June 2015
... Before that time, the baby universe was too hot and dense for light to travel far without bumping into matter. When it cooled to the point that neutral atoms could form, light was freed to fly through space unimpeded, and it became the CMB. This glow was discovered accidentally 1964 by Arno Penzias ...
... Before that time, the baby universe was too hot and dense for light to travel far without bumping into matter. When it cooled to the point that neutral atoms could form, light was freed to fly through space unimpeded, and it became the CMB. This glow was discovered accidentally 1964 by Arno Penzias ...
Miriam Israelowitz1 and Dr. David L. Wilson2 1Department
... Cherenkov radiation detector from a non-imaging optical concentrator and a coincidence system. The goal was to detect Cherenkov radiation from the atmosphere under clear and dark skies. The design of the detector consists of a central photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a Winston-cone optical concentrat ...
... Cherenkov radiation detector from a non-imaging optical concentrator and a coincidence system. The goal was to detect Cherenkov radiation from the atmosphere under clear and dark skies. The design of the detector consists of a central photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a Winston-cone optical concentrat ...
or view
... One of the aspects that are currently being studied is dark matter. In the last ten years, scientists have been accumulating evidence that there is a form of matter in the Universe that cannot be seen, and is not made up of ordinary material in the form of protons, neutrons and electrons (which is k ...
... One of the aspects that are currently being studied is dark matter. In the last ten years, scientists have been accumulating evidence that there is a form of matter in the Universe that cannot be seen, and is not made up of ordinary material in the form of protons, neutrons and electrons (which is k ...
Lecture 20, PPT version
... • if universe has been expanding at constant rate for all time, then all galaxies would have been on top of each other at time equal to 1/H0 Distance between any two galaxy clusters at the present day: distance = speed x time (the standard formula) speed = H0 x distance (Hubble’s Law, specifically) ...
... • if universe has been expanding at constant rate for all time, then all galaxies would have been on top of each other at time equal to 1/H0 Distance between any two galaxy clusters at the present day: distance = speed x time (the standard formula) speed = H0 x distance (Hubble’s Law, specifically) ...
universe - Northwest ISD Moodle
... most part, in a uniform manner, the motion apart has not all been at the same speed; instead it follows a pattern where galaxies that are further apart are moving more quickly. Speed of galactic motion is proportional to the separation between them. This, again, is known as Hubble’s Law. Astronomers ...
... most part, in a uniform manner, the motion apart has not all been at the same speed; instead it follows a pattern where galaxies that are further apart are moving more quickly. Speed of galactic motion is proportional to the separation between them. This, again, is known as Hubble’s Law. Astronomers ...
scargle_seti
... frequencies, separated here by 1/(4T). • Highest peaks are optimized to increase precision in the corresponding orbital frequency or period. Cumming et al. 1999 ...
... frequencies, separated here by 1/(4T). • Highest peaks are optimized to increase precision in the corresponding orbital frequency or period. Cumming et al. 1999 ...
PASS Content Standard 5.1
... According to the Big Bang Theory the universe began with the explosion of a singularity, a point with an infinite amount of mass. ...
... According to the Big Bang Theory the universe began with the explosion of a singularity, a point with an infinite amount of mass. ...
Origin of the Universe
... of scientists today think that the universe is extremely vast, and that it is more than 10 billion years old-maybe as many as 13.7 billion years old. Presently, the majority of scientists believe that the universe began with an event called the Big Bang and has been expanding in volume ever since. T ...
... of scientists today think that the universe is extremely vast, and that it is more than 10 billion years old-maybe as many as 13.7 billion years old. Presently, the majority of scientists believe that the universe began with an event called the Big Bang and has been expanding in volume ever since. T ...
Cosmology
... – For more distant objects the light has not had time to reach us. – Edge of universe (from our perspective) is the cosmic light horizon ...
... – For more distant objects the light has not had time to reach us. – Edge of universe (from our perspective) is the cosmic light horizon ...
The Solar System - Astronomy - The University of Texas at Austin
... Neptune). Are they not planets? Why not? • They are not called planets, because of their small sizes (~100km), compared to the size of Pluto ~2,400km; however, Pluto (and Sedna) itself may be just a bigger version of the KBOs. • The peculiarity of Pluto can be seen from its orbit around the Sun: whi ...
... Neptune). Are they not planets? Why not? • They are not called planets, because of their small sizes (~100km), compared to the size of Pluto ~2,400km; however, Pluto (and Sedna) itself may be just a bigger version of the KBOs. • The peculiarity of Pluto can be seen from its orbit around the Sun: whi ...
The Milky Way Galaxy
... should look essentially the same from any vantage point. No edge and no center! ...
... should look essentially the same from any vantage point. No edge and no center! ...
EPB_Paper1_EarlyUniverse
... structures that formed from the various clumps of high density areas which were able to form into stars and galaxies. As structures in the universe began to form, small structures were thought to have formed before larger ones, which follows the “bottom-up theory”. There is also the less-accepted “t ...
... structures that formed from the various clumps of high density areas which were able to form into stars and galaxies. As structures in the universe began to form, small structures were thought to have formed before larger ones, which follows the “bottom-up theory”. There is also the less-accepted “t ...
powerpoint
... observer) light source emits radiation with a wavelength (the green wave). If that same source is moving towards the observer, the waves get compressed and the wavelength is less than (the blue wave). If the source is moving away from the observer, the waves are stretched out and the wavelength ...
