ON THE INHERITANCE OF DIFFERENTIATED TRAITS
... underlying mechanism is similar in eukaryotes. It should be mentioned that there is evidence for some very short-range trans effects which act intranuclearly and not through the cytoplasm. For example, complementation between fungal genes may occur when those genes are in the same nucleus in a diplo ...
... underlying mechanism is similar in eukaryotes. It should be mentioned that there is evidence for some very short-range trans effects which act intranuclearly and not through the cytoplasm. For example, complementation between fungal genes may occur when those genes are in the same nucleus in a diplo ...
ONLINE METHODS Experiments were conducted in accordance
... containing the RP23-153B7 BAC, and screened by PCR and Southern hybridization. Kanamycin resistant gene was removed by FLPe recombinase integrated in EL250 genome. PFGE and Fingerprinting analysis using BamHI and EcoRI restriction enzymes were carried out to confirm the correct modification of the ...
... containing the RP23-153B7 BAC, and screened by PCR and Southern hybridization. Kanamycin resistant gene was removed by FLPe recombinase integrated in EL250 genome. PFGE and Fingerprinting analysis using BamHI and EcoRI restriction enzymes were carried out to confirm the correct modification of the ...
of Limb Morphogenesis in a Model System
... still existent stage 19 cell population. However, when stage 19 cells are added, the number of grafts giving limblike responses increases considerably. But the stage 24 proximal mixture with stage 19 shows few cases of morphogenesis at the lower percentage. This implies that the stage lQlike populat ...
... still existent stage 19 cell population. However, when stage 19 cells are added, the number of grafts giving limblike responses increases considerably. But the stage 24 proximal mixture with stage 19 shows few cases of morphogenesis at the lower percentage. This implies that the stage lQlike populat ...
White Paper: Backhaul Security for Wi-Fi and Small Cells
... operators are also looking again at the role of Wi-Fi in their access networks. As reflected in the comScore data referring to the U.S. market during 3Q11 (Figure 1), it is not uncommon for mobile operators to report that their customer's smartphone usage is now split roughly evenly between Wi-Fi an ...
... operators are also looking again at the role of Wi-Fi in their access networks. As reflected in the comScore data referring to the U.S. market during 3Q11 (Figure 1), it is not uncommon for mobile operators to report that their customer's smartphone usage is now split roughly evenly between Wi-Fi an ...
Emerging roles for lipids in non-apoptotic cell death
... studies suggest important roles for lipids and lipid metabolism in both triggering and executing non-apoptotic RCD. These roles are distinct from those observed during apoptosis but involve similar themes, including a role for certain lipids as triggers of cell death and the centrality of membrane l ...
... studies suggest important roles for lipids and lipid metabolism in both triggering and executing non-apoptotic RCD. These roles are distinct from those observed during apoptosis but involve similar themes, including a role for certain lipids as triggers of cell death and the centrality of membrane l ...
University of Birmingham Leptomycin B induces apoptosis in cells
... We have previously shown that the nuclear export inhibitor LMB can induce apoptosis in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) expressing HPV 16 E7 and E6/E7 (3), but it is not known whether this effect also occurs in non-malignant cells that contain the whole viral genome and express these genes in a mo ...
... We have previously shown that the nuclear export inhibitor LMB can induce apoptosis in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) expressing HPV 16 E7 and E6/E7 (3), but it is not known whether this effect also occurs in non-malignant cells that contain the whole viral genome and express these genes in a mo ...
Tissues
... • Nervous tissue is made up of cells which are specialized for generating and transmitting electrical impulses. It is a rapid communication network for the body. • Neuron: specialized nervous system cell which generates and transmits impulses. – Structural components: cell body, dendrites, ...
... • Nervous tissue is made up of cells which are specialized for generating and transmitting electrical impulses. It is a rapid communication network for the body. • Neuron: specialized nervous system cell which generates and transmits impulses. – Structural components: cell body, dendrites, ...
The Role of the Cell Cycle Machinery in
... germination implies the resumption of cell cycle progression after a period of quiescence, entry into G1 and activation of the G1-to-S switch may represent an important control in early seedling development. The progressive passage through the various phases of the cell cycle is controlled by a cons ...
... germination implies the resumption of cell cycle progression after a period of quiescence, entry into G1 and activation of the G1-to-S switch may represent an important control in early seedling development. The progressive passage through the various phases of the cell cycle is controlled by a cons ...
Why do muscles shorten? 112ch11
... Smooth Muscle cells contain actin and myosin, but are quite different from skeletal and cardiac myocytes. 1) Where do we find smooth muscle under involuntary control? 2) Smooth Muscle usually comes in flat sheets or tubes with cells that may or may not be connected by gap junctions. 3) The gut and ...
