Plant-specific mitotic targeting of RanGAP
... The small GTPase Ran is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, spindle formation, nuclear envelope (NE) formation, and cell-cycle control. In vertebrates, these functions are controlled by a three-dimensional gradient of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP, established by the spatial separation of Ran GTPase-activ ...
... The small GTPase Ran is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, spindle formation, nuclear envelope (NE) formation, and cell-cycle control. In vertebrates, these functions are controlled by a three-dimensional gradient of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP, established by the spatial separation of Ran GTPase-activ ...
Bio EOC Study Guide
... • The difference between theories and laws and be able to explain how a theory is developed. • The general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how they are alike and different. • The general structures of plant and animal cells and how plant and animal cells are alike and different. • ...
... • The difference between theories and laws and be able to explain how a theory is developed. • The general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how they are alike and different. • The general structures of plant and animal cells and how plant and animal cells are alike and different. • ...
Study Guide
... 11. How do enveloped viruses and naked viruses enter into animal cells? Enveloped viruses: Endocytosis or membrane fusion Naked viruses: Bond to attachment proteins and endocytosis or eat a hole in the cell membrane. 12. How do animal viruses leave cells? Budding: Similar to exocytosis. A section of ...
... 11. How do enveloped viruses and naked viruses enter into animal cells? Enveloped viruses: Endocytosis or membrane fusion Naked viruses: Bond to attachment proteins and endocytosis or eat a hole in the cell membrane. 12. How do animal viruses leave cells? Budding: Similar to exocytosis. A section of ...
BIOLOGY EOC STUDY GUIDE with Practice Questions
... • The difference between theories and laws and be able to explain how a theory is developed. • The general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how they are alike and different. • The general structures of plant and animal cells and how plant and animal cells are alike and different. • ...
... • The difference between theories and laws and be able to explain how a theory is developed. • The general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how they are alike and different. • The general structures of plant and animal cells and how plant and animal cells are alike and different. • ...
Arrest, Adaptation, and Recovery following a Chromosome Double-strand Break in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
... this induction is necessary for DSB repair is unclear. Indeed, the fact that a normal HO-induced gene conversion at MAT failed to elicit an activation of Rad53p may indicate that efficient repair per se is not dependent on elevated transcription of damage-inducible genes. Nevertheless, it is interes ...
... this induction is necessary for DSB repair is unclear. Indeed, the fact that a normal HO-induced gene conversion at MAT failed to elicit an activation of Rad53p may indicate that efficient repair per se is not dependent on elevated transcription of damage-inducible genes. Nevertheless, it is interes ...
C.Prinz, J.O. Tegenfeldt, R.H. Austin, E.C. Cox, J.C. Sturm, "Bacterial chromosome extraction and isolation," Lab Chip, 2, pp. 207-212 (2002).
... chromatin containing the DNA, the RNA components, organelles in the cell and the proteins in the cytoplasm. This is of course an enormous and difficult task which we are far from accomplishing at present. However, some basic steps have been taken towards this goal and in this paper we present some a ...
... chromatin containing the DNA, the RNA components, organelles in the cell and the proteins in the cytoplasm. This is of course an enormous and difficult task which we are far from accomplishing at present. However, some basic steps have been taken towards this goal and in this paper we present some a ...
Designing the deconstruction of plant cell walls
... spatially and temporally regulated such that gene networks acting in particular cell types may be defined together with master regulatory genes controlling these gene networks. The gene networks that encode the machinery to build and modify walls in bioenergy species are crucial to identify, but pro ...
... spatially and temporally regulated such that gene networks acting in particular cell types may be defined together with master regulatory genes controlling these gene networks. The gene networks that encode the machinery to build and modify walls in bioenergy species are crucial to identify, but pro ...
Boundary formation in the hindbrain
... boundaries [11] (Fig. 1a,b), suggesting a role for Eph-mediated cell sorting in this process. A cell-aggregation assay was used to evaluate mixing between adjacent populations of cells overexpressing combinations of full-length and truncated Eph receptors and ephrins [39] (Fig. 4c). In contrast to t ...
