Single Molecule approach to molecular biology in living
... particular mRNA has only a few copies owing to the short cellular mRNA lifetime. Although the copy number for a particular protein varies from 1 to 104 , some important proteins such as transcription factors and DNA polymerases are present at low copy numbers. This necessitates single-molecule sensi ...
... particular mRNA has only a few copies owing to the short cellular mRNA lifetime. Although the copy number for a particular protein varies from 1 to 104 , some important proteins such as transcription factors and DNA polymerases are present at low copy numbers. This necessitates single-molecule sensi ...
Arsenic Content in the Soil of Waco Wetlands
... been the release of arsenic ader the death of plants, or microbial acJvity. In cell three, the arsenic levels with and without plants are extremely different. The without plants soil s ...
... been the release of arsenic ader the death of plants, or microbial acJvity. In cell three, the arsenic levels with and without plants are extremely different. The without plants soil s ...
Emerging LCDs Based on the Kerr Effect - Prof. Shin
... on-state voltage drops from ~40 Vrms at K = K1 to ~ 12.5 Vrms by ~3.2X at K = 10K1. According to Eq. (1), we can estimate the operating voltage from the following relation: V1 / V2 ≈ K2 / K1 . To reduce the driving voltage, an LC material with a higher Kerr constant, birefringence, and dielectric a ...
... on-state voltage drops from ~40 Vrms at K = K1 to ~ 12.5 Vrms by ~3.2X at K = 10K1. According to Eq. (1), we can estimate the operating voltage from the following relation: V1 / V2 ≈ K2 / K1 . To reduce the driving voltage, an LC material with a higher Kerr constant, birefringence, and dielectric a ...
CD44 Mediated Endocytosis of Hyaluronan by Chondrocytes
... with an siRNA directed against CD44 or control siRNA. Following transfection, the cells were cultured with or without IL-1 for 72 hours. As shown in Fig 2, the protein level of CD44 was inhibited by the CD44 siRNA. Interestingly, accumulation of intracellular ITEGE bands was also coordinately dimini ...
... with an siRNA directed against CD44 or control siRNA. Following transfection, the cells were cultured with or without IL-1 for 72 hours. As shown in Fig 2, the protein level of CD44 was inhibited by the CD44 siRNA. Interestingly, accumulation of intracellular ITEGE bands was also coordinately dimini ...
4327
... compartments in the secretory and the endocytic pathways (Bloom and Goldstein, 1998). In addition, microtubules control the movement of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes and the steady state distribution of the ER, the Golgi apparatus, endosomes and lysosomes. Actin filaments also appe ...
... compartments in the secretory and the endocytic pathways (Bloom and Goldstein, 1998). In addition, microtubules control the movement of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes and the steady state distribution of the ER, the Golgi apparatus, endosomes and lysosomes. Actin filaments also appe ...
PDF
... adipocytes. However, the mechanisms responsible for the formation of adipocytes during development and the molecular mechanisms regulating their increase and maintenance in adulthood are poorly understood. Here, we report the use of leptinluciferase BAC transgenic mice to track white adipose tissue ...
... adipocytes. However, the mechanisms responsible for the formation of adipocytes during development and the molecular mechanisms regulating their increase and maintenance in adulthood are poorly understood. Here, we report the use of leptinluciferase BAC transgenic mice to track white adipose tissue ...
Depletion of MOM1 in nondividing cells of
... by the utilization of its temperature-sensitive form or its overexpression can alter the silencing status of the mat loci in the interphase or on excised, non-replicating DNA molecules (Miller and Nasmyth, 1984; Cheng and Gartenberg, 2000). Chemical inhibition of SIR2 activity resulted in similar al ...
... by the utilization of its temperature-sensitive form or its overexpression can alter the silencing status of the mat loci in the interphase or on excised, non-replicating DNA molecules (Miller and Nasmyth, 1984; Cheng and Gartenberg, 2000). Chemical inhibition of SIR2 activity resulted in similar al ...
Lopez_Chapter_6_organelles
... compartmentalize their functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cel ...
... compartmentalize their functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cel ...
bacteria basics
... distracted by social conversations or other difficulties. I textbook and other resources to solve problems and might have finished but just barely. achieve the goal(s) of this lab. 1: I put very little effort into this lab and spent a lot of 1: I asked for help as soon a ...
