2016 – Identification of chromatin accessibility domains in human
... with a small skew to regions downstream of TSSs. Regions with altered (especially increased) accessibility were located further from a TSS (Fig. 1B), less were annotated as promoters/50 UTRs, and few ST only/ more regions were in CpG islands (Fig. 1C). While a large proportion of regions with higher ...
... with a small skew to regions downstream of TSSs. Regions with altered (especially increased) accessibility were located further from a TSS (Fig. 1B), less were annotated as promoters/50 UTRs, and few ST only/ more regions were in CpG islands (Fig. 1C). While a large proportion of regions with higher ...
Single-Cell Isolation and Gene Analysis: Pitfalls and
... on and off results in a temporally heterogeneous gene expression, even within homogenous cell populations [1–9]. This unique feature is often concealed behind average quantification in whole tissues. Based on earlier discoveries of gene expression dynamics, along with recent improvements in robust a ...
... on and off results in a temporally heterogeneous gene expression, even within homogenous cell populations [1–9]. This unique feature is often concealed behind average quantification in whole tissues. Based on earlier discoveries of gene expression dynamics, along with recent improvements in robust a ...
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... pluripotent stem cells are present in the UCB [3–5], which are endowed with superior plasticity properties than bone marrowderived stem cells [6]. Several groups addressed the use of UCBderived stem cells for in vitro generation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) [7–10]. Studies performed in ani ...
... pluripotent stem cells are present in the UCB [3–5], which are endowed with superior plasticity properties than bone marrowderived stem cells [6]. Several groups addressed the use of UCBderived stem cells for in vitro generation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) [7–10]. Studies performed in ani ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function HUMAN SKIN HUMAN
... You have learned, according to the cell theory, that cells are the basic units of all living organisms. By observing your own body and the living things around you, you might infer that cells must exist in various shapes and sizes. You also might infer that cells differ based on the function they pe ...
... You have learned, according to the cell theory, that cells are the basic units of all living organisms. By observing your own body and the living things around you, you might infer that cells must exist in various shapes and sizes. You also might infer that cells differ based on the function they pe ...
Cancer Prevention Strategies That Address the Evolutionary
... the cell, and a drug resistance locus conferred resistance to the drug associated with that locus. All mutations were assumed to be passed on at mitosis, and DNA synthesis was assumed to be mitogenic, so that an increase in the rate of mitosis by definition increased the rate of mutations per unit o ...
... the cell, and a drug resistance locus conferred resistance to the drug associated with that locus. All mutations were assumed to be passed on at mitosis, and DNA synthesis was assumed to be mitogenic, so that an increase in the rate of mitosis by definition increased the rate of mutations per unit o ...
Non -Living Components of plant cell 1
... granules and another substances which is a metabolic products or stored materials. Number of ...
... granules and another substances which is a metabolic products or stored materials. Number of ...
Epithelia and integration in sponges
... must have been a fundamental step in the evolution of modern metazoan body plans. Sponges are metazoans that are often said to lack a true epithelium. We assess the properties of epithelia, and review the history of studies on sponge epithelia, focusing on their homology to bilaterian epithelia, the ...
... must have been a fundamental step in the evolution of modern metazoan body plans. Sponges are metazoans that are often said to lack a true epithelium. We assess the properties of epithelia, and review the history of studies on sponge epithelia, focusing on their homology to bilaterian epithelia, the ...
Membrane Trafficking During Plant Cytokinesis
... cells contain multiple independent Golgi stacks (i.e. often hundreds) that do not vesiculate during mitosis as is the case in animal cells. This is important because the process of secretion in plants remains active throughout the cell cycle. Plant Golgi stacks are highly mobile, moving actively thr ...
... cells contain multiple independent Golgi stacks (i.e. often hundreds) that do not vesiculate during mitosis as is the case in animal cells. This is important because the process of secretion in plants remains active throughout the cell cycle. Plant Golgi stacks are highly mobile, moving actively thr ...
