27). ...
... To construct pSFd, the origin of replication of the phage FI was isolated from pD4 (l l) as an EcoRl fragment, and the ends were filled in and then ligated into pS-S-SFV at the PvulI site. One of the two EcoRl sites was recreated (see Fig. 2 a). Wild-type pS-S-SFV has been described elsewhere (27). ...
II. EFFECTS OF ANTI-Ia SERA ON MITOGENIC RESPONSES
... It was previously reported t h a t pretreatment of splenic lymphoid cells with anti-Ia serum without complement inhibited the in vitro humoral response to heterologous erythrocytes and the proliferative response to LPS (15, 16). Similar pretreatment of spleen cells with anti-Ia serum without complem ...
... It was previously reported t h a t pretreatment of splenic lymphoid cells with anti-Ia serum without complement inhibited the in vitro humoral response to heterologous erythrocytes and the proliferative response to LPS (15, 16). Similar pretreatment of spleen cells with anti-Ia serum without complem ...
An lmmunohistochemical and Quantitative Examination of Dorsal
... sizing. Figure 2 shows the size distribution of the total neuronal population of L6 DRG. It has a roughly bimodal form, and it is known from the work of a number of previous workers (see Lawson, 1979) that there is a small cell population with a size range from about 15 to 35 pm in diameter and with ...
... sizing. Figure 2 shows the size distribution of the total neuronal population of L6 DRG. It has a roughly bimodal form, and it is known from the work of a number of previous workers (see Lawson, 1979) that there is a small cell population with a size range from about 15 to 35 pm in diameter and with ...
Cell Communication Chapter 11
... Response: Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities •The cell’s response to an extracellular signal is sometimes called the “output response” ...
... Response: Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities •The cell’s response to an extracellular signal is sometimes called the “output response” ...
A Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis Toward the
... 2003). However, the mechanism of cytokinesis in plants differs completely from that of both animals and fungi (Criqui and Genschik 2002). Thus, many genes involved in plant cytokinesis cannot be predicted from the comparison of genomic data of plants and other organisms. To date, several plant-speci ...
... 2003). However, the mechanism of cytokinesis in plants differs completely from that of both animals and fungi (Criqui and Genschik 2002). Thus, many genes involved in plant cytokinesis cannot be predicted from the comparison of genomic data of plants and other organisms. To date, several plant-speci ...
Membrane trafficking in Drosophila wing and eye development
... The adult Drosophila eye consists of an array of approximately 800 ommatidial units. Each ommatidium contains eight photoreceptor cells and four cone cells and a number of support cells. The photoreceptors are arranged in a trapezoidal array with their apical surfaces facing the interior of the stru ...
... The adult Drosophila eye consists of an array of approximately 800 ommatidial units. Each ommatidium contains eight photoreceptor cells and four cone cells and a number of support cells. The photoreceptors are arranged in a trapezoidal array with their apical surfaces facing the interior of the stru ...
Actin in plants
... narrows as in-furrowing proceeds - clearly inviting comparison with the contractile ring of animal cytokinesis. No specific mention is made of how the ring of actin relates to the central algal phragmoplast. However, since F-actin is reportedly present in a ring "until the cell is finally divided in ...
... narrows as in-furrowing proceeds - clearly inviting comparison with the contractile ring of animal cytokinesis. No specific mention is made of how the ring of actin relates to the central algal phragmoplast. However, since F-actin is reportedly present in a ring "until the cell is finally divided in ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.