... distracted by social conversations or other difficulties. I textbook and other resources to solve problems and might have finished but just barely. achieve the goal(s) of this lab. 1: I put very little effort into this lab and spent a lot of 1: I asked for help as soon a ...
The mystery of aging and rejuvenation—a budding topic
... caused by a previous collapse in vacuolar pH control [38]; a means of mitochondrial breakdown that does not, presumably, act through accumulated mtDNA mutations. Regardless of the mechanisms involved, it appears essential to keep mitochondria in pristine shape to ensure longevity. However, if miti ...
... caused by a previous collapse in vacuolar pH control [38]; a means of mitochondrial breakdown that does not, presumably, act through accumulated mtDNA mutations. Regardless of the mechanisms involved, it appears essential to keep mitochondria in pristine shape to ensure longevity. However, if miti ...
Lecture 07, Fungi - Cal State LA
... molecules into simpler organic molecules - Fungi and bacteria are important decomposers, recycling carbon and other nutrients Biogeochemistry – the (re-)cycling of key elements O, C, N, P, S ...
... molecules into simpler organic molecules - Fungi and bacteria are important decomposers, recycling carbon and other nutrients Biogeochemistry – the (re-)cycling of key elements O, C, N, P, S ...
Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function
... gives them a relatively large ratio of surface area to volume, facilitating the transfer of substances. The shapes of cells may vary, and a cell’s shape generally suits its function. • Cells are diverse, but all cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. • Prokaryotic cells are ...
... gives them a relatively large ratio of surface area to volume, facilitating the transfer of substances. The shapes of cells may vary, and a cell’s shape generally suits its function. • Cells are diverse, but all cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. • Prokaryotic cells are ...
Name
... extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs and thermal vents in the ocean floor. Archaebacteria are thought to be some of the oldest life forms on earth. Most bacteria are heterotrophic and don't make their own food. That means they have to rely on other organisms to provide them with food. These ...
... extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs and thermal vents in the ocean floor. Archaebacteria are thought to be some of the oldest life forms on earth. Most bacteria are heterotrophic and don't make their own food. That means they have to rely on other organisms to provide them with food. These ...
Distribution of Furamidine Analogues in Tumor Cells: Targeting of
... specific transporters have been identified recently, such as the adenosine-sensitive pentamidine transporter-1 and the low-affinity pentamidine transporter-1 (9). These transporters can be inhibited by other diamidines including propamidine, berenil, and stilbamidine (Fig. 1), and, therefore, it is ...
... specific transporters have been identified recently, such as the adenosine-sensitive pentamidine transporter-1 and the low-affinity pentamidine transporter-1 (9). These transporters can be inhibited by other diamidines including propamidine, berenil, and stilbamidine (Fig. 1), and, therefore, it is ...
Chapter 5 Gases - Rivermont Collegiate
... – Make and use the organic molecules of life – Consist of one or more cells – Engage in self-sustaining biological processes such as metabolism and homeostasis – Change over their lifetime, for example by growing, maturing, and aging – Use DNA as their hereditary material – Have the collective capac ...
... – Make and use the organic molecules of life – Consist of one or more cells – Engage in self-sustaining biological processes such as metabolism and homeostasis – Change over their lifetime, for example by growing, maturing, and aging – Use DNA as their hereditary material – Have the collective capac ...
The tumor strikes back: New data on expression of the
... partially elucidated signaling cascade (Peter et al, 1996; Schulze-Osthoff et al, 1996; Skowronski et al, 1996) and apoptosis. It is conceivable and, in fact preliminary experiments from the two laboratories would indicate that, as more tumor types will be checked, other death systems such as DR3, T ...
... partially elucidated signaling cascade (Peter et al, 1996; Schulze-Osthoff et al, 1996; Skowronski et al, 1996) and apoptosis. It is conceivable and, in fact preliminary experiments from the two laboratories would indicate that, as more tumor types will be checked, other death systems such as DR3, T ...
Induction of fungal cell wall stress
... family of five 1,3--D-glucan synthase-encoding genes in A. niger. To further study the antifungal activity of Humulus lupulus and Tectona grandis extracts shown in Chapter 3 the mode of action was tested. A transgenic Aspergillus niger is used as a model for the induction of fungal cell wall stress ...