... boundaries [11] (Fig. 1a,b), suggesting a role for Eph-mediated cell sorting in this process. A cell-aggregation assay was used to evaluate mixing between adjacent populations of cells overexpressing combinations of full-length and truncated Eph receptors and ephrins [39] (Fig. 4c). In contrast to t ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
Basal Cell Carcinoma Dan Ladd, D.O and Bill V. Way, D.O.
... neoplasm of keratinocytes with many features one of which is the production of keratin. SCC can be categorized histologically into in situ (intraepidermal) or invasive (penetrating the dermal-epidermal junction). Some examples of in situ SCC include Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat. ...
... neoplasm of keratinocytes with many features one of which is the production of keratin. SCC can be categorized histologically into in situ (intraepidermal) or invasive (penetrating the dermal-epidermal junction). Some examples of in situ SCC include Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat. ...
Retinoic acid receptor alpha drives cell cycle progression and is
... therapeutic targets in PTCL is critical to improving outcomes in this disease. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) is a transcription factor that forms heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR) [4]. These heterodimers bind to DNA motifs known as retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) and regulate ...
... therapeutic targets in PTCL is critical to improving outcomes in this disease. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) is a transcription factor that forms heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR) [4]. These heterodimers bind to DNA motifs known as retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) and regulate ...
Functional analysis of cardiomyocytes carrying mutations in SCN5A
... the end of 2014, Swan and colleagues reported the new point mutation of SCN5A gene. They noticed that this new mutation is connected to the ventricular tachycardia during exercise. (Swan et al. 2014.) Takahashi and Yamanaka published a new way to create pluripotent stem cells by inducing mouse embry ...
... the end of 2014, Swan and colleagues reported the new point mutation of SCN5A gene. They noticed that this new mutation is connected to the ventricular tachycardia during exercise. (Swan et al. 2014.) Takahashi and Yamanaka published a new way to create pluripotent stem cells by inducing mouse embry ...
The Haber–Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity
... oxidized DNA bases will impair DNA function, such bases always exist at some basal level, and cells have numerous repair systems to remove such species (Lindahl and Wood, 1999). However, if they occur at critical sites, or are not quickly repaired, oxidized purines or pyrmidines can cause functional ...
... oxidized DNA bases will impair DNA function, such bases always exist at some basal level, and cells have numerous repair systems to remove such species (Lindahl and Wood, 1999). However, if they occur at critical sites, or are not quickly repaired, oxidized purines or pyrmidines can cause functional ...
Cell Receptor To Promote B Cell Survival R Interacts and
... BCR cross-linking upregulates BAFFR expression, which is one mechanism by which the BCR promotes BAFFR-mediated B cell survival (14–16). To analyze how FcmR expression is regulated, splenic B cells were cultured in the presence of F(ab9)2 anti-IgM Abs, soluble CD40L, or LPS for different times and t ...
... BCR cross-linking upregulates BAFFR expression, which is one mechanism by which the BCR promotes BAFFR-mediated B cell survival (14–16). To analyze how FcmR expression is regulated, splenic B cells were cultured in the presence of F(ab9)2 anti-IgM Abs, soluble CD40L, or LPS for different times and t ...
Cell Membranes Function as Integrative Systems
... Clathrin organizes triskelion structures Triskelion contains three large and three small polypeptide chains Triskelions assemble in a basketlike framework as a convex cage ...
... Clathrin organizes triskelion structures Triskelion contains three large and three small polypeptide chains Triskelions assemble in a basketlike framework as a convex cage ...
Communicating Research to the General Public
... procedure in the lab - observing live cells, shooting movies, playing the movies back, analyzing them and trying to make sense of the data. To me, this was a great way to spend my work day! Making sustained progress in my research was a lot more difficult than I had initially imagined. Living cells ...