... Smooth Muscle cells contain actin and myosin, but are quite different from skeletal and cardiac myocytes. 1) Where do we find smooth muscle under involuntary control? 2) Smooth Muscle usually comes in flat sheets or tubes with cells that may or may not be connected by gap junctions. 3) The gut and ...
Interaction of oxygen-sensitive luminescent probes Ru(phen) and
... relatively low for nitroxides like CAT1, to very high, for crystals of LiPc. The spatial resolution of EPR oxygen images obtained in phantoms and tissues is too low for imaging individual cells [4]. NMR approaches appear to be non-invasive but also offer limited resolution [7]. In contrast, approach ...
... relatively low for nitroxides like CAT1, to very high, for crystals of LiPc. The spatial resolution of EPR oxygen images obtained in phantoms and tissues is too low for imaging individual cells [4]. NMR approaches appear to be non-invasive but also offer limited resolution [7]. In contrast, approach ...
Fig. 3D - Journal of Cell Science
... Since the first oncogene Src was identified, a variety of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been found, and cellular functions and downstream signaling pathways of the encoded proteins have been revealed (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000; Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). In most of these studies, howe ...
... Since the first oncogene Src was identified, a variety of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been found, and cellular functions and downstream signaling pathways of the encoded proteins have been revealed (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000; Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). In most of these studies, howe ...
Reconstitution of CD8 T cells is essential for the prevention of
... al., 1998 b). On the basis of this previous experience, BMT was herein performed with 1¬10( BM cells and haematoablative treatment of the recipients with 6 Gy of total-body "$(Cs γirradiation in order to achieve a high rate of survival (Fig. 1 A, +). Elimination in vivo of reconstituting CD4 T cells ...
... al., 1998 b). On the basis of this previous experience, BMT was herein performed with 1¬10( BM cells and haematoablative treatment of the recipients with 6 Gy of total-body "$(Cs γirradiation in order to achieve a high rate of survival (Fig. 1 A, +). Elimination in vivo of reconstituting CD4 T cells ...
Persistent infection of mammalian cells by Rift Valley fever virus
... decreased progressively and, at passage 4 of the MP12 virusinfected cells or passage 19 of the C13 virus-infected cells, infectious virus was no longer detectable. Similar patterns of virus production were observed with two other persistently infected cell lines obtained after infection with these s ...
... decreased progressively and, at passage 4 of the MP12 virusinfected cells or passage 19 of the C13 virus-infected cells, infectious virus was no longer detectable. Similar patterns of virus production were observed with two other persistently infected cell lines obtained after infection with these s ...
Mast cells and dendritic cells form synapses that facilitate antigen
... nodes, and Th2 polarization (Caron et al., 2001a; Mazzoni et al., 2006; Suto et al., 2006; Shelburne et al., 2009; Dawicki et al., 2010; Reuter et al., 2010; de Vries et al., 2011). Communication between MCs and DCs has also been shown to regulate other lymphocytes including T cells and B cells (Sko ...
... nodes, and Th2 polarization (Caron et al., 2001a; Mazzoni et al., 2006; Suto et al., 2006; Shelburne et al., 2009; Dawicki et al., 2010; Reuter et al., 2010; de Vries et al., 2011). Communication between MCs and DCs has also been shown to regulate other lymphocytes including T cells and B cells (Sko ...
A tightly regulated inducible expression system for
... made drug resistance and test gene expression dependent upon the activity of the regulated promoter, requiring that cell lines be established under conditions of Tc-induction. This precluded their use for regulated expression of toxic products, limiting the utility of this system for dominant-negati ...
... made drug resistance and test gene expression dependent upon the activity of the regulated promoter, requiring that cell lines be established under conditions of Tc-induction. This precluded their use for regulated expression of toxic products, limiting the utility of this system for dominant-negati ...
a Gene Encoding a Putative Signal Transduction Receptor in
... somatic macronucleus. The transcriptionally active macronucleus has about 50 copies of each chromosome. At sexual reproduction (conjugation), the parental macronucleus is degraded and new macronucleus develops from a mitotic product of the zygotic micronucleus. Development of the macronucleus involv ...
... somatic macronucleus. The transcriptionally active macronucleus has about 50 copies of each chromosome. At sexual reproduction (conjugation), the parental macronucleus is degraded and new macronucleus develops from a mitotic product of the zygotic micronucleus. Development of the macronucleus involv ...
1 The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in
... gene family, as combining the1 with herk1 and/or herk2 mutations, single mutants that are also aphenotypic, resulted in strong effects on cell expansion, including decreased petiole length and shoot growth (Guo et al., 2009a; Guo et al., 2009b) similar to the effects of the fer mutation. The overall ...
... gene family, as combining the1 with herk1 and/or herk2 mutations, single mutants that are also aphenotypic, resulted in strong effects on cell expansion, including decreased petiole length and shoot growth (Guo et al., 2009a; Guo et al., 2009b) similar to the effects of the fer mutation. The overall ...
