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Cell Cycle and Facts
Cell Cycle and Facts

... Cell Cycle and Facts Cell Replacement Regeneration Aging ...
Cell Organelles - Triton Science
Cell Organelles - Triton Science

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People creditied for discovering the cell theory

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Cell Structure Cloze - Science
Cell Structure Cloze - Science

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Oncogenesis: abnormal developmental plasticity

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Engineering Cellular Microenvironments

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... his hypothesis that all living things are composed of cells? (A) He tried to grow an organism from a single cell. (B) He studied literature on the development of cell theory. (C) He built a model of a cell he saw in one type of organism. (D) He used microscopes to examine the tissues of many differe ...
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Cell Structure and Function Study Guide
Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

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Study Guide for the Cells Test 2006 Textbook Chapter 1 pages 4-23
Study Guide for the Cells Test 2006 Textbook Chapter 1 pages 4-23

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Cellular differentiation



In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.
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