... procedure in the lab - observing live cells, shooting movies, playing the movies back, analyzing them and trying to make sense of the data. To me, this was a great way to spend my work day! Making sustained progress in my research was a lot more difficult than I had initially imagined. Living cells ...
Editorial: The many wonders of the bacterial cell surface
... detailed insight into the transport of LPS. The review by Putker and colleagues takes us into a trip across the cell envelope where the structural regions of LPS are synthesized (beginning at the interface of the cytosol and the inner membrane) before being flipped to the periplasm by dedicated tran ...
... detailed insight into the transport of LPS. The review by Putker and colleagues takes us into a trip across the cell envelope where the structural regions of LPS are synthesized (beginning at the interface of the cytosol and the inner membrane) before being flipped to the periplasm by dedicated tran ...
Intercellular adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton
... the PAR complex that allows for the binding of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). JAMs are membrane proteins that facilitate the formation of tight junctions, which are often adjacent to AJs. By generating a scaffold for the formation of a tight junction, the Ecadherin/Cdc42/PAR/aPKC pathway may ...
... the PAR complex that allows for the binding of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). JAMs are membrane proteins that facilitate the formation of tight junctions, which are often adjacent to AJs. By generating a scaffold for the formation of a tight junction, the Ecadherin/Cdc42/PAR/aPKC pathway may ...
The Human Cell Membrane
... cytoplasmic side (Review: Razani & Lisanti, 2001. Exp. Cell Research 271: 36-44). It is likely that the accumulation of many proteins makes the caveolae lipid rafts become evident in the electron microscope. The caveolae have been implicated in the uptake of cholesterol by endocytosis and in the acc ...
... cytoplasmic side (Review: Razani & Lisanti, 2001. Exp. Cell Research 271: 36-44). It is likely that the accumulation of many proteins makes the caveolae lipid rafts become evident in the electron microscope. The caveolae have been implicated in the uptake of cholesterol by endocytosis and in the acc ...
Genetic Regulation of Embryonic Pattern Formation
... maternally expressed genes revealed the majority to have the paternal copy silenced (Vielle-Calzada et al., 2000). However, there also are examples in which both parental copies clearly were not silenced and each contributed to zygotic expression (Springer et al., 1995, 2000; Baroux et al., 2001; We ...
... maternally expressed genes revealed the majority to have the paternal copy silenced (Vielle-Calzada et al., 2000). However, there also are examples in which both parental copies clearly were not silenced and each contributed to zygotic expression (Springer et al., 1995, 2000; Baroux et al., 2001; We ...
phytochromes - IFM
... On receiving the action potential signal, the cells in the lower half of the pulvinus respond by expelling potassium and chlorine ions and taking up of calcium ions. This results in an osmotic gradient that draws water out of the affected cells. The lower pulvinus cells temporarily shrink due to wa ...
... On receiving the action potential signal, the cells in the lower half of the pulvinus respond by expelling potassium and chlorine ions and taking up of calcium ions. This results in an osmotic gradient that draws water out of the affected cells. The lower pulvinus cells temporarily shrink due to wa ...
- Haverford Scholarship
... reports in human cells of specific associations between TCR-/3 and CD3-~/(7), TCR-oe and CD3-~ (8), and TCR-oe and CD3-~'chains (9). There have also been three reports of novel TCR chain combinations. A human leukemia cell line was shown by Hochstenbach and Benner (10) to express a functional TCR-/~ ...
... reports in human cells of specific associations between TCR-/3 and CD3-~/(7), TCR-oe and CD3-~ (8), and TCR-oe and CD3-~'chains (9). There have also been three reports of novel TCR chain combinations. A human leukemia cell line was shown by Hochstenbach and Benner (10) to express a functional TCR-/~ ...
Microfilaments Intermediate filaments
... Biochemistry and cytology help correlate cell function with structure ...
... Biochemistry and cytology help correlate cell function with structure ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.