Activation of Metallothionein Gene Expression
... these nonmetallic inducers are not well understood, some appear to involve redox stresses (3). Both MT-I and MT-II promoters contain multiple copies of specific cis-acting elements that cooperate to direct metal inducibility (MREs; 1). The MRE-associated transcription factor (MTF-1) that binds to MR ...
... these nonmetallic inducers are not well understood, some appear to involve redox stresses (3). Both MT-I and MT-II promoters contain multiple copies of specific cis-acting elements that cooperate to direct metal inducibility (MREs; 1). The MRE-associated transcription factor (MTF-1) that binds to MR ...
Loss of AtPDR8, a Plasma Membrane ABC Transporter of
... mental stresses such as high salt and low temperature (Smart and Fleming 1996). Similarly, the gene for a tobacco PDR (NpPDR1) was shown to be up-regulated by sclareol, an antifungal diterpene produced in tobacco leaves (Jasinski et al. 2001). Furthermore, in cultured cells, NpPDR1 excretes sclareol ...
... mental stresses such as high salt and low temperature (Smart and Fleming 1996). Similarly, the gene for a tobacco PDR (NpPDR1) was shown to be up-regulated by sclareol, an antifungal diterpene produced in tobacco leaves (Jasinski et al. 2001). Furthermore, in cultured cells, NpPDR1 excretes sclareol ...
Immunohistochemical study of parathyroid hormone-related
... possible that the urothelial cell layers which normally express PTHrP during the dierentiation of the bladder have been stimulated to grow by the denervation. During this process of `re-differentiation', a more immature epithelium becomes prominent, and is less susceptible to apoptosis as a result ...
... possible that the urothelial cell layers which normally express PTHrP during the dierentiation of the bladder have been stimulated to grow by the denervation. During this process of `re-differentiation', a more immature epithelium becomes prominent, and is less susceptible to apoptosis as a result ...
Biological effects of 6 mT static magnetic fields: A comparative study
... Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy The present work was a comparative study of the bio-effects induced by exposure to 6 mT static magnetic field (MF) on several primary cultures and cell lines. Particular attention was dedicated to ap ...
... Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy The present work was a comparative study of the bio-effects induced by exposure to 6 mT static magnetic field (MF) on several primary cultures and cell lines. Particular attention was dedicated to ap ...
Definition Assignment
... What are their structural components? Mitochondria are composed of two membranes: inner membrane, and outer membrane. The inner membrane of the mitochondria folds over many times, creating layered structures called cristae (Shrratt, 1990). The cristae are very important structures as they help incre ...
... What are their structural components? Mitochondria are composed of two membranes: inner membrane, and outer membrane. The inner membrane of the mitochondria folds over many times, creating layered structures called cristae (Shrratt, 1990). The cristae are very important structures as they help incre ...
Receptor-like Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Enhances Cell Surface
... (GPI) link. NB-3 forms a co-receptor complex with CHL1, an L1 family cell adhesion molecule, in developing neurons. Knocking out either Nb-3 or Chl1 genes in mice leads to abnormal apical dendrite orientation in layer V of the caudal cortex, indicating that both are important for apical dendrite dev ...
... (GPI) link. NB-3 forms a co-receptor complex with CHL1, an L1 family cell adhesion molecule, in developing neurons. Knocking out either Nb-3 or Chl1 genes in mice leads to abnormal apical dendrite orientation in layer V of the caudal cortex, indicating that both are important for apical dendrite dev ...
Introducing Plant Cell Culture
... destroy the product. Also, plant cell cultures promote sustainability because secondary metabolites are harvested from a limited amount of biomass, thus reducing waste. And with only two to three specimens needed to start the process, plant cell culture ingredients are a sustainable resource that ca ...
... destroy the product. Also, plant cell cultures promote sustainability because secondary metabolites are harvested from a limited amount of biomass, thus reducing waste. And with only two to three specimens needed to start the process, plant cell culture ingredients are a sustainable resource that ca ...
histo-anatomical aspects of the nepenthes max7m4 reinw. ex ness
... attracted the attention of botanists and horticulturalists since the Victorian Age. The genus Nepenthes is widespread in the Malaysian Region with outlying species occurring west to Madagascar and north to India. To date nearly 90 species are recognized, displaying a great diversity of forms. Carniv ...
