Cosmology - 2015 - johndistefano.com.au
... came in the 1930’s when the Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky , while working at the Mount Wilson Observatory measured the speed at which galaxies in the Coma cluster, 321 million light years from away, orbit the centre of the cluster. He calculated that unless the cluster contained mush more mass than ...
... came in the 1930’s when the Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky , while working at the Mount Wilson Observatory measured the speed at which galaxies in the Coma cluster, 321 million light years from away, orbit the centre of the cluster. He calculated that unless the cluster contained mush more mass than ...
Big Bang Balloon
... Developed over many years and by many people, the theory states that about 15 billion years ago the universe was compressed into an infinitely small space, known as the primordial atom. It exploded in a sudden burst of energy and created a small, superdense, extremely hot universe that began to expa ...
... Developed over many years and by many people, the theory states that about 15 billion years ago the universe was compressed into an infinitely small space, known as the primordial atom. It exploded in a sudden burst of energy and created a small, superdense, extremely hot universe that began to expa ...
Chapter 1 - Collins Foundation Press
... astronomers following in the footsteps of Galileo, who first used the telescope in 1609 to gaze upward and probe the hidden secrets of the heavens. In more recent years they have become astrophysicists, combining the observations and data from astronomy with the tools of physics to understand what’s ...
... astronomers following in the footsteps of Galileo, who first used the telescope in 1609 to gaze upward and probe the hidden secrets of the heavens. In more recent years they have become astrophysicists, combining the observations and data from astronomy with the tools of physics to understand what’s ...
News Analysis - Learning Space
... It simplified large number of physical theories It is not rigid, it is flexible. It can be distorted and warped as large masses move through it. ...
... It simplified large number of physical theories It is not rigid, it is flexible. It can be distorted and warped as large masses move through it. ...
Introduction of Astronomy Course No.: AST 1010 No. of Credit Hours
... Scientific reasoning is the process of solving problems and learning about the world through the quantitative and qualitative analysis of empirical data. In this course the following competencies are taught, emphasized and assessed. 16. Evaluate reasoning as generally scientific or non-scientific. 1 ...
... Scientific reasoning is the process of solving problems and learning about the world through the quantitative and qualitative analysis of empirical data. In this course the following competencies are taught, emphasized and assessed. 16. Evaluate reasoning as generally scientific or non-scientific. 1 ...
Dark Matter and Its Direct Detection
... PAMELA and ATIC observations suggest the presence of a relatively local (within ∼1 kpc) source or sources of energetic cosmic ray electrons and positrons. WMAP experiment has revealed an excess of microwave emission from the central region of the Milky Way which has been interpreted as synchrotron e ...
... PAMELA and ATIC observations suggest the presence of a relatively local (within ∼1 kpc) source or sources of energetic cosmic ray electrons and positrons. WMAP experiment has revealed an excess of microwave emission from the central region of the Milky Way which has been interpreted as synchrotron e ...
THE BIG BANG THEORY
... • 1960: spectroscopic studies of stars showed that the helium accounted for 20-30% of the mass of stars, the ...
... • 1960: spectroscopic studies of stars showed that the helium accounted for 20-30% of the mass of stars, the ...
Goal: To understand the history of the universe especially the
... (and there was a lot of light back them) was all absorbed or scattered. • Photons bounced very quickly, much like deep in the sun today. • This era ended 380,000 years ago when the universe was 3000 K. ...
... (and there was a lot of light back them) was all absorbed or scattered. • Photons bounced very quickly, much like deep in the sun today. • This era ended 380,000 years ago when the universe was 3000 K. ...
ISP 205 Final Exam Seating Chart SIT IN CORRECT ROW
... Slide 9: Curve 4 question answered above. CMB is leftover radiation from when universe was filled by a fog of electrons, when temperature was 1000 times higher than it is now. It’s existence shows that U really did evolve from a previous hotter, denser state, so there really must have been a Big Ban ...
... Slide 9: Curve 4 question answered above. CMB is leftover radiation from when universe was filled by a fog of electrons, when temperature was 1000 times higher than it is now. It’s existence shows that U really did evolve from a previous hotter, denser state, so there really must have been a Big Ban ...
TA`s solution set
... If the universe were also infinitely old, then light would have had time to reach us along all of these sightlines! (If the universe had finite age, the light from sufficiently distant stars would not have had time to reach us and some lines of sight would appear dark.) Since the night sky is, in fa ...
... If the universe were also infinitely old, then light would have had time to reach us along all of these sightlines! (If the universe had finite age, the light from sufficiently distant stars would not have had time to reach us and some lines of sight would appear dark.) Since the night sky is, in fa ...
Cosmology2 - NMSU Astronomy
... The results indicate that the universal expansion was slowing down at times further back than 6 billion ...
... The results indicate that the universal expansion was slowing down at times further back than 6 billion ...
runaway - Astronomy & Astrophysics Group
... Will the Universe continue to expand forever? To find out we need to compare the expansion rate now with the expansion rate in the distant ...
... Will the Universe continue to expand forever? To find out we need to compare the expansion rate now with the expansion rate in the distant ...
Appendix 2
... galaxies are formed must have come into existence as a single point – the “Big Bang” – approximately 15 billion (15,000,000,000) years ago. (There are other possibilities – but this is the standard model – which most cosmologists consider to be the best theory on present evidence.) From the theory o ...
... galaxies are formed must have come into existence as a single point – the “Big Bang” – approximately 15 billion (15,000,000,000) years ago. (There are other possibilities – but this is the standard model – which most cosmologists consider to be the best theory on present evidence.) From the theory o ...
Miss Nevoral - Ms. Nevoral`s site
... spectral lines produced by stars and galaxies and to measure their wavelengths. 10. What does the cosmological red shift suggest about the motion of galaxies? The cosmological red shift suggests that galaxies are moving away from each other. 11. Who first proposed the Big Bang Theory and in what yea ...
... spectral lines produced by stars and galaxies and to measure their wavelengths. 10. What does the cosmological red shift suggest about the motion of galaxies? The cosmological red shift suggests that galaxies are moving away from each other. 11. Who first proposed the Big Bang Theory and in what yea ...
Answer Key: Big Bang Balloon Analysis Questions
... have an end and does not go on forever. However, that might be even more difficult to imagine than an infinite universe! The Origin of the Universe Way back in 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed (through a ginormous telescope and associated equipment through which he actually observed the redshi ...
... have an end and does not go on forever. However, that might be even more difficult to imagine than an infinite universe! The Origin of the Universe Way back in 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed (through a ginormous telescope and associated equipment through which he actually observed the redshi ...
The Large-Scale Polarization Explorer (LSPE)
... different cases. In black, the maps have been combined using the minimum variance approach, thus weighting only by the inverse noise. In gray the maps are combined using the minimum foreground approach, thus the weights take into account foreground minimization. In doing that, an imperfect knowledge ...
... different cases. In black, the maps have been combined using the minimum variance approach, thus weighting only by the inverse noise. In gray the maps are combined using the minimum foreground approach, thus the weights take into account foreground minimization. In doing that, an imperfect knowledge ...
expanding universe
... A human being is part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. We experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separate from the rest. A kind of optical delusion of consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal d ...
... A human being is part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. We experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separate from the rest. A kind of optical delusion of consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal d ...
THE BIG BANG - Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics
... So two sets of laws. These describe most of the phenomena of our day to day experience: gravity, light, electricity, magnetism… With these, scientists of the late 19th century understood the motion of the planets in great detail, and made great technical progress. They started, as well (somewhat in ...
... So two sets of laws. These describe most of the phenomena of our day to day experience: gravity, light, electricity, magnetism… With these, scientists of the late 19th century understood the motion of the planets in great detail, and made great technical progress. They started, as well (somewhat in ...
Cosmic Sculpture: A new way to visualise the Cosmic Microwave
... internal grid making the final plastic printed models less breakable. The eventual result of this process is a GCode file which can be input to the Ultimaker. Figure 3 shows an Ultimaker printer in the process of printing our 3D representation of the CMB, complete with Cura-generated support structu ...
... internal grid making the final plastic printed models less breakable. The eventual result of this process is a GCode file which can be input to the Ultimaker. Figure 3 shows an Ultimaker printer in the process of printing our 3D representation of the CMB, complete with Cura-generated support structu ...
DTU_9e_ch18 - University of San Diego Home Pages
... formed. Today it is dark-energy dominated. Dark energy of some sort supplies a repulsive gravitational force that causes superclusters to accelerate away from each other. During the first 380,000 years of the universe, matter and energy formed an opaque plasma, called the primordial fireball. Cosmic ...
... formed. Today it is dark-energy dominated. Dark energy of some sort supplies a repulsive gravitational force that causes superclusters to accelerate away from each other. During the first 380,000 years of the universe, matter and energy formed an opaque plasma, called the primordial fireball. Cosmic ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.