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Cardiovascular Disease
... arm-specific painting probe was used as a marker and hybridization was detected by using Texas red, which gives a pinkish to red color. Metaphase chromosomes were counterstained by DAPI showing blue fluorescence. Because green hybridization signals were detected only on the normal chromosome 14 and ...
... arm-specific painting probe was used as a marker and hybridization was detected by using Texas red, which gives a pinkish to red color. Metaphase chromosomes were counterstained by DAPI showing blue fluorescence. Because green hybridization signals were detected only on the normal chromosome 14 and ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation
... Schier, 2001; David and Rosa, 2001). Similarly, experiments demonstrating that mesendodermal progenitors in outer cell layers of the shield at the onset of gastrulation intermingle with ectodermal progenitors have been interpreted as evidence for mesendodermal progenitors undergoing single-cell ingr ...
... Schier, 2001; David and Rosa, 2001). Similarly, experiments demonstrating that mesendodermal progenitors in outer cell layers of the shield at the onset of gastrulation intermingle with ectodermal progenitors have been interpreted as evidence for mesendodermal progenitors undergoing single-cell ingr ...
Imaging ER-to-Golgi transport: towards a
... et al., 2006). These results are consistent with the Golgi maturation model (Glick et al., 1997), which predicts that secretory cargo moves through the Golgi complex in cisternae that form de novo, mature from cis to trans, and then dissipate. The examples above, which are by far not comprehensive o ...
... et al., 2006). These results are consistent with the Golgi maturation model (Glick et al., 1997), which predicts that secretory cargo moves through the Golgi complex in cisternae that form de novo, mature from cis to trans, and then dissipate. The examples above, which are by far not comprehensive o ...
The lipid phosphatase LPP3 regulates extra
... putative transmembrane domains (Kanoh et al., 1997) and were first characterized from their ability to dephosphorylate phosphatidic acid (PA) to produce diacylglycerol (DAG). Since PA and DAG act as potent signaling molecules, LPPs play a key role in signal transduction in addition to regulating lip ...
... putative transmembrane domains (Kanoh et al., 1997) and were first characterized from their ability to dephosphorylate phosphatidic acid (PA) to produce diacylglycerol (DAG). Since PA and DAG act as potent signaling molecules, LPPs play a key role in signal transduction in addition to regulating lip ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation - MPI
... transition. Experiments in which single mesendodermal progenitors were transplanted into places of the gastrula where no other mesendodermal progenitors can be found have shown that these cells ingress in a cell-autonomous manner, suggesting that single-cell ingression is the primary mode for mesend ...
... transition. Experiments in which single mesendodermal progenitors were transplanted into places of the gastrula where no other mesendodermal progenitors can be found have shown that these cells ingress in a cell-autonomous manner, suggesting that single-cell ingression is the primary mode for mesend ...
The effects of hydrostatic pressure on ribosome conformation in
... Differential scanning calorimetry of whole Escherichia coli cells allowed the detection in wiwo of changes in ribosome conformation. This enabled for the first time an analysis of the effects of high hydrostatic pressures on ribosomes in living cells. A correlation was observed between loss of cell ...
... Differential scanning calorimetry of whole Escherichia coli cells allowed the detection in wiwo of changes in ribosome conformation. This enabled for the first time an analysis of the effects of high hydrostatic pressures on ribosomes in living cells. A correlation was observed between loss of cell ...
The Molecular Organization of Endothelial Cell to
... manuscript submitted for publication) and to restrict endothelial permeability (I.ampugnani et al., 1992). VE-cadherin is apparently unique in its junctional distribution in essentially all endothelia, unlike N-cadherin, the other major cadherin of EC, that is common also in non-endothelial tissues ...
... manuscript submitted for publication) and to restrict endothelial permeability (I.ampugnani et al., 1992). VE-cadherin is apparently unique in its junctional distribution in essentially all endothelia, unlike N-cadherin, the other major cadherin of EC, that is common also in non-endothelial tissues ...
Roles of ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor
... at 40°C overnight, then at 32°C for 1 hour. Cell surface proteins were biotinylated using modified protocols of Ying et al. (Ying et al., 2003) and Daniels and Amara (Daniels and Amara, 1998). Briefly, cells were washed three times with ice-cold PBS(+) (containing 0.1 mM CaCl2 and 0.1 mM MgCl2, pH 7 ...
... at 40°C overnight, then at 32°C for 1 hour. Cell surface proteins were biotinylated using modified protocols of Ying et al. (Ying et al., 2003) and Daniels and Amara (Daniels and Amara, 1998). Briefly, cells were washed three times with ice-cold PBS(+) (containing 0.1 mM CaCl2 and 0.1 mM MgCl2, pH 7 ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.