... attracted the attention of botanists and horticulturalists since the Victorian Age. The genus Nepenthes is widespread in the Malaysian Region with outlying species occurring west to Madagascar and north to India. To date nearly 90 species are recognized, displaying a great diversity of forms. Carniv ...
Perspectives in the Coordinate Regulation of Cell Cycle Events in
... to appear followed by the cell events as indicated in the Figs 2A and 3A. These observations poses several questions. What are the mechanisms that initiate the cell cycle soon after the end of the cell cycle or after dark incubation? How does the initiation of the cell cycle leads to r-protein synth ...
... to appear followed by the cell events as indicated in the Figs 2A and 3A. These observations poses several questions. What are the mechanisms that initiate the cell cycle soon after the end of the cell cycle or after dark incubation? How does the initiation of the cell cycle leads to r-protein synth ...
Solutions for all Natural Sciences Grade 9 Learner`s Book
... Hundreds of years ago scientists used glass lenses to magnify objects. The lenses did not magnify well and very small objects could not be seen. By the 16th century, scientists used microscopes, but they also did not magnify objects very well. It was only during the 17th century that microscopes wit ...
... Hundreds of years ago scientists used glass lenses to magnify objects. The lenses did not magnify well and very small objects could not be seen. By the 16th century, scientists used microscopes, but they also did not magnify objects very well. It was only during the 17th century that microscopes wit ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms of chromosomal instability and carcinogenesis
... the corresponding cancer (Geigl et al., 2008). The frequent observation of aneuploidy in the corresponding tumors suggests that chromosome segregation defects are a possible mechanism leading to CIN. Available data indicate that CIN is the most common instability phenotype. The relatively small prop ...
... the corresponding cancer (Geigl et al., 2008). The frequent observation of aneuploidy in the corresponding tumors suggests that chromosome segregation defects are a possible mechanism leading to CIN. Available data indicate that CIN is the most common instability phenotype. The relatively small prop ...
physiological and chemical architecture of a lobster ganglion with
... difference appears to lie in an asymmetric distribution of the enzyme that synthesizes GABA from glutamate, glutamic decarboxylase, the pathway for subsequent degradation being about equally active in the two types of axons (14). The mechanisms regulating the levels of the enzymes, on the other hand ...
... difference appears to lie in an asymmetric distribution of the enzyme that synthesizes GABA from glutamate, glutamic decarboxylase, the pathway for subsequent degradation being about equally active in the two types of axons (14). The mechanisms regulating the levels of the enzymes, on the other hand ...
Measuring the stiffness of bacterial cells from growth
... COS, chitooligosaccharide; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ...
... COS, chitooligosaccharide; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ...
MitoToxTM Mitochondrial toxicity application guide
... adverse effects. This is often because the adverse effect is subtle and does not necessarily lead to histopathology. Among the drugs that have been withdrawn in recent years, several have since been shown to cause serious impairment to mitochondrial function, including cerivastatin (Baycol), troglit ...
... adverse effects. This is often because the adverse effect is subtle and does not necessarily lead to histopathology. Among the drugs that have been withdrawn in recent years, several have since been shown to cause serious impairment to mitochondrial function, including cerivastatin (Baycol), troglit ...
Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development
... CD1d (1). Current evidence suggests that NKT cells branch away from the mainstream T cell lineage at the CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) stage of development in the thymus (2). NKT cells are derived from the small fraction of thymocytes that have randomly generated CD1d-reactive T cell receptors (typi ...
... CD1d (1). Current evidence suggests that NKT cells branch away from the mainstream T cell lineage at the CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) stage of development in the thymus (2). NKT cells are derived from the small fraction of thymocytes that have randomly generated CD1d-reactive T cell receptors (typi ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.