... family of five 1,3--D-glucan synthase-encoding genes in A. niger. To further study the antifungal activity of Humulus lupulus and Tectona grandis extracts shown in Chapter 3 the mode of action was tested. A transgenic Aspergillus niger is used as a model for the induction of fungal cell wall stress ...
Feeling green: mechanosensing in plants
... The MSL gene family The mechanosensitive channels of small (MscS) and large (MscL) conductance represent osmotic safety valves for bacteria [34]. When the bacterium encounters a sudden drop in the osmotic strength of its environment, the channels open, enabling the efflux of solutes to prevent cellu ...
... The MSL gene family The mechanosensitive channels of small (MscS) and large (MscL) conductance represent osmotic safety valves for bacteria [34]. When the bacterium encounters a sudden drop in the osmotic strength of its environment, the channels open, enabling the efflux of solutes to prevent cellu ...
Mitochondrial inheritance is mediated by microtubules in
... that perform diverse cellular functions.1 In addition to providing ATP, mitochondria produce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), buffer cytosolic calcium, produce biosynthetic precursors, play a central role in cell signaling pathways, and initiate cell stress responses, including apoptosis ...
... that perform diverse cellular functions.1 In addition to providing ATP, mitochondria produce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), buffer cytosolic calcium, produce biosynthetic precursors, play a central role in cell signaling pathways, and initiate cell stress responses, including apoptosis ...
Cellular Polarity in Prokaryotic Organisms
... of chromosomes during sporulation (BenYehuda et al. 2003). Because DivIVA polar localization does not appear to be mediated by either FtsZ or a protein involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis (Hamoen and Errington 2003) and expression of a GFP fusion of B. subtilis DivIVA in the fission yeast Sch ...
... of chromosomes during sporulation (BenYehuda et al. 2003). Because DivIVA polar localization does not appear to be mediated by either FtsZ or a protein involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis (Hamoen and Errington 2003) and expression of a GFP fusion of B. subtilis DivIVA in the fission yeast Sch ...
ASXL1 interacts with the cohesin complex to maintain chromatid
... mutations in disease initiation and progression. The ASXL1 gene encodes ASXL1, one of the polycomb group proteins. These proteins are necessary for the maintenance of stable repression of homeotic genes and other gene loci (8–10). We and others have reported that loss of Asxl1 leads to the developme ...
... mutations in disease initiation and progression. The ASXL1 gene encodes ASXL1, one of the polycomb group proteins. These proteins are necessary for the maintenance of stable repression of homeotic genes and other gene loci (8–10). We and others have reported that loss of Asxl1 leads to the developme ...
Developmental plasticity, cell fate specification and morphogenesis
... pellucida after the first cleavage division, it was demonstrated that both 2-cell stage blastomeres contribute to all blastocyst lineages, but they are biased towards contributing more to either an extraembryonic or an embryonic part of the embryo [16–18]. This view was challenged by reports that co ...
... pellucida after the first cleavage division, it was demonstrated that both 2-cell stage blastomeres contribute to all blastocyst lineages, but they are biased towards contributing more to either an extraembryonic or an embryonic part of the embryo [16–18]. This view was challenged by reports that co ...
HLA-G and HLA-E
... of these molecules was the protection of fetal semiallog eneic graft from maternal allorecognition ( ‘pregnanc y sentinels ’). ...
... of these molecules was the protection of fetal semiallog eneic graft from maternal allorecognition ( ‘pregnanc y sentinels ’). ...
Regulation of Cell Cycle
... Serine-threonine kinases-regulate function of proteins by phosphorylation of either Serine (S) or Threonine (T) Both subunits needed for the kinase activity of the complex ...
... Serine-threonine kinases-regulate function of proteins by phosphorylation of either Serine (S) or Threonine (T) Both subunits needed for the kinase activity of the complex ...
To Determine the CCL2 Effect on the Migration of Neural
... The objective of this experiment is to do an in vitro Boyden chamber analysis to determine the CCL2 effect on the migration of neural stem like-cell (NSLC) of glioma. CCL2 (also called MCP-1) is consistently overexpressed in a number of glioma cell lines and in some high grade gliomas in association ...
... The objective of this experiment is to do an in vitro Boyden chamber analysis to determine the CCL2 effect on the migration of neural stem like-cell (NSLC) of glioma. CCL2 (also called MCP-1) is consistently overexpressed in a number of glioma cell lines and in some high grade gliomas in association ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.