... observer) light source emits radiation with a wavelength (the green wave). If that same source is moving towards the observer, the waves get compressed and the wavelength is less than (the blue wave). If the source is moving away from the observer, the waves are stretched out and the wavelength ...
Episode1: Overview of the radio serial
... behaved like extremely accurate celestial clocks, sending out precisely timed pulses of radio waves. Quasars on the other hand are extremely distant objects, which emit extremely powerful radio waves. The real nature of quasars and the source of its enormous energy still remain a mystery. The study ...
... behaved like extremely accurate celestial clocks, sending out precisely timed pulses of radio waves. Quasars on the other hand are extremely distant objects, which emit extremely powerful radio waves. The real nature of quasars and the source of its enormous energy still remain a mystery. The study ...
Answers - Physics and Astronomy
... c) Because they pass through virtually everything on Earth without interacting. d) Because we just got used to them. e) The light from the Sun overwhelms the neutrinos. QUESTION 17: The universe became transparent when electrons and protons formed hydrogen atoms because: a) Atoms only absorb certain ...
... c) Because they pass through virtually everything on Earth without interacting. d) Because we just got used to them. e) The light from the Sun overwhelms the neutrinos. QUESTION 17: The universe became transparent when electrons and protons formed hydrogen atoms because: a) Atoms only absorb certain ...
CosmologyL1
... Very wide-angle view of almost the entire night sky, by NASA's WMAP satellite, shows the furthest light we can see. It is also the oldest: The light was emitted shortly after the Big Bang, and has been traveling through space for 13.7 billion years to us. In this "baby picture" of the universe, the ...
... Very wide-angle view of almost the entire night sky, by NASA's WMAP satellite, shows the furthest light we can see. It is also the oldest: The light was emitted shortly after the Big Bang, and has been traveling through space for 13.7 billion years to us. In this "baby picture" of the universe, the ...
U7 Review WS KEY
... causing the frequency to be higher (bluer) and the light waves in back of the object are stretched out causing the frequency to be lower (redder). Objects moving away from earth have redder light. ...
... causing the frequency to be higher (bluer) and the light waves in back of the object are stretched out causing the frequency to be lower (redder). Objects moving away from earth have redder light. ...
Seating Chart for Final Exam PHOTO ID REQUIRED! SIT IN YOUR ASSIGNED ROW!
... Slide 9: Curve 4 question answered above. CMB is leftover radiation from when universe was filled by a fog of electrons, when temperature was 1000 times higher than it is now. It’s existence shows that U really did evolve from a previous hotter, denser state, so there really must have been a Big Ban ...
... Slide 9: Curve 4 question answered above. CMB is leftover radiation from when universe was filled by a fog of electrons, when temperature was 1000 times higher than it is now. It’s existence shows that U really did evolve from a previous hotter, denser state, so there really must have been a Big Ban ...
Powerpoint for today
... Temperature of background in opposite directions nearly identical. Yet even light hasn't had time to travel from A to B (only A to Earth), so A can know nothing about conditions at B, and vice versa. So why are A and B almost identical? This is “horizon problem”. ...
... Temperature of background in opposite directions nearly identical. Yet even light hasn't had time to travel from A to B (only A to Earth), so A can know nothing about conditions at B, and vice versa. So why are A and B almost identical? This is “horizon problem”. ...
mass of star
... Temperature of background in opposite directions nearly identical. Yet even light hasn't had time to travel from A to B (only A to Earth), so A can know nothing about conditions at B, and vice versa. So why are A and B almost identical? This is “horizon problem”. ...
... Temperature of background in opposite directions nearly identical. Yet even light hasn't had time to travel from A to B (only A to Earth), so A can know nothing about conditions at B, and vice versa. So why are A and B almost identical? This is “horizon problem”. ...
La constant cosmològica i l*energia fosca: del Big Bang al futur de l
... Theorem 2 (Black Holes). Let (M,g) a global hyperbolic space-time satisfying Rab kakb ≥ 0 for all lightlike vectors ka (Einstein’s Eqs. with the strong or the weak energy condit’s.). Let us assume that there exists a spatial Cauchy C² hypersurface, Σ, and a trapped surface, and let θ0 be the maximum ...
... Theorem 2 (Black Holes). Let (M,g) a global hyperbolic space-time satisfying Rab kakb ≥ 0 for all lightlike vectors ka (Einstein’s Eqs. with the strong or the weak energy condit’s.). Let us assume that there exists a spatial Cauchy C² hypersurface, Σ, and a trapped surface, and let θ0 be the maximum ...
Getting to Know: Theories About How the Universe Formed
... also claims that the universe has no beginning, that matter is being created constantly as old celestial objects move apart, and that the density of matter stays the same over time. In contrast, the Big Bang Theory says that all matter was in existence before it expanded outward. The most widely acc ...
... also claims that the universe has no beginning, that matter is being created constantly as old celestial objects move apart, and that the density of matter stays the same over time. In contrast, the Big Bang Theory says that all matter was in existence before it expanded outward. The most widely acc ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.