Host B7x Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer
... that can further grow into independent tumors, but this depends largely on interactions between these cells and their new environment (1). The immune system plays an important role in these processes. In addition to infiltration by effector immune cells attempting to mount antitumor responses, growi ...
... that can further grow into independent tumors, but this depends largely on interactions between these cells and their new environment (1). The immune system plays an important role in these processes. In addition to infiltration by effector immune cells attempting to mount antitumor responses, growi ...
brief notes - BioMedSearch
... side effects the most serious of which include various renal lesions (4, 7, 12, 14, 19, 20) . Investigation of these lesions has failed to demonstrate the role played by gold itself in their genesis . Light microscope studies do not permit either a detailed description of cellular damage or the dete ...
... side effects the most serious of which include various renal lesions (4, 7, 12, 14, 19, 20) . Investigation of these lesions has failed to demonstrate the role played by gold itself in their genesis . Light microscope studies do not permit either a detailed description of cellular damage or the dete ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 33
... the length of the recovery period depending on the starvation medium. Starvation affected the sugar affinity of the A. lipoferum cell surface mainly towards p-aminophenyl-K-D-mannopyranoside, to a lesser extent to glucose, but not to other monosaccharides tested. Starvation changed the concentration ...
... the length of the recovery period depending on the starvation medium. Starvation affected the sugar affinity of the A. lipoferum cell surface mainly towards p-aminophenyl-K-D-mannopyranoside, to a lesser extent to glucose, but not to other monosaccharides tested. Starvation changed the concentration ...
Mammalian Cdc7–Dbf4 protein kinase complex is essential for
... although the exact biological functions of this domain are not clear (see Discussion). In addition, residues 201–217 form a putative bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Expression of GFP-tagged HsDbf4 fusion protein in human 293 cells and normal foreskin fibroblasts demonstrated that the ...
... although the exact biological functions of this domain are not clear (see Discussion). In addition, residues 201–217 form a putative bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Expression of GFP-tagged HsDbf4 fusion protein in human 293 cells and normal foreskin fibroblasts demonstrated that the ...
Physikalisches Sonderkolloquium
... animal organs or their primordia form through remodeling of epithelial sheets. We use fruit fly gastrulation as a model to study epithelial morphogenesis. Prior to gastrulation the embryo is a hollow ball of cells made up of a single epithelium layer with its apical surface facing outwards. In the c ...
... animal organs or their primordia form through remodeling of epithelial sheets. We use fruit fly gastrulation as a model to study epithelial morphogenesis. Prior to gastrulation the embryo is a hollow ball of cells made up of a single epithelium layer with its apical surface facing outwards. In the c ...
Cellular Mechanics
... Cellular Mechanics • How does the cell know it is being deformed? • There are membrane proteins that transduce signals based on surface tension. • The cytoskeleton and associated proteins transduces signals based on strain. • The cytosol viscosity exerts flux control and concentration control on me ...
... Cellular Mechanics • How does the cell know it is being deformed? • There are membrane proteins that transduce signals based on surface tension. • The cytoskeleton and associated proteins transduces signals based on strain. • The cytosol viscosity exerts flux control and concentration control on me ...
Cell cycle control of cell morphogenesis in Caulobacter Jennifer C
... density gradient centrifugation. Cell cycle events can then be monitored as these isolated, synchronous populations continue to grow. In addition, the complete genome sequence of C. crescentus is now available [5••]. ...
... density gradient centrifugation. Cell cycle events can then be monitored as these isolated, synchronous populations continue to grow. In addition, the complete genome sequence of C. crescentus is now available [5••]. ...
Prospore Membrane Formation Defines a Developmentally
... sites of vesicle fusion on the plasma membrane, and several of the other late-acting SEC genes are required for proper assembly of this complex (Terbush and Novick, 1995). A large body of evidence supports a general model for vesicle fusion events in the secretory pathway, termed the soluble NSF att ...
... sites of vesicle fusion on the plasma membrane, and several of the other late-acting SEC genes are required for proper assembly of this complex (Terbush and Novick, 1995). A large body of evidence supports a general model for vesicle fusion events in the secretory pathway, termed the soluble NSF att ...
Mitochondrial GFA2 Is Required for Synergid Cell
... and Kermicle, 2001). However, relatively few of these mutations have been characterized at the phenotypic and molecular levels, and a specific function in the FG is known for only few genes. The present study had two main objectives. The first was to determine the extent to which FG development and ...
... and Kermicle, 2001). However, relatively few of these mutations have been characterized at the phenotypic and molecular levels, and a specific function in the FG is known for only few genes. The present study had two main objectives. The first was to determine the extent to which FG development and ...
Plasma membrane
... Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells ...
... Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells ...
The study of cell cycle control is entering a new and exciting phase
... of conjugation (Hartwell, 1974). After start is passed conjugation is not possible until the cell cycle in progress has been completed. The start event does not take place until cells have attained a critical size: at low growth rates daughter cells are smaller at division and so cells must grow for ...
... of conjugation (Hartwell, 1974). After start is passed conjugation is not possible until the cell cycle in progress has been completed. The start event does not take place until cells have attained a critical size: at low growth rates daughter cells are smaller at division and so cells must grow for ...
Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential triggers the
... of aging. Aging is a complicated multifactorial process and a number of major determinants have been described. These include genome stability, metabolism, stress resistance, and chromatindependent gene regulation, in addition to random (stochastic) events (Jazwinski, 1999, 2005). We have previously ...
... of aging. Aging is a complicated multifactorial process and a number of major determinants have been described. These include genome stability, metabolism, stress resistance, and chromatindependent gene regulation, in addition to random (stochastic) events (Jazwinski, 1999, 2005). We have previously ...
Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication
... with chromatin in most root tip cells, but not when mitotic figures were visible (mitotic figures are marked with arrows and asterisks). The dim H1 signal in the central core of the root tip in Figure 3B is characteristic of poor antibody penetration, most likely due to incomplete vibratome sectioni ...
... with chromatin in most root tip cells, but not when mitotic figures were visible (mitotic figures are marked with arrows and asterisks). The dim H1 signal in the central core of the root tip in Figure 3B is characteristic of poor antibody penetration, most likely due to incomplete vibratome sectioni ...
Microtubule and F-actin dynamics at the division site in living
... MTs and F-actin in living Tradescantia stamen hair cells, observed by confocal microscopy after microinjection of either Rh-phalloidin or carboxyfluorescein-labelled tubulin. An issue that needs to be addressed at the outset is whether these experimental manipulations affect the course of cell devel ...
... MTs and F-actin in living Tradescantia stamen hair cells, observed by confocal microscopy after microinjection of either Rh-phalloidin or carboxyfluorescein-labelled tubulin. An issue that needs to be addressed at the outset is whether these experimental manipulations affect the course of cell devel ...
Microinjected Fluorescent Phalloidin in Vivo
... cytoskeleton, particularly in the cell cortex. As phalloidin is known to have a stabilizing effect on F-actin, this may influence the natural microfilament turnover. Therefore, the microinjection of derivatized plant actin that is competent to co-assemble with endogenous actin would be an excellent ...
... cytoskeleton, particularly in the cell cortex. As phalloidin is known to have a stabilizing effect on F-actin, this may influence the natural microfilament turnover. Therefore, the microinjection of derivatized plant actin that is competent to co-assemble with endogenous actin would be an excellent ...
EspF review - Newcastle University Staff Publishing Service
... active mitochondria but also ensures that these EspF activities are tightly regulated and not overtly deleterious to the host cell. Taken together, the primary function of mitochondrial targeting and dysfunction by EspF may be a regulatory one with EspF-induced apoptosis, at least in EPEC-infected c ...
... active mitochondria but also ensures that these EspF activities are tightly regulated and not overtly deleterious to the host cell. Taken together, the primary function of mitochondrial targeting and dysfunction by EspF may be a regulatory one with EspF-induced apoptosis, at least in EPEC-infected c ...
Arabidopsis R-SNARE Proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 Are
... AtCDC48 has been proposed, as AtCDC48 specifically interacts with SYP31 but not with KNOLLE in vitro-binding assay in spite of the colocalization at cell-division plane between SYP31 or AtCDC48 and KNOLLE [17]. To date, only NPSN11, one RSNARE candidate for cell-plate membrane fusion machinery, has ...
... AtCDC48 has been proposed, as AtCDC48 specifically interacts with SYP31 but not with KNOLLE in vitro-binding assay in spite of the colocalization at cell-division plane between SYP31 or AtCDC48 and KNOLLE [17]. To date, only NPSN11, one RSNARE candidate for cell-plate membrane fusion machinery, has ...
Factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C Transformation
... in humans and by the Sfpi1 gene in mice. PU.1 is required to ...
... in humans and by the Sfpi1 gene in mice. PU.1 is required to ...
Interaction with PI3-kinase contributes to the cytotoxic activity ofApoptin S Maddika
... (Rohn et al., 2002). However, it was also shown that a C-terminally truncated apoptin mutant, in which the phosphorylation site was deleted, was still able to translocate to the nucleus and induce apoptosis (Guelen et al., 2004). Thus, the interaction with other molecules or additional modifications ...
... (Rohn et al., 2002). However, it was also shown that a C-terminally truncated apoptin mutant, in which the phosphorylation site was deleted, was still able to translocate to the nucleus and induce apoptosis (Guelen et al., 2004). Thus, the interaction with other molecules or additional modifications ...
Cloning of the Human Interferon-Related Developmental Regulator
... nerve growth factor-inducible sequence in PC12 cells. Although its function remains unknown, recently it has been shown that PC4 is necessary to muscle differentiation and that it might have a role in signal transduction. We report the isolation of the human homolog of the rat PC4 gene, renamed here ...
... nerve growth factor-inducible sequence in PC12 cells. Although its function remains unknown, recently it has been shown that PC4 is necessary to muscle differentiation and that it might have a role in signal transduction. We report the isolation of the human homolog of the rat PC4 gene, renamed here ...
Regeneration and the need for simpler model organisms
... has, in fact, been shown during salamander limb regeneration for the retinoic acid nuclear receptor and FGF pathways (Boilly et al. 1991; Mullen et al. 1996; Pecorino et al. 1996). However, if regeneration merely uses developmental pathways, why should we be bothered with its study? The answer is si ...
... has, in fact, been shown during salamander limb regeneration for the retinoic acid nuclear receptor and FGF pathways (Boilly et al. 1991; Mullen et al. 1996; Pecorino et al. 1996). However, if regeneration merely uses developmental pathways, why should we be bothered with its study? The answer is si ...
Effect of lithium and sodium cations on the
... Monovalent cations are very important in yeast metabolism. However, high internal concentrations of Na+ or its analogue Li+ are generally toxic to cells [1]. Lithium is highly toxic to yeast when grown in galactose medium, mainly because phosphoglucomutase, a key enzyme of galactose metabolism, is i ...
... Monovalent cations are very important in yeast metabolism. However, high internal concentrations of Na+ or its analogue Li+ are generally toxic to cells [1]. Lithium is highly toxic to yeast when grown in galactose medium, mainly because phosphoglucomutase, a key enzyme of galactose metabolism, is i ...
BiochemicalSociety A nnualSymposium No.77
... and ultimately plant morphology, is accomplished by the polarized targeting and localized release of secretorypathway-derived membrane and cell wall material at specific sites on the PM. Directional cell expansion in plants occurs through two distinct mechanisms: diffuse polar and tip growth [12], w ...
... and ultimately plant morphology, is accomplished by the polarized targeting and localized release of secretorypathway-derived membrane and cell wall material at specific sites on the PM. Directional cell expansion in plants occurs through two distinct mechanisms: diffuse polar and tip growth [12], w ...
Activation of Src Kinases p53/56@ and p59hckby @ in Myeloid Cells`
... (15, 16). Therefore, we decided to focus on the activation of this kinase by IL-3 or p210@―1 in the munne factor-dependent myeloid cell line, 32D. We could demonstrate that both IL-3 and activated p53/56@'°.We then screened for the activation of other Src family kinases and found that the phospho ...
... (15, 16). Therefore, we decided to focus on the activation of this kinase by IL-3 or p210@―1 in the munne factor-dependent myeloid cell line, 32D. We could demonstrate that both IL-3 and activated p53/56@'°.We then screened for the activation of other Src family kinases and found that the phospho ...
ONLINE METHODS Experiments were conducted in accordance
... containing the RP23-153B7 BAC, and screened by PCR and Southern hybridization. Kanamycin resistant gene was removed by FLPe recombinase integrated in EL250 genome. PFGE and Fingerprinting analysis using BamHI and EcoRI restriction enzymes were carried out to confirm the correct modification of the ...
... containing the RP23-153B7 BAC, and screened by PCR and Southern hybridization. Kanamycin resistant gene was removed by FLPe recombinase integrated in EL250 genome. PFGE and Fingerprinting analysis using BamHI and EcoRI restriction enzymes were carried out to confirm the correct